Effect Of Pot Size Research Articles

Effect of Pot Size and Transplanting Date on Tuber Production Using Micro-Tubers of White Yam

Low multiplication ratio, long growth and development duration contribute to the long conventional breeding cycle of yams. Moreover, little is known about the effect of pot size and transplanting date on the yield of introduced semi-autotrophic hydroponics (SAH) derived micro-tubers of white yam (Dioscrearotundata Poir). This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pot size and transplanting date on tuber production of introduced SAH micro-tuber derived white yam var TDr9719177 in shed-house conditions. The SAH materials were introduced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The trial involved two factors including two different pot sizes (38.5×28.5cm and 29.5×23.0cm) and two transplanting dates (September, 2020 and October, 2020). The results showed that micro-tubers grown in the big pot (38.5×28.5cm) significantly out yielded those established in the small pot (29.5×23.0cm). Transplanting in September produced heavier fresh tubers per plant (123.4g)and fresh tuber weight per tuber (88.8g) than transplanting in October, which had 17.4g and 14.1g, respectively. The mean difference of fresh tuber weight per plant between the transplanting pots was 68.4%, and between the transplanting dates was 85.9%. The mean difference of weight per tuber between the transplanting pots was 74.2%, and between the transplanting dates was 84.1%. The results suggested the relevance of early transplanting of healthy seedlings from SAH derived micro-tubers that could be exploited for deployment and promotion to seed yam producers for increased yam productivity. It also depicted the relevance of transplanting SAH micro-tubers in big container that promotes higher tuber production that could be exploited for the rapid multiplication of early generation seeds in yam breeding.

Effect of Pot Size on the Growth of Common Bean in Experiments with Rhizobium

The initial steps for the selection of microbial inoculants are carried out in pots. The sizes of the pots must be taken into account, since plants respond to different pot sizes. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of pot size on the outcomes of the evaluation of rhizobial inoculants in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Two experiments combining three pot sizes (1, 3, and 5 kg of soil) and three N sources (rhizobia, mineral N, and the absence of inoculation and N fertilization) were carried out. In experiment I, the pots received fertilization according to soil mass. In experiment II, the pots received equal amounts of fertilizer. Plants were harvested at the R6/R7 stages and their biomass and nodulation were assessed. Plant growth increased with pot size in both experiments. Although 1-kg pots did not provide phytomass accumulation in the same magnitude as larger pots, they allowed differentiating responses to inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. Thus, when required, 1-kg pots can be used for strain selection assays. When receiving the same amount of nutrients, the pots of 3 kg of soil provided plant development similar to 5-kg pots, showing that soil fertility was more critical than pot size in determining plant growth. Our study revealed that among the evaluated sizes, 3-kg soil pots are best suited for detailed plant growth evaluations in rhizobia experiments. This size adequately differentiates treatments, reduces experimental effort, and may allow a greater number of treatments under evaluation.

Effect of pot size and growing media on seedling vigour of four indigenous tree species under semi-arid climatic conditions

Appropriate nursery and tree planting technologies are vital for successful afforestation and reforestation. Seedlings of four important indigenous fodder and fruit tree species, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Dobera glabra and Ziziphus spina-christi, were grown in three different levels of polybag pot size (8, 10 and 15 cm) and three different soil mixes (local topsoil, manure and sand). The experiment was implemented in a factorial randomized complete block design at the semi-arid Werer Center in the southern Afar, Ethiopia. Seedling height and root collar diameter were measured from second to seventh month after seed sowing. The results showed that seedlings raised in large pots had significantly greater height and root collar diameter, than those raised in the other two container types. On the contrary, there was no effect of the soil mix. We thus recommend the use of large polybag pots for seedling production in semi-arid areas as this will ensure greater success in tree establishment, though this may mean higher initial cost.

