Effect Of Potassium Permanganate Research Articles

The effects of potassium permanganate on the geotechnical properties of soils

In Nigeria, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is used as a chemical oxidant in the removal of hydrocarbons from polluted soils and groundwater, but there is no information on the effects of KMnO4 on the geotechnical properties of the soil. In this study, KMnO4 was added separately to lateritic soil and kaolin at concentrations of 0 %, 2 %, 5% and 10 % by weight of dry soil. Each of the mixes was then subjected to grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The results showed that an increase in KMnO4 from 0 % to 10 % generally decreased the values of maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC) and both unsoaked and soaked CBR for both soils. In conclusion, the study shows that although KMnO4 is excellent for the remediation of contaminated sites, it reduces the geotechnical properties of soil and therefore should not be used alone (without the use of other additives) for soil stabilisation.

Effect of Potassium Permanganate as an Ethylene Scavenger and Physicochemical Characterization during the Shelf Life of Fresh Banana (Musa paradisiaca).

The conventional method of employing low temperatures for storage and distribution has long been the standard approach for preserving most fruits and vegetables. This practice is likewise prevalent in the retail industry, which relies on similar methods for transporting and maintaining the quality of perishable products on their shelves. The aim was to preserve bananas (Musa paradisiaca) using an ethylene scavenger, potassium permanganate, which is contained in small paper bags, to increase the storage and distribution time at low cost. The bananas were distributed in four plastic containers at a temperature of 23°C, three of the treatments contained different concentrations of potassium permanganate, and one was potassium permanganate free. The experimental period was 19 days, and the variations in weight loss, pH, titratable acidity, texture, color, and total soluble solids were analyzed. Potassium permanganate effectively reduced the changes in their physiological ripening.

Effect of potassium permanganate on postharvest quality attributes of bitter gourd fruit

Bitter gourd is a widely consumed cucurbitaceous vegetable rich in several nutrients and phytochemicals. The fruit is also used in traditional medicine systems to cure a variety of ailments. However, bitter gourd fruit has a very short postharvest life of 3-4 days at ambient conditions, due to which it suffers significant loss after harvest. In the present study, with the aim to extend storage life, bitter gourd fruits were packed in corrugated fiberboard boxes along with sachets of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) granules @ 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g per kilogram of fruit; while control fruits were packed without KMnO4 sachets. The results revealed that during 8 days of storage at room temperature, fruits packed with 3.0 g/kg KMnO4 sachets had minimum deterioration in fruit quality compared to control, and also weight loss and decay loss was observed lowest. KMnO4 treated fruit @ 3.0 g/kg retained the highest chlorophyll content and lowest accumulation of carotenoid pigments in the fruit skin. These fruits also had maximum soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, antioxidant capacity and minimum accumulation of malondialdehyde up to 8 days of storage than other treatments.

Effect of Potassium Permanganate, Ultraviolet Radiation and Titanium Oxide as Ethylene Scavengers on Preservation of Postharvest Quality and Sensory Attributes of Broccoli Stored with Tomatoes.

This study introduces an effective solution to enhance the postharvest preservation of broccoli, a vegetable highly sensitive to ethylene, a hormone produced by climacteric fruits such as tomatoes. The proposed method involves a triple combination of ethylene elimination techniques: potassium permanganate (KMnO4) filters combined with ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) and titanium oxide (TiO2), along with a continuous airflow to facilitate contact between ethylene and these oxidizing agents. The effectiveness of this approach was evaluated using various analytical techniques, including measurements of weight, soluble solids content, total acidity, maturity index, color, chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds, and sensory analysis conducted by experts. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the physicochemical quality of postharvest broccoli when treated with the complete system. Notably, broccoli subjected to this innovative method exhibited enhanced organoleptic quality, with heightened flavors and aromas associated with fresh green produce. The implementation of this novel technique holds great potential for the food industry as it reduces postharvest losses, extends the shelf life of broccoli, and ultimately enhances product quality while minimizing waste. The successful development and implementation of this new technique can significantly improve the sustainability of the food industry while ensuring the provision of high-quality food to consumers.

