Effects Of Plastic Surgery Research Articles

“Normal” breast dimensions in obese women—reference values and the effect of weight loss

BackgroundBreast hypertrophy may cause significant suffering, such as back- and breast pain, painful shoulder groves, and eczemas. Furthermore, women with breast hypertrophy may have lower quality of life than women without breast hypertrophy. Although 50% of the women undergoing breast reduction in the US have body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, the current standard of normality is based on studies focusing on women <40 years of age and BMIs <25 kg/m2. This study aimed to present reference values for breast measurements for women with obesity and to investigate the relationship between BMI loss and each breast measurement. Materials and methodsOne hundred and six women underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants' breast anthropometrics were measured before and after bariatric surgery and their perception of the skin on their breasts was measured using the Sahlgrenska Excess Skin Questionnaire. ResultsBreast volume, sternal notch to nipple (SNN) distance, and ptosis increased significantly with increasing BMI. For instance, women with BMIs between 30–34.9 kg/m2 have a mean breast volume of approximately 770 ml, those with BMIs of 40–44.9 kg/m2 have approximately 1150 ml, and those with BMIs above 50 kg/m2 have approximately 1400 ml. Furthermore, the percent change in the respective breast measurements relative to percent BMI change can be predicted, for instance, with a 20% reduction in BMI, the breast volume, SNN-distance, and ptosis decrease by 25%, 4%, and 20% respectively. ConclusionsThis article presents the first standard of normality for breast anthropometrics in women with obesity and a model for predicting the change in breast anthropometrics relative to BMI. Clinical trial registrationThis is a longitudinal observation study, registered https://fou.nu/is/gsb/ansokan/49651, No: VGFOUGSB-49651.Trial registry name: “Överskottshud efter överviktskirurgi – dess utveckling samt behov och effekt av plastikkirurgi” (“Excess skin after bariatric surgery – its development and the need and effect of plastic surgery”).

Juvenile gigantomastia: Subcutaneous mastectomy with primary reconstruction

Introduction. Gigantomastia is one of the most severe anomalies of the female breasts and is caused by their pathological enlargement. Juvenile gigantomastia (JG) of the breasts is a rare disease of an unknown etiology characterized by a sudden and alarmingly rapid, continued growth of the breasts in puberty. Case report. We present two patients with massive bilateral JG. Both patients had normal hormonal status and denied any other health issues, including a positive family history of gigantomastia. The skin overlying the breasts was red, without ulcerations, and with visibly enlarged superficial veins. The nipples were not well defined from the surrounding skin and were positioned below the level of the umbilicus. Patients were successfully treated with a surgical technique consisting of a bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy with the primary reconstruction of the breasts using polyurethane implants and reconstruction of the nipple by the free nipple graft technique. The histopathological reports from both patients? biopsy specimens presented diffuse hyperplasia of the glandular and stromal tissue. Both patients had excellent esthetic results with minimally visible postoperative scars. Conclusion. Surgical management of JG is the primary means of treatment. This paper presents significant results and effects of plastic surgery, and the applied surgical method can be recommended for the successful management of JG.

Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

A cross-sectional survey was administered to adults in the United States using Amazon Mechanical Turk in December 2021 to assess public perceptions of climate change, healthcare, and plastic surgery. Incomplete responses were excluded from analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of responses. There were 890 complete responses. Most participants strongly agreed or agreed that climate change is happening (89%). Fewer believed that healthcare has an impact on climate change (62%), with greater odds among respondents with an associate's degree or higher (odds ratio 2.8, P < 0.001). After they were given information about the impact of healthcare on climate change, most respondents were more worried about the effects of cosmetic plastic surgery (64%). Many respondents would be willing to engage in personal climate change mitigation measures if undergoing surgery and pay higher professional fees to support sustainable hospital practices. Most Americans believe climate change is happening, but fewer believe healthcare has an impact on climate change. Knowledge regarding the impact of healthcare and surgery on climate change may make patients more worried about the effects of plastic surgery on climate change, but patients may be willing to personally mitigate climate impacts of surgery.

A new classification method of eyelid divided nevi and the effect of plastic surgical treatment

