Effect Of Positive Emotion Research Articles

Individual differences in personality and positive emotion for wealth creation

This study identified evidence of a bidirectional causal relationship between positive emotions and net wealth using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model with three time points (2008, 2012, and 2016) within a sample of 10,898 Americans over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study. The Great Recession might have contributed to net wealth's effect on positive emotions during this study. The results also suggest that positive emotions shape net wealth, providing evidence favoring the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and the potential effectiveness of positive psychological interventions for personal finance behaviors. Furthermore, a cross-level interaction of all Big-five personality traits with positive emotion and net wealth showed large cross-lag effects when positive emotion is a predictor of net wealth. Likewise, the interaction of positive emotion by the Big Five traits was a predictor of net wealth, indicating the need for further examination of the moderated effect of positive emotion in the context of personality traits and net wealth.

Fostering Academic Engagement in Post-graduate Students: Assessing the Role of Positive Emotions, Positive Psychology, and Stress.

AimThe current study attempted to assess the effect of positive emotion on post-graduate students’ psychological capital (PsyCap) as well as on their academic engagement behavior. Also, the direct relationship between PsyCap and academic engagement behavior was assessed alongside the presence of Stress as a moderating variable between PsyCap and academic engagement behavior amongst post-graduate students in Malaysia.Materials and MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection from 373 post-graduate Ph.D. students registered in various universities throughout Malaysia with a non-probabilistic sampling technique. Research respondents belonged to management, humanities, engineering, computer science, and health sciences domains, and they responded through a questionnaire copy. Statistically, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to evaluate confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis, validity analysis, measurement model, structural model, and path analysis. Furthermore, the (5000) bootstrapping approach was utilized to test the final model.ResultsFor the hypothesized model, our results confirmed that positive emotions had a positive and significant effect on students’ psychological capita as well as on their academic engagement behavior. Further, PsyCap also had a positive and significant effect on academic engagement behavior. Our results also reported that stress as a moderating variable has a negative and deteriorating effect on the relationship between PsyCap and the academic engagement of students.ConclusionThe study’s findings support the theoretical assumption that positive emotions help individuals generate cognitive resources, which in turn help them manage their engagement behavioral requirements. However, the stress caused by their study needs may deplete their psychological resources, consequently influencing their academic engagement behavior. Interventions like personal coaching/counseling, appropriate follow-up, and flexible goal settings with other measures may help post-graduate students in achieving their daunting tasks.

Is One-Way Multi-Station Feasible? Influence of Value and Cost on Travel Intention of Urban Agglomeration in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

Regional tourism with urban agglomeration as the spatial carrier has become one of the flow characteristics of many tourists. Tourists visiting multiple cities at one time will certainly gain more value than visiting one city, but they will also pay more costs, thus affecting their emotions and willingness to travel. But the mechanism and theoretical boundaries have not been clarified. Based on the cognitive–affective–behavioral attitude model and the customer-delivered-value model, this paper takes the tourism destination tourists of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration as samples to explore the influence mechanism of tourists’ perceived functional value, social value and knowledge value on positive emotion and travel intention, and to test the moderating mediating effect of monetary cost, energy cost and psychological cost on positive emotion. Social value and knowledge value positively affect travel intention. Functional value, knowledge value and social value positively affect positive emotion, and positive emotion positively affect travel intention. Positive emotion plays a complete mediating role between functional value, social value and travel intention, and plays a partial mediating role between knowledge value and travel intention. Monetary cost, energy cost and psychological cost respectively moderate the mediating effect of positive emotion between functional value and travel intention. Psychological cost moderates the mediating effect of positive emotion between social value and travel intention. Monetary cost and psychological cost respectively moderate the mediating effect of positive emotion between knowledge value and travel intention. Differences in the impact of consumers’ perceived value at different levels on positive emotion and travel intentions. It opens up the differences in the effects of the interaction of different levels of perceived value and different types of perceived cost on positive emotion. From an empirical point of view, it is proved that the tourism boutique line design based on multicity destination combination in China is feasible as a method to promote tourism integration and regional tourism brand building. It also puts forward the management enlightenment of regional tourism integration and regional tourism brand building from the perspectives of enterprises, front-line service personnel, residents and government.