Optical and electrical properties of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes incorporating with potassium permanganate

In this work, the effect of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) on the optical and electrical properties of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes (PSS-PAA PEBs) was investigated. In addition, PSS-PAA/KMnO4 PEBs were modified by connecting a fraction of carboxylic groups with thiol functional groups that bind to the substrate with covalent bonds. IR vibrational bands confirm the formation of thiolated PSS-PAA/KMnO4 PEBs into the ITO substrate. In addition, introducing KMnO4 into the PSS-PAA matrix leads to converting the stretched brushes to collapsed brushes and increasing the roughness from 0.36 to 0.58 nm upon increasing KMnO4 from 0 to 4 wt.%. Introducing KMnO4 into PSS-PAA PEBs decreases the transmittance values as well as increases the extinction coefficient values within the visible region. The bandgap energy of PSS-PAA/KMnO4 PEBs decreases from 3.82 to 3.54 eV as KMnO4 concentration increases from 0 to 4 wt.%. In addition, increasing KMnO4 concentration in PSS-PAA/KMnO4 PEBs changes the PEBs from stretched to collapsed brushes and consequently increases the Urbach energy values from 0.20 to 0.35 eV. Finally, the electrical conductivity of PSS-PAA/KMnO4 PEBs increases gradually from 4.05 × 10−6 S.cm−1 to 5.81 × 10−4 S.cm−1 as KMnO4 concentration increases from 0 to 4 wt.%.

Effects of advanced oxidation process on greywater treatment: an optimization study

Greywater is domestic wastewater from showers and sinks and has a significant potential for the protection of water resources as it is less polluted in terms of nutrients, inorganic substances and hazardous organic substances. It is aimed to treat and reuse greywater in order to meet the rapidly increasing water demand. In this research, the treatment of greywater using the Fenton Process was studied. The efficiency of the Fenton Process was optimized using the Box-Behnken Statistical Design Software. As a result of this study, 97.88 % of Chemical Oxygen Demand removal was achieved at pH = 3, Fe 2+ dose of 3 mM, H2O2 dose of 2 mM, and 37 min. The effect of Potassium Permanganate on the treatability of synthetic greywater was also investigated in the study. Results showed that 84% of the Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency could be achieved using 0.1 g/L Potassium Permanganate at the end of 1 hour reaction time.

A Study on the Effects of Potassium Permanganate on the Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are functionalized by a wet chemical oxidation method using a mixture of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 70 °C, for 12 h. The effects of various KMnO4 amounts on the functionalization of MWCNTs are studied and reported. The surface morphologies, structural properties, dispersion and thermal stability of the MWCNTs are characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The FE-SEM images display some surface roughness, cutting and open ends of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs). The TGA curves of f-MWCNTs indicate a weight loss between 150 °C and 350 °C, which is attributed to the loss of carboxyl groups on the MWCNTs surface and the weight loss is increased when KMnO4 mass is increased. The highest weight loss value of 22.23% is recorded for the oxidation treatment with a mixture of 5 M H2SO4 and 200 mg KMnO4. UV–vis measurements indicate that the f-MWCNTs are highly dispersed in the aquoues solution in comparision to the pristine MWCNTs (p-MWCNTs). And f-MWCNTs with higher functionalization degree show better dispersibility. This study provides a great prospect of effective method to cut, end-open, functionalize and disperse MWCNTs.

Removing Iron, Manganese and Ammonium Ions from Water Using Greensand in Fluidized Bed Process

Natural minerals are used as sorbent in water treatment processes due to their high exchange and relatively low cost. In this paper, a pilot water treatment was conducted to explore the application of greensand in a fluidized bed column while the iron, manganese and ammonium removal performances of two treatment processes, including greensand filtration and potassium permanganate-greensand filtration were evaluated. The breakthrough curves were investigated to analyze the effect of variables such as bed height and inlet flow on the removal performance in addition to the physical properties of greensand. The results showed that the effect of potassium permanganate on the outlet concentration of the fluidized bed was significant in terms of the breakthrough curves which led to the breakthrough points for iron and manganese. It was found that adding potassium permanganate increased the equilibrium column capacity (qeq) from 5.18 mg/g and 2.16 mg/g to 12.70 mg/g and 11.29 mg/g for iron and manganese respectively. So Fe and Mn outlet concentrations reached under the admissible maximum concentration of drinking water. In the experiments without KMnO4, iron removal was found to be caused by reductive dissolution and adsorption while adsorption was the only mechanism for manganese removal. The findings indicated that ammonium removal was minimally influenced by KMnO4 and ion exchange was the main mechanism for ammonium removal.