Gauging submersed plant response to CO2 enrichment: Pot size matters

The availability of a photosynthetic carbon source may limit submersed plant growth, and experimental assessment of this limitation may depend on the volume available to belowground plant parts. To test the effect of pot size on submersed plant growth response to CO2 enrichment, we grew the freshwater macrophyte Vallisneria americana in pots containing 1.01, 2.25, and 4.04L of lake sediment in pH- and [CO2]-controlled greenhouse tanks for nine weeks. A highly significant (P<0.001) interaction between [CO2] and pot size for final biomass, root mass fraction, dry weight gain, and relative growth rate (RGR) indicated that growth response to CO2 enrichment depends on pot size. The ratios of growth at high [CO2] to that at low [CO2] increased from 3.2 in small pots to 8.1 in large pots for dry weight gain, and from 1.8 in small pots to 3.3 in large pots for RGR. Response to CO2 enrichment was thus substantially greater for plants grown in larger pots. Further, increasing pot size from small to large did not increase dry weight gain at low [CO2], but yielded 69% greater dry weight gain at high [CO2]. Macrophyte experimentalists should carefully consider pot size in relation to available sediment resources, which can influence growth rate and growth response to CO2 enrichment.

Effect of Pot Size on Growth, Flowering and Pot Presentability of Azalea Cultivars

Effect of Pot Size on Growth, Flowering and Pot Presentability of Azalea Cultivars

Effect of Pot Size on Various Characteristics Related to Photosynthetic Matter Production in Soybean Plants

Despite the wide uses of potted plants, information on how pot size affects plant photosynthetic matter production is still considerably limited. This study investigated with soybean plants how transplantation into larger pots affects various characteristics related to photosynthetic matter production. The transplantation was analyzed to increase leaf photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance without affecting significantly leaf intercellular CO2concentration, implicating that the transplantation induced equal increases in the rate of CO2diffusion via leaf stomata and the rate of CO2fixation in leaf photosynthetic cells. Analyses of Rubisco activity and contents of a substrate (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)) for Rubisco and total protein in leaf suggested that an increase in leaf Rubisco activity, which is likely to result from an increase in leaf Rubisco content, could contribute to the transplantation-induced increase in leaf photosynthetic rate. Analyses of leaf major photosynthetic carbohydrates and dry weights of source and sink organs revealed that transplantation increased plant sink capacity that uses leaf starch, inducing a decrease in leaf starch content and an increase in whole plant growth, particularly, growth of sink organs. Previously, in the same soybean species, it was demonstrated that negative correlation exists between leaf starch content and photosynthetic rate and that accumulation of starch in leaf decreases the rate of CO2diffusion within leaf. Thus, it was suggested that the transplantation-induced increase in plant sink capacity decreasing leaf starch content could cause the transplantation-induced increase in leaf photosynthetic rate by inducing an increase in the rate of CO2diffusion within leaf and thereby substantiating an increase in leaf Rubisco activity in vivo. It was therefore concluded that transplantation of soybean plants into larger pots attempted in this study increased the plant photosynthetic matter production by increasing mainly sink capacity that uses leaf starch for whole plant growth, particularly, growth of sink organs.

Pot size matters: a meta-analysis of the effects of rooting volume on plant growth.

The majority of experiments in plant biology use plants grown in some kind of container or pot. We conducted a meta-analysis on 65 studies that analysed the effect of pot size on growth and underlying variables. On average, a doubling of the pot size increased biomass production by 43%. Further analysis of pot size effects on the underlying components of growth suggests that reduced growth in smaller pots is caused mainly by a reduction in photosynthesis per unit leaf area, rather than by changes in leaf morphology or biomass allocation. The appropriate pot size will logically depend on the size of the plants growing in them. Based on various lines of evidence we suggest that an appropriate pot size is one in which the plant biomass does not exceed 1gL-1. In current research practice ~65% of the experiments exceed that threshold. We suggest that researchers need to carefully consider the pot size in their experiments, as small pots may change experimental results and defy the purpose of the experiment.

MODELLING VISUAL QUALITY OF KALANCHOE BLOSSFELDIANA: INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR AND POT SIZE

An explanatory model for predicting kalanchoe plant height and cropping duration has been developed for one cultivar and one pot size, as described in earlier papers. In two experiments (winter and summer) seven contrasting cultivars (`Anatole?, `Debbie?, `Delia?, `Mie?, `Pandora?, `Tenorio? and `Toleda?) and two pot sizes (7 and 10.5 cm) were analysed to make this model more generally applicable. The studied cultivars showed a strong variation in plant height (10.2 to 29.2 cm) and reaction time (55 to 64 days, from start of short-day period until harvest) when grown under the same conditions (values provided are for summer cultivation in 10.5 cm pots). The effect of pot size on plant height was closely related to the cultivation practices, which already corresponded to model input parameters. For instance, smaller pots resulted in shorter plants but this was due to a lower initial number of internodes and a reduced duration of long-day period. Additionally, growing plants in smaller pots resulted in a longer reaction time especially during winter (on average 8 days delay). The framework of the explanatory model previously developed for `Anatole? grown in 10.5 cm pots was successfully adapted to other kalanchoe cultivars and pot sizes. It was concluded that when implementing this dynamic model to predict plant height and reaction time for different cultivars in different climate conditions, only few parameters have to be quantified and compared to the reference cultivar at one light and temperature condition.