Bed and Breakfast (B&B) social servicescape and customer satisfaction: Positive emotion mediation and sex moderation

We investigated the influence of bed and breakfast (B&B) social servicescape on customer satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of customer positive emotion and the moderating role of sex. Participants were a convenience sample of 305 B&B customers from the Yangshuo, Guangxi Province, and Phoenix Ancient Town, Hunan province, China (female = 45.5%; mean age = 30.9 years, SD = 8.7 years). Following a simple mediation analysis, the findings revealed that customers’ positive emotion significantly mediated the relationship between B&B social servicescape and customer satisfaction. Additionally, the impact of social servicescape on customers’ positive emotion was moderated by sex, with female customers expressing higher regard for affect laden servicescape qualities. These findings suggest a need for B&B providers to build sex-sensitive provisions into their servicescape for positive experiences.

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, JOB INSECURITY AND JOB INVOLVEMENT AND MEDIATION EFFECTS OF POSITIVE EMOTION

This study aimed to investigate the effects of job insecurity on organizational commitment and Job Involvement respectively and the mediation effects of positive emotion thereto. The hypotheses this research addressed are (1) Job insecurity has no significant effect on organizational commitment; (2) Job insecurity has a significant negative effect on Job Involvement; (3) Organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on Job Involvement. (4) Positive emotion failed to reduce the negative effect of job insecurity on organizational commitment and Job Involvement respectively. The results show that, the powerlessness in job insecurity is a key factor affecting organizational commitment and Job Involvement. And the powerlessness in job insecurity not only affects organizational commitment and Job Involvement but also affects Job Involvement through organizational commitment.

Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology.

We described behavioral studies to highlight emotional processing deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The findings suggest prominent deficit in recognizing negative emotions, pronounced effect of positive emotion on enhancing memory, and a critical role of cognitive deficits in manifesting emotional processing dysfunction in AD. We reviewed imaging studies to highlight morphometric and functional markers of hippocampal circuit dysfunction in emotional processing deficits. Despite amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, hippocampal dysfunction conduces to deficits in emotional memory. Finally, the reviewed studies implicating major neurotransmitter systems in anxiety and depression in AD supported altered cholinergic and noradrenergic signaling in AD emotional disorders. Overall, the studies showed altered emotions early in the course of illness and suggest the need of multimodal imaging for further investigations. Particularly, longitudinal studies with multiple behavioral paradigms translatable between preclinical and clinical models would provide data to elucidate the time course and underlying neurobiology of emotion processing dysfunction in AD.

The Influence of Chinese College Students' Physical Exercise on Life Satisfaction: The Chain Mediation Effect of Core Self-evaluation and Positive Emotion.

Physical exercise is an important way for college students to maintain their physical health, and life satisfaction is one of the important indicators of college students’ mental health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise and life satisfaction of college students. Additionally, we also seek to demonstrate the chain mediating effects of core self-evaluation and positive emotion on this relationship. A total of 794 Chinese college students, 324 men and 470 women, participated in the study. The participants were 17–25years old (M=19.96±1.54). They completed the Exercise Adherence Questionnaire, Core Self-evaluation Scale, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results showed a strong positive relationship between physical exercise and life satisfaction and verified the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and positive emotion on this relationship. The results also confirmed the chain mediating model between physical exercise, core self-evaluation, positive emotion, and life satisfaction. It enlightens us that we should pay more attention to the organic combination of students’ physical activities and mental health education.

Toward holistic frontline employee management: An investigation of the interplay of positive emotion displays and dress color

AbstractFrontline employees' visual appearance is important in many service industries. Positive emotion displays are especially crucial, as are aesthetic displays such as dress color. However, emotion and aesthetic displays have commonly been examined independently of each other in marketing research. We contribute to research and practice by drawing attention to customers' holistic perception of frontline employees, indicating that emotion displays and aesthetic displays, such as dress color, are jointly processed. Across four experiments, we demonstrate that the effects of positive emotion displays on customer tipping and employee warmth can be amplified by using warm (vs. cold) dress colors. Drawing on emotions as social information theory, we show that this interaction is explained by a cognitive inferential (i.e., the perception of fit) and not by an affective pathway through positive affect. Our findings guide managers on how to choose dress colors to increase the beneficial effects of positive emotion displays.