Objective: To classify the eyelid divided nevi using a new classification method, and to observe the distribution characteristics and surgical effects of these nevi. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Thirty-nine cases (39 eyes) of eyelid divided nevus treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected between October 2015 and January 2020. A new classification method, namely traditional classification combined with aesthetic unit classification, was used to classify eyelid divided nevi. According to different classifications, the corresponding surgical treatment methods were adopted. The distribution characteristics of different types of eyelid divided nevi were summarized, as well as the effects of plastic surgery. Results: Thirty-nine patients were affected unilaterally, including 26 females (67%) and 13 males (33%), aged (31.1±17.8) years. There were 5 cases (13%) of localized, 6 cases (15%) of a moderate range and 2 cases (5%) of a large range medial eyelid divided nevus respectively. There were 6 cases (15%) of localized and 3 cases (8%) of a moderate range central eyelid divided nevus, respectively. There were 4 cases (10%) of localized and 6 cases (15%) of a moderate range lateral eyelid divided nevus, respectively. There were 2 cases (5%) of a moderate range and 5 cases (13%) of a large range total eyelid divided nevus, respectively. Pathological results revealed 20 cases of intradermal nevus (51%), 18 cases of compound nevus (46%) and 1 case of boundary nevus (3%). After 6 months to 2 years of observation, the patients' appearance was satisfactory. The treatment results were excellent in 36 cases (92%) and good in 3 cases (8%). Even though the pigmented nevus at the eyelid margin recurred in two cases (5%), there was no recurrence after reoperation. Conclusions: Medial and moderate-range eyelid divided nevi are more common, and the traditional classification combined with aesthetic unit classification is more accurate for the classification of eyelid divided nevi. Different types of eyelid divided nevi can be treated by corresponding surgical methods with satisfactory results.

Plastic Surgery Improves Baseline Anxiety in Males Having Lesions on Face

Background: Congenital and acquired lesions both cause marked elevation in anxiety due to decreased self-esteem and confidence. Plastic surgery can address and markedly improve the anxiety level by addressing such lesions. Medical and surgical concerns related to body may elevate baseline anxiety. Although females are more concerned and fretful about such lesions, we observed that males are also prone to similar levels of anxiety. Objective: The objective of the study is to find out effect of plastic surgery on anxiety level of males having facial lesions. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Plastic Surgery Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan from Feb 2018 to Jan 2019 and 100 male patients with either congenital or acquired lesions of face were enrolled and operated. Anxiety level was rated by applying Hamilton anxiety scale immediate preoperatively and satisfaction along with quality of scar was noted after 2 months. Results: 53% of enrolled patients were having educational status above secondary school, 63% patients were from urban, 56% patients were below 27 years of age, 44% were above 27 years of age and 33% were married. Trauma was the cause of lesion in 61% while 13% were with Rhomberg disease and 26% with congenital lesions disorder. Majority of patients had lesion involving forehead. On Hamilton anxiety scale, pre-operative anxiety score was high (21.76±5.846) as compared to&#x0D; postoperative score (10.04±4.537). Scar scoring with Vancouver Scar Scale was 4.36±1.798 post operatively. Majority of patients showed significant improvement in anxiety scores post operatively. Conclusion: Irrespective of age, socioeconomic status and education level, lesions involving face elevated baseline anxiety&#x0D; in males. Plastic surgery addresses these concerns permanently resulting in marked improvement in anxiety level.

CASE ANALYSIS OF RATNA SARUMPAET IN SPREADING FAKE NEWS FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY PERSPECTIVE

Ratna Sarumpaet lied to the public and to herself as if she was being mistreated by someone else which caused her face to become bruised. It was later discovered that it was the effect of plastic surgery. There are 2 formulations of the problems discussed including: 1) What is the criminal responsibility for the perpetrators of the crime of spreading false news? and 2) What is the responsibility for the fake news that Ratna Sarumpaet has committed? The research method used by the author is a normative juridical method, literature review which collects primary secondary and tertiary legal materials to be analyzed in perspective. There are two laws regulated in the Criminal Code in general and the ITE Law in particular in ensnaring Ratna Sarumpaet

A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Real and Apparent Age Estimation in Unconstrained Face Images

Real and apparent age estimation of human face has attracted increased attention due to its numerous real-world applications. Different intelligent application scenarios can benefit from these computer-based systems that predict the ages of people correctly. Automatic apparent age system is particularly useful in medical diagnosis, facial beauty product development, movie role casting, the effect of plastic surgery, and anti-aging treatment. Predicting the real and apparent age of people has been quite difficult for both machines and humans. More recently, Deep learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) methods have been extensively used for these classification task. It has incomparable advantages in extracting discriminative image features from human faces. However, many of the existing CNN-based methods are designed to be deeper and larger with more complex layers that makes it challenging to deploy on mobile devices with resource-constrained features. Therefore, we design a lightweight CNN model of fewer layers to estimate the real and apparent age of individuals from unconstrained real-time face images that can be deployed on mobile devices. The experimental results, when analyzed for classification accuracy on FG-NET, MORPH-II and APPA-REAL, with large-scale face images containing both real and apparent age annotations, show that our model obtains a state-of-the-art performance in both real and apparent age classification when compared to state-of-the-art methods. The new results and model size, therefore, confirm the usefulness of the model on resource-constrained mobile devices.