Effect of pot size, planting date and genotype on mini- tuber production of Marfona potato cultivar

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of pot size, planting date and type of genotype on mini-tuber production of Marfona potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum L.) in greenhouse conditions. Four genotypes (M-129, M-128P, M-127P and M-124P) originated from virus free sprouts and a genotype of the same cultivar (Marfona) originated from apical meristem, in 3 sizes of pot and 3 planting date were investigated. The results showed that using larger pots of 3-liter has no advantage and pots smaller than 2-liter is not suitable for mini-tuber production. Also, time of Nov 18 was the best of date for planting of potato in studied conditions and delay in date of planting reduced the mini-tuber production. The reduction in number of mini-tubers and growing period was greater for the genotype M- 129 compared with the other potato genotypes. Furthermore, higher numbers of mini-tubers were produced by the M-127P and M-124P genotypes and M-127P had the highest total weight of mini-tubers. However the number of mini-tubers per plant was higher for genotypes originated from meristem culture than genotypes obtained from sprouts. It seems that genotypes originated from potato sprouts are not as efficient as the apical meristem ones. On the other hand, later genotype showed more homogenous in growth rate and phenotype.

Growth of Poinsettia as Affected by Cultivar, Thinning, and Pot Size

The effect of thinning to three, four, five, or six lateral shoots on the growth parameters of five differently colored poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivars (‘Christmas Star’, ‘Christmas Feelings’, ‘Cortez Candy’, ‘Marble Star’, and ‘Primero Roso’) was studied by consecutive measurements of growth from September to December. In a separate experiment, the effect of pot size (13-, 15-, or 18-cm diameter) on growth of ‘Christmas Star’ was studied. Cultivars responded similarly to thinning, but during the growing season, apparent differences in vegetative growth parameters between cultivars were observed, with ‘Primero Roso’ evaluated as the most vigorous. At the single-shoot level, the increased number of lateral shoots decreased the number of nodes at the beginning and the stem diameter at the end of the experiment. Leaf area, dry weight of stems, and total plant weight increased as the number of laterals increased at the end of experiment. The most distinctive canopy attribute in this study was the bract color because, according to customer evaluation, significant differences in visual appearance among tested cultivars were observed only for that trait. Pot size differentially affected the vegetative growth parameters of poinsettia ‘Christmas Star’. Increasing pot size from a 13- to 18-cm diameter resulted in an increase of plant canopy diameter, stem diameter, and the number of nodes on lateral shoots. There were no other substantial benefits on the measured growth parameters that could justify the use of pots larger than a 13-cm diameter for a poinsettia crop established at the beginning of September.

The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress

Many experiments are conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers in which plants are grown in pots. Considerable research has shown that pots can have a limiting effect on overall plant growth. This research was undertaken to examine the effects of pot size specifically on transpiration response of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) plants undergoing water-deficit stress. Maize and soybean experiments were conducted similarly, but as separate experiments. Maize plants were grown in 2.3, 4.1, 9.1, and 16.21 pots sealed to prevent water loss except by transpiration. For each pot size, plants were divided into two watering regimes, a well-watered control and a water-deficit regime. Water deficits were imposed by simply not rewatering the pots. Soybean was examined in a similar manner, but only the three larger pot sizes were used in the experiment. For both maize and soybean, and in both watering regimes, there was a significant reduction of shoot dry weight and total transpiration with decreasing pot size. However, there were no significant differences among pot sizes in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) point at which transpiration began to decline (FTSW0.31 for maize and 0.35 for soybean) or in the overall relationship of transpiration rate to soil water content in response to water deficits. These results indicated that, regardless of pot size or plant size, the overriding factor determining transpirational response to drought stress was soil water content.