Positive emotions have different impacts on mood and sympathetic changes in crying from negative emotions

Emotional crying has been extensively discussed but has concentrated on crying as a result of negative emotion. There are few psychological and neurophysiological findings on the effect of positive emotion on crying. In this study, participants watched four videos (two positive and two negative) evoking different emotions. We investigated whether emotional crying differed in mood and physiological response. Changes in electrodermal activity, high-frequency components of heart rate variability, and the Profile of Mood States were measured as indicators of mood, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerve activity. Those who cried showed no significant increase in parasympathetic activity compared to those who did not, regardless of the emotion. However, in negative emotion, crying was found to be significantly positively associated with depression and sympathetic nerve activity. In contrast, positive emotion, crying was positively and significantly associated with vigor, but not with sympathetic nervous activity. These results suggest that crying due to positive and negative emotions may be derived from different psychophysiological mechanisms.

대학생의 스트레스, 부정정서, 비자살적 자해의 관계: 부정 긴급성과 긍정정서의 조절된-조절된 매개효과

본 연구는 대학생의 스트레스, 부정정서, 비자살적 자해의 관계에서 부정 긴급성과 긍정정서의 조절된-조절된 매개효과(moderated-moderated mediation)를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 즉, 대학생의 스트레스가 부정정서를 매개로 하여 비자살적 자해에 영향을 미치는 관계가 부정 긴급성과 긍정정서의 수준에 따라 달라지는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 대학생을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 392명의 자료를 기반으로 SPSS 22.0과 PROCESS Macro v3.5를 통해 연구모형을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 스트레스, 부정정서, 비자살적 자해의 관계에서 부정 긴급성과 긍정정서의 조절된-조절된 매개효과가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 즉, 스트레스 사건에 노출된 대학생은 부정정서를 경험하는데, 높은 부정 긴급성을 가지고 있으며 평소 긍정정서를 많이 경험하지 못하고 있는 대학생의 경우 자해행동을 할 가능성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 비자살적 자해를 줄이기 위해서는 충동성 중에서도 특히 부정정서와 관련된 행동적 취약성을 고려해야 하며, 부정정서 뿐 아니라 긍정정서의 수준에 대해서도 통합적으로 살펴봐야 함을 시사한다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시사점과 대학생의 비자살적 자해를 감소시키기 위한 개입 전략에 대해 논의하였다.

Compassion and Workplace Incivility: Implications for Open Innovation

The purpose of this study was to examine mechanisms of how compassion experienced by employees affects workplace incivility. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the double mediation effect of positive emotion and leadership on the relationship between compassion and workplace incivility. Empirical results using survey data from 304 employees in South Korea confirm that employees who experience compassion at work are less likely to engage in workplace incivility. More importantly, positive emotions and positive leadership sequentially mediate the negative relationship between compassion and workplace incivility. The theoretical and practical implications are of this are also discussed.

Self-Positivity or Self-Negativity as a Function of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

Self and emotions are key motivational factors of a person strivings for health and well-being. Understanding neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between these factors bear far-reaching implications for mental health disorders. Recent work indicates a substantial overlap between self-relevant and emotion information processing and has proposed the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) as one shared neural signature. However, the precise cognitive and neural mechanisms represented by the MPFC in investigations of self- and emotion-related processing are largely unknown. Here we examined whether the neural underpinnings of self-related processing in the MPFC link to positive or negative emotions. We collected fMRI data to test the distinct and shared neural circuits of self- and emotion-related processing while participants performed personal (self, friend, or stranger) and emotion (happy, sad, or neutral) associative matching tasks. By exploiting tight control over the factors that determine the effects of self-relevance and emotions (positive: Happy vs. neutral; negative: Sad vs. neutral), our univariate analysis revealed that the ventral part of the MPFC (vmPFC), which has established involvement in self-prioritisation effects, was not recruited in the negative emotion prioritisation effect. In contrast, there were no differences in brain activity between the effects of positive emotion- and self-prioritisation. These results were replicated by both region of interest (ROI)-based analysis in the vmPFC and the seed- to voxel functional connectivity analysis between the MPFC and the rest of the brain. The results suggest that the prioritisation effects for self and positive emotions are tightly linked together, and the MPFC plays a large role in discriminating between positive and negative emotions in relation to self-relevance.

The Moderating Role of Emotion: The Combinatory Effects of Positive Emotion and News Framing Techniques on Climate Change Attitudes

Based on mood management theory and the broaden-and-build theory, this study examines whether an individual’s emotional state influences the persuasive efficacy of climate change news framing techniques. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a 2 (Message Framing: thematic vs. episodic) × 2 (Emotion: positive vs. control) between-subjects factorial design experiment. Results indicate that episodically framed messages significantly decrease news believability and risk perception for people in a positive emotional state. News believability and risk perception positively mediated the effects of emotion and message frame on policy support and behavioral intention.