Effect of Potassium Permanganate and Zeolite on Shelf Life and Quality of Musa Acuminata

This paper study the effect of ethylene scavenger treatments in different quantity (T0: 0g, T1: 1g, T2: 3g, T3: 5g and T4: 10g per sachet) and types of packaging (T5: non-perforated and T6: perforated packaging) on Musa Acuminata to its shelf life and physicochemical quality. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and zeolite were used as ethylene absorbent which stored together with the bananas under uniform atmospheric condition at temperature of 25-28°C and 85-95% of relative humidity (RH). Physicochemical analysis (e.g. weight loss, peel colour changes, firmness, total soluble solid content and titratable acidity) were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatments throughout its storage period. Results showed that treatment with higher quantity of KMnO4-zeolite (T4: 10g) shows reduction and retardation in percent weight loss (9.62%), peel colour changes, firmness changes (28.2%), total soluble solid (TSS) (12.1% Brix), titratable acidity (TA) (0.084% malic acid) and also greater storability of banana. Therefore, postharvest losses can be reduced by the mentioned treatment and it can be implemented in postharvest industries for extending the shelf life of banana effectively.

Toxic effects of potassium permanganate on photosystem II activity of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa

Effects of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) on PSII of Mycrocystis aeruginosa were investigated by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo. KMnO4 exposure reduced the rate of oxygen evolution and cell growth. High concentration of KMnO4 (10 mg L-1) decreased the fast phase and increased the slow phase of QA- reoxidation kinetics. Electron transport after QA was blocked, resulting in a considerable amount of QA- reoxidation being performed via S2(QAQB)- charge recombination. KMnO4 decreased the density of the active photosynthetic reaction centers and the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry and inhibited electron transport, which resulted in a decline of the performance of PSII activity and caused an increase in dissipated energy flux per reaction center and antenna size. Our results suggest that both the donor side and the acceptor on the phase of QA- to QB to PQ of PSII in M. aeruginosa were targets of KMnO4 toxicity.

Effects of KMnO4 Treatment on the Flexural, Impact, and Thermal Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Global warming has had a great impact on environmental changes since the last decade. Eco-friendly industrial products are of great importance to sustain life on earth, including using natural composites. Natural fibers used as fillers are also environmentally valuable because of their biodegradable nature. However, compatibility issues between the fiber and its respective matrix is a major concern. The present work focused on the study of the flexural, impact, and thermal behaviors of environmentally friendly sugar palm fibers (SPF) incorporated into a composite with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Two techniques (extrusion and compression molding) were used to prepare these composites. The fiber size and dosage were kept constant at 250 µm and 30 wt.% SPF, respectively. The effects of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) treatment on the flexural, impact, and thermal behaviors of the treated SPF with 6% NaOH-reinforced TPU composites were investigated. Three different concentrations of KMnO4 (0.033%, 0.066%, and 0.125%) were studied for this purpose. The characterization of the flexural and impact properties of the new TPU/SPF composites was studied as per American Society for Testing Materials ASTM standards. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed for thermal behavior analysis of the TPU/SPF composites. The best flexural strength, impact strength, and modulus properties (8.118 MPa, 55.185 kJ/m2, and 262.102 MPa, respectively) were obtained with a 0.033% KMnO4-treated sample. However, all flexural strength, impact strength, and modulus properties for the KMnO4-treated samples were lower than the sample treated only with 6% NaOH. The highest thermal stability was also shown by the sample treated with 0.033% KMnO4. Therefore, this method enhanced the thermal properties of the TPU/SPF composites with clear deterioration of the flexural and impact properties.