The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress

Many experiments are conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers in which plants are grown in pots. Considerable research has shown that pots can have a limiting effect on overall plant growth. This research was undertaken to examine the effects of pot size specifically on transpiration response of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) plants undergoing water-deficit stress. Maize and soybean experiments were conducted similarly, but as separate experiments. Maize plants were grown in 2.3, 4.1, 9.1, and 16.2 I pots sealed to prevent water loss except by transpiration. For each pot size, plants were divided into two watering regimes, a well-watered control and a water-deficit regime. Water deficits were imposed by simply not rewatering the pots. Soybean was examined in a similar manner, but only the three larger pot sizes were used in the experiment. For both maize and soybean, and in both watering regimes, there was a significant reduction of shoot dry weight and total transpiration with decreasing pot size. However, there were no significant differences among pot sizes in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) point at which transpiration began to decline (FTSW ≈ 0.31 for maize and ≈ 0.35 for soybean) or in the overall relationship of transpiration rate to soil water content in response to water deficits. These results indicated that, regardless of pot size or plant size, the overriding factor determining transpirational response to drought stress was soil water content.

Effect of Pot Size and Timing of Plant Growth Regulator Treatments on Growth and Tuber Yield in Greenhouse-Grown Norland and Russet Burbank Potatoes

The effects of pot size, timing of the applica- tion of paclobutrazol (PTZ) and gibberellic acid (GA3), and the counteractive effect of these two compounds on growth and tuber yield of greenhouse-grown Norland and Russet Burbank potatoes were investigated. Plants were grown either in 1.5-liter pots (15 cm deep) or 3.0- liter pots (18 cm deep) and received a foliar application of either 1.5 mM PTZ or 9◊1 0 ˛3 mM GA3 at early or late stolon initiation. Some plants that had been foliar treated with 1.5 mM PTZ at early stolon initiation were foliar treated wit h9◊1 0 ˛3 mM GA3 at late stolon initiation. PTZ reduced haulm length in both cultivars significantly, particularly when the treatment was applied at early sto- lon initiation, but the late treatment reduced haulm length only when growing in 3.0-liter pots. Irrespective of the timing of treatment, GA 3 increased haulm length in Nor- land growing in both pot sizes, but the treatment in- creased haulm length in Russet Burbank only when ap- plied at late stolon initiation. GA 3 applied after PTZ did not overcome the growth-inhibiting effect of the PTZ treatment. The PTZ treatment effectively increased us- able tuber number/plant (UTN) in Norland, but PTZ had no effect on UTN in Russet Burbank. PTZ reduced us- able tuber weight/plant (UTW) only in Norland growing in 1.5-liter pots. By contrast, GA3 increased UTN only when treated at late stolon initiation of 1.5-liter pot- grown Norland, whereas the same treatment was effec- tive when applied only at early stolon initiation for Rus- set Burbank. For Norland, the increase in UTN by early applied PTZ was reduced by the subsequent application of GA 3 . The use of 3.0-liter pots for minituber produc- tion in both Norland and Russet Burbank appears to have no advantage over growing in 1.5-liter pots, particularly when PTZ or GA3 is used to enhance tuberization.

The effect of sludges from two Adelaide sewage treatment plants on the growth of and heavy metal concentrations in lettuce

In a glasshouse experiment, lettuce was grown on a market garden soil near Adelaide, South Australia, to investigate how yields and foliar concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn are affected by applications of sewage sludges of different origin. One sludge came from a modern treatment plant and the other from an abandoned treatment farm now within the Adelaide suburban area. Heat sterilization of one of the sludges decreased the uptake of Cd, Cu, and Zn, and especially of Ni and Mn. Fertilizing with sludges alone gave poor yields thus indicating the need for supplementary nutrients. High rates of sludge application gave marked increases in some metal concentrations in the lettuce. The ease with which metals in the sludges could be absorbed by lettuce decreased in the following order: Cd &gt; Zn &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt;&gt; Pb. The effect of pot size is discussed. Monitoring of produce may be required if sludge is used at high rates in intensive crop production on a similar soil.

Effect of Pot Size and Shape on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Millet1

SynopsisSmall containers produced the largest yields based on a ratio of plant population to weight of soil. Generally, for greenhouse experiments relatively small containers not only offer an economy in quantity of soil and greenhouse space needed, but actually give comparable yields per unit weight of soil.