The influence mechanism of job crafting on work-family enrichment: Modeling positive emotion as a mediator

With the development of information and technology, the boundary between work and family has gradually become blurred. Therefore, some employees try to restructure the resources around them to adjust their work, which is known as job crafting. There is evidence that this behavior will bring extremely prominent positive predictive utility to employees’ work performance and family satisfaction so that work and family can complement each other. So, how can enterprises help employees achieve work-family enrichment to attract and retain talents? Through what mechanism does employees' active job crafting behavior affect work-family enrichment? In order to find out the answer, based on affective event theory, this paper constructs a path model of job crafting's influence on work-family enrichment, and focuses on the mediating effect of positive emotion on the relationship between job crafting and work-family enrichment, as well as the boundary effect of person-organization fit on the relationship between the two constructs.

The Effect of Positive Emotion and Interpersonal Relationships to Adaptation of School Life on High School Athletic Class Students.

Background: Adaption for school life is important for all students. As for athletic students, since they need to cope with schoolwork and extensive training, adaption for school life could be very challenging. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study was to explore the factors which may help high school athletic students’ adaption of school life. Owing to this, the study explored previous researches and proposed four hypotheses: the first two hypotheses proposed that athletes’ positive emotion will have positive impacts on both their interpersonal relationships and adaption of school life; the third hypothesis suggests that athletes’ interpersonal relationships will have positive impacts on their adaption of school life and the fourth hypothesis suggested that interpersonal relationships play a mediating role among the positive emotion’s effect on adaption of school life. Methods: A total of 800 structured questionnaires were distributed to eleven high schools with athletic class students for data collection with a valid return rate of 90.6%. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationship among them. Results: The result showed that positive emotion (β = 0.72, p < 0.05) and interpersonal relationships (β = 0.34, p < 0.05) had positive impacts on students’ adaption of school life with a predictive power of 68%. In addition, positive emotion also affected students’ school life adaption through interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive emotion can have significant influences on student athletes’ interpersonal relationships and school life adaption. Implications: According to our findings, we suggest to encourage and promote athletes’ positive emotions so to help them have better interpersonal relationships and school life adaption.

Influence of humor expression on suicidal ideation among adolescents: mediating effects of depressive emotion and positive emotion

BackgroundThe occurrence and degree of suicidal ideation during the past month in adolescents should be regarded seriously. Several studies have noted that humor expression style and depressive emotion may influence adolescents’ suicidal ideation. However, there is insufficient evidence concerning whether positive emotion reduces such suicidal ideation in adolescents. In addition, the relationships among humor expression, depressive emotion, positive emotion and suicidal ideation remain to be confirmed. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to test the mediating roles of depressive emotion and positive emotion in the relationship between humor expression and recent adolescent’s suicidal ideation.MethodsA total of 1551 students in junior high school completed questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.80 and Monte Carlo resampling with R.ResultsThe results indicate that suicidal ideation in adolescents during the past month was related not only to humor expression but also to depressive emotion and positive emotion. The stronger the depressive emotion felt, the stronger the suicidal ideation; in contrast, the stronger the positive emotion, the weaker the suicidal ideation. Moreover, depressive emotion and positive emotion were found to mediate the relationship between humor expression and suicidal ideation; additionally, positive emotion was found to mediate the relationship between depressive emotion and suicidal ideation.ConclusionThese results highlight that depressive emotion and positive emotion may mediate the influence of humor expression on suicidal ideation among adolescents, and positive emotion may mediate the influence of depressive emotion on suicidal ideation. More attention should be paid to decreasing adolescents’ self-deprecating humor expression and depressive emotion, whereas more witty response humor expression and positive emotion should be encouraged to prevent their suicidal ideation.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY EXPLOITATION: POSITIVE EMOTION AS MEDIATOR

Entrepreneurship education can facilitate students’ competency development and enhance their self-employment potential. Students’ involvement in entrepreneurship is influenced by their emotions, especially in the early stages of business start-ups. Without exploiting potential business opportunities, entrepreneurship will not occur. This study aims to determine positive emotion effects on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and business opportunity exploitation. The study’s sample comprise of 152 final year university students. A questionnaire-based survey was the main instrument employed and the hypotheses developed were tested using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. The findings show that the students’ action to exploit opportunities is significant, and is affected by the exposure to entrepreneurial learning and anticipated effect of positive emotion on entrepreneurship. This finding confirms that anticipated positive emotions are important throughout the entrepreneurial process and form a motivating factor to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, the result shows that positive emotions partially mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and opportunity exploitation. This study is important for students to experience a paradigm shift towards entrepreneurship and to encourage them to select entrepreneurship as a career option. Future studies could explore the effect of anticipated negative emotions among tertiary education students, and potential entrepreneurs.