The Dubious Enhancement: Making South Korea a Plastic Surgery Nation

This study investigates the widely recognizable discourse that characterizes South Korea as a plastic surgery nation by tracing media coverage of plastic surgery as published in two major Korean newspapers from 1960 to 2009.This study attempts to enrich our understanding of plastic surgery in modern times within the Korean context by delineating three distinctive periods of plastic surgery: legitimization (1960–79), popularization (1980–99), and industrialization (2000s). I show how the discourse of South Korea as a plastic surgery nation is both a local and a global construction. This paper further aims to deepen our understanding of enhancement technology by showing how the plastic surgery discourse in South Korea demonstrates the permeability of the boundaries between therapy and enhancement, bodily and social enhancement, and the individual and collective body. While the discourse has reinforced these complementary and intertwined relationships, what enhancement means for whom has not been questioned. I argue that statistics have variously been used to proclaim the ubiquity of plastic surgery, which works to “make up people” without attending to the actual experiences and effects of plastic surgery, either for individuals or the nation. In this way, the characterization of South Korea as a plastic surgery nation is a dubious construction.

Implementierung einer universitären Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie in eine Klinik für Unfallchirurgie

Since May 2012 plastic surgery for trauma patients at the University Hospital Leipzig is provided by an autonomous department. This study analyzed the effect of plastic surgery on the changes in diagnosis-related groups (DRG) at a clinic for trauma surgery. Within the first 2 years 37 patients (29 male and 8 female of which 38 were inpatient cases) were admitted to the clinic for trauma surgery and additionally received plastic surgery treatment. The appropriate DRG assignment as well as associated codes and revenues were recorded and compared with and without plastic surgery. A total of 261 operations were performed on these patients of which 71 were performed by the department of plastic surgery. The mean revenue was 22,156.44 EUR±20,578.22 EUR with a mean cost weighting of 7.2±6.7. Excluding plastic surgery treatment the mean revenue was 19,378.44 EUR±20,688.40 EUR and the mean cost weighting was 6.3±6.7. Thus, additional proceeds by the plastic surgery treatment were 2778.00 EUR±3857.01 EUR per case. The mean increase of the cost weighting was 0.9±1.3. A change of the DRG grouping occurred in 20 out of 38 cases treated. The mean length of stay (LoS) was 40.2±26.6 days. In the first year this was 17.9±22.4 days more than the mean national LoS of the appropriate DRG and 10.9±19.3 days in the second year. This means an average cost reduction of 4774.59 EUR per case. The implementation of a department for plastic surgery increased the revenues. Additional profits should be achieved by process enhancement and not by prolonged LoS.

Emotional effects of plastic surgery on the adolescent with a cleft.

Issues related to the emotional effects of surgery on the adolescent are reviewed in this paper. Psychological aspects of the preoperative preparation of the adolescent and family are discussed. Caution is suggested regarding overgeneralizations from the sometimes conflicting data in the literature, reviewed here, on social aspects of physical appearance. An outline of a plan for the work-up of an adolescent undergoing appearance changing surgery is presented. The importance of communication and patience in approaching the adolescent is stressed.

Emotional Effects of Plastic Surgery on the Adolescent with a Cleft

Emotional Effects of Plastic Surgery on the Adolescent with a Cleft

Changing the Body: Psychological Effects of Plastic Surgery; After Plastic Surgery: Adaptation and Adjustment; The Patient and the Plastic Surgeon

Changing the Body: Psychological Effects of Plastic Surgery; After Plastic Surgery: Adaptation and Adjustment; The Patient and the Plastic Surgeon

Changing the Body: Psychological Effects of Plastic Surgery

Changing the Body: Psychological Effects of Plastic Surgery

Physical appearance and criminality

Throughout the history of psychology the controversial belief in a relationship between physical appearance and criminality has reared its ugly head! Though modern criminologists do not believe that criminals belong to a single physical type, it is possible that the general public, the police, juries, and so forth, may believe in such relationships and act accordingly. The present paper describes some investigations of the extent to which the general public and the police believe that ‘the face fits the crime’. Studies of the facial appearance of prison inmates are reviewed, as is research on the effects of plastic surgery on prison recidivism rates. The relationship between children’s physical appearance and behavioural abnormalities is discussed, as is the literature on the way that we react to children as a function of their facial appearance. Studies concerning society’s reactions to facial disfigurement are presented to show that there may be some support for Cavior, Hayes and Cavior’s (1975) view that ‘low physical attractiveness contributes to careers of deviancy’.

Social Restoration Research Center

The Surgical and Social Rehabilitation of Adult Offenders Project (SSR) is a three-year experimental research program initiated two years ago and designed to evaluate the rehabilitative effects of plastic surgery on disfigured prison inmates.The subjects were inmates of the New York City correctional system who requested cosmetic or reconstructive operations during their incarceration. Operations were performed after the inmates were released from custody. The 237 subjects, aged 21 to 50, were predominantly chronic misdemeanants, and more than two-thirds were narcotic addicts. Table 1 presents some demographic characteristics of the subjects.