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Vegetables and Fruits in Some Rural Areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

Background and study aim: The healthy diet must basically contain fresh fruits and vegetables. Contaminated vegetables and fruits consumption is a way of getting people infected with intestinal parasites. This study aimed to detect the parasitic contamination in some common fresh vegetables and fruits in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt and the effect of potassium permanganate (Session [UserIDID]mg/L) and acetic acid 5% upon these parasites. Patients and Methods: The study examined 420 samples: lettuce, watercress, parsley, cucumber, carrots and strawberry. Their collection was done from some rural areas of Sharkyia governorate's markets. Samples were washed and the solution resulted from washing was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were microscopically examined using iodine and modified Ziehl–Neelsen stained smears. Then the positive samples were soaked separately in acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate Session [UserIDID]ml/L for 15 and 30 minutes. Then they were tested by 0.2% trypan blue stain to detect the viability of parasites. Results: The parasites were determined in 164/420 (39%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (12.6%) followed by Cryptosporidium spp.oocysts (7.6%), Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.2%), Blastocystis hominis cysts (3.8%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (1.9%), various helminths larvae (1.6%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (1.4%) and Balantidium coli cysts (0.9%). The highest contaminated one was watercress (55.7%) followed by lettuce (45.7%), parsley (44.2%), cucumber (31.4%), strawberry (30%) and carrots (27.1%). There was a reduction in the viability of the parasites after exposure to acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate Session [UserIDID]mg/L but the statistical difference betweenthe percentages was insignificant. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasized a possible role of contaminated raw vegetables and fruits in the spread of parasitic diseases in Sharkyia governorate, Egypt. Acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate Session [UserIDID]ml/L are considered effective disinfectants to reduce parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables and fruits.

Potassium Permanganate Alleviates the Potential Effect of Estrogenic Pollutants on Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Male Oreochromis niloticus

This study aimed to determine the concentration of some estrogens like 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) in agriculture drainage water that used in Egyptian fish farms and to evaluate the oxidative degradation effect of potassium permanganate on these estrogenic pollutants. In addition to assess vitellogenin gene expression on mature male Oreochromis niloticus as a biomarker for estrogenisity. Three groups of males were allocated in three farm ponds filled with agriculture drainage water used in Egyptian fish farms. Water of two of them was treated with potassium permanganate in a concentration of 2.5 and 5 ppm while that of the third pond was kept as untreated control. Other three groups were allocated in three laboratory glass aquariums filled with tap water. Water of two of them was treated with 2.5 and 5 ppm potassium permanganate, while the third was kept as untreated control. The concentrations of E2, EE2 and BPA assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were 9.150, 16.655 and 0.371 mg/L respectively in ponds water and only 0.125 mg/L bisphenol in tap water. This concentration declined in agriculture water treated by 2.5 ppm, moreover E2 and EE2 were completely eliminated with 5 ppm. As an accurate biomarker for estrogenicity, vitellogenin gene expression was assessed in the livers of all groups. A significant downregulation in farm treated groups was observed compared to control, it was 0.108 and 0.029 fold for 2.5 and 5 ppm, respectively.

Nursing of adult patients with proximal type hypospadias using potassium permanganate for postoperative flushing

Objective To study the effect of potassium permanganate flushing in adult proximal type hypospadias patients in preventing and reducing the postoperative complications.Methods 100 cases of hypospadias in adults over the age of 16 patients according to admission order and the single or double bed number,divided into the observation group (50 cases) and the control group (50 cases).The observation group used 1:10 000 concentration of potassium permanganate solution to wash the penis and scrotum incision three days post-operation,and exposed the operation area.The control group used traditional methods,with application of vaseline oil gauze to circularly bandage the area.Results The clinical symptoms of the observation group obviously improved 5 day postoperation,and the incidence of incision infection,urinary fistula also reduced 7 days postoperation,but the class A healing rate was higher compared with those of the control group.Conclusions Using 1:10 000 concentration of potassium permanganate solution for flushing in adult patients with proximal type hypospadias three days postoperatively can effectively promote the healing of the incision,and the operation method is simple,low-cost,economic and practical,which is worth being promoted. Key words: The potassium permanganate solution; Adult proximal type hypospadias; Nursing

English

The effect of potassium permanganate on protein content in different tissues of fresh water crab, Barytelphusa guerini was studied by using Lowry's Method (1951). The animals were exposed on acute exposure of the potassium permanganate for the present study. The protein content in tissues such as gills, hepatopancreas and muscles were observed. The protein levels in all the tissues were found to be decreased on exposure to potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Under normal physiological condition excess of protein is stored in the tissues like hepatopancreas and muscles in tissues of crab for common metabolic pathways. As per the need of animals it is utilized. On exposure to potassium permanganate the magnitude of protein content was found to be directly linked to the duration of exposure.