Is positive emotion an amplifier or a buffer? It depends: Dialectical thinking moderates the impact of positive emotion on intergroup conflicts.

Positive emotions have been shown to shape individuals' reactions to intergroup conflicts, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. The current research hypothesizes that the impact of positive emotions would be moderated by dialectical thinking: beliefs about accepting contradiction and change. Experiencing positive emotions in an intergroup conflict may be perceived as unacceptable and evokes discomfort among nondialectical individuals, amplifying the negative reactions toward outgroup members. In contrast, because dialectical thinkers accept contradictory emotions, positive emotions may buffer against the adverse consequences of intergroup provocations. Study 1 confirmed this hypothesis by examining Chinese emotions in a real-life and a lab-induced intergroup conflict. Study 2 recruited Western participants and demonstrated that the moderating effect of dialectical thinking was evident only under a conflict-related context. Study 3 confirmed the causality by manipulating dialectical thinking in a historically enduring conflict. These findings suggest that enhancing dialectical thinking maximized the buffering effect of positive emotion against intergroup conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

커피전문점 인스타그램의 상호작용성과 사회적 실재감이 지속적 이용의도에 미치는 영향 : 긍정적 감정을 매개효과로

오늘날 통신기술의 발달로 원하는 장소, 원하는 시간에 언제든지 인터넷에 접속할 수 있는 통신망이 구축됨에 따라 국내 소셜네트워크서비스(Social Networking Service: SNS)는 인적 영역의 이상으로 기업과 사회에서 중요한 역할을 하고 앞으로 그 중요성은 더욱 커질 것이다. 본 연구에서는 소셜네트워크 서비스 중 최근 급속도로 이용률이 증가한 ‘이미지 기반 SNS인 인스타그램(Instargram)’을 활용하고 있는 커피전문점 계정 이용자를 대상으로 상호작용성과 사회적 실재감이 지속적 이용의도에 미치는 인과관계에 대하여 실증분석하고, 더불어 계정 이용자의 긍정적 감정의 매개효과 여부를 확인하였다. 연구 결과 커피전문점 계정에서 인식하는 상호작용성은 사회적 실재감, 긍정적 감정, 지속적 이용의도에 각각 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 긍정적 감정을 매개하여 지속적 이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 이중매개효과를 살펴본 결과 상호작용성은 사회적 실재감과 긍정적 감정을 경유하여 지속적 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 현재 새롭게 대두되고 있는 마케팅 수단인 인스타그램 커피전문점 계정을 대상으로 연구를 진행하여 상호작용성, 사회적 실재감, 긍정적 감정, 지속적 이용의도의 인과관계를 실증하였다. 이를 바탕으로 커피전문점 인스타그램 이용자의 인스타그램의 지속적 이용의도를 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 긍정적 감정 관리의 필요성 제시 및 마케팅 커뮤니케이션으로서 SNS의 전략적 활용 등 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

Post-encoding positive emotion impairs associative memory for English vocabulary.

There is evidence that emotion induced during encoding impairs associative memory (e.g., Bisby, Horner, Bush, & Burgess, 2018), yet the effect of post-encoding emotion (particularly positive emotion) on associative memory remains largely unclear. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of post-encoding positive emotion on associative memory for English vocabulary. In Experiment 1, high school students memorized Chinese definitions of a list of English words, immediately recalled the Chinese definitions, watched a neutral or comic video, and took a delayed memory test 25 minutes after encoding. The result showed a significant impairing effect of post-encoding positive emotion on memory for Chinese definitions. In Experiment 2, primary school students encoded English words with their associative pictures, took an immediate test where, on each trial, they were asked to choose the correct English word that matches a picture. Following the test, they watched a neutral or comic video, and took a memory test 10 minutes after encoding. Consistent with Experiment 1, Experiment 2 showed an impairing effect of positive emotion. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that post-encoding positive emotion can impair associative memory, providing important implications for acquisition of vocabulary of English as a foreign language.