Effect of Oxidant on the Leaching Rate of Indium from Water Quenching Slag

Extracting indium from water quenching slag, which contains poor indium, by two process of leaching, the effect of different oxidants and dosages on the leaching rate of indium in water quenching slag were studied. The leaching conditions: temperature 80 °C, leaching time 2 h, the liquid to solid ratio of neutral leaching 8︰1, the liquid to solid ratio of acid leaching 2︰1, initial concentration of sulfuric acid 500 g·L-1, adding different oxidants, the concentration was detected by crystal violet spectrophotometry. Test results showed that the leaching rate of indium was significantly improved by adding hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. Compared with the effect of different oxidants, the effect of potassium permanganate was significantly higher than that of hydrogen peroxide on the leaching rate of indium.

Mechanical, thermal and degradation properties of jute fabric – reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent

AbstractMechanical properties of jute fabrics‐reinforced polypropylene composites were measured with reference to fiber loading and found highest at 45% by the weight of jute fabrics. Jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate in acid (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) and alkaline (KOH) media in order to investigate the oxidizing effect on the properties of the composites. Solutions of oxalic acid, sulphuric acid, and KOH were prepared in water as 1.0–10.0% w/v, 0.1–2.0% v/v, and 1.0–10.0% w/v, respectively, where percentage of KMnO4 was maintained at 0.01% w/v. Among the treatments, 5.0% oxalic acid treated jute composite showed better mechanical performance. Thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) data of PP, jute fabrics and composites showed that thermal degradation temperatures of composites shifted to higher temperature regions compared to PP or jute fabrics. The treatment of jute fabrics improves thermal stability of the composites. Treated jute composites were found less degradable in soil, water and simulated weathering conditions and also found less water sensible compared to control composite (45% w/w jute fabrics). POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Effect of Hydrous Manganese Dioxide on the Treatment of Low-Turbidity Source Water: Plant-Scale Experience

The effect of potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) preoxidation on the treatment of low-turbidity reservoir water was investigated through two years of operational data in a large-scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). KMnO4 facilitated the removal of pollutants [e.g., turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn))] by different units such as clarification, sand filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Although the addition of KMnO(4) increased the color and total Mn concentrations, the results of removal by clarification and filtration are promising. The average run length of anthracite filters decreased from 48 to 40.8 hours after the introduction of KMnO(4) and exhibited a negative correlation with KMnO(4) dosages (r(2) = 0.6912). The hydrous manganese dioxide in situ formed (delta MnO(2)) dominated in aiding coagulation and improving filtration to enhance pollutant removal in the KMnO(4) preoxidation process, and these effects were achieved at the expense of more frequent backwashing of anthracite filters. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) EE. 1943-7870.0000349. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Effect of Potassium Permanganate on Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Effect of Potassium Permanganate on Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation

The mechanisms of potassium permanganate on algae removal

The effect of potassium permanganate as preoxidant for algae-laden source water and the mechanism that it causes algae cells aggregation was investigated. Synthetic algae suspensions, prepared from lab-cultured Chodatella sp., were used for batch preoxidation and settling tests. In order to study the effect of water hardness on the function of permanganate, some algae suspensions were spiked with CaCl 2 solution. Experiments with preformed MnO 2 to look into its effect on algae cell aggregation were also conducted. The results show that preoxidation with potassium permanganate would promote the aggregation of algae cells, and this phenomenon was even more significant with the existence of hardness causing ion, calcium. In addition to incorporating its reducing product, MnO 2, into algae floc, and increased its specific gravity, and therefore its settling velocity, permanganate may also induce the release of extracellular organic matters (EOM) from algae cell. Based on SEM observation, EOM probably enhanced the incorporation of MnO 2 into algae floc. The role played by calcium ion in promoting the function of permanganate can be explained by charge neutralization and also bridging between negatively charged surfaces.