Effect Of Planting Date Research Articles

Variations in soybean nutritional and anti‐nutritional quality based on location and planting dates

SummarySoybeans (Glycine max) are a preferred source of plant‐based proteins and oil in various applications in foods and feeds. When soybean is converted to soybean meal (SBM), the quality is determined by the protein content and its digestibility. Protein digestibility is reduced by anti‐nutritional factors like trypsin inhibitors (TI) and processing. The abundant genetic variations in soybean germplasm affect the quantitative trait of protein content. This study analysed the effect of location and planting dates on genetically identical soybeans grown in North Carolina (NC) and then compared the nutritional traits to similar commonly grown soybean varieties in other locations in the USA. The soybeans were analysed using NIRS and wet chemistry. It was found that soybean protein content ranged from 38.14% to 44.92% among the different varieties grown in three different locations in NC. Similarly, TI levels ranged between 28.22 and 33.11 mg g−1 among these varieties. The same varieties, when planted as either a full season or double crop, had different TI levels and were also impacted by planting location. However, there were no significant differences in the TI levels between the varieties and planting seasons. Furthermore, no significant difference in protein content among the varieties within the planting dates was found. Compared to soybeans grown in other parts of the USA, the average crude protein (CP) content was similar to those grown in Arkansas and Minnesota. The TI levels were significantly higher than those grown in Ohio, similar to that of Arkansas, and significantly lower than that of Minnesota.

Planting date and tillage effects on yield and nutrient uptake of two sorghum cultivars grown in sub-humid and semi-arid regions in South Africa

IntroductionSorghum is emerging as a viable crop option to increase food production under changing climate due to its resilience to drought and marginal soils. Appropriate planting date, crop cultivars, type of tillage and rotations, under contrasting climatic conditions, could make significant contribution on the effective management of sorghum under changing climatic conditions. A short-term study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting date, crop cultivar, tillage type and rotations on the growth and primary nutrient uptake of sorghum in contrasting climatic regions.MethodsThe study was conducted in Free State - (FS) and KwaZulu Natal (KZN) Provinces of South Africa over two seasons (2020/21 and 2021/22). The two cultivars (Pan8816 and Macia) were sown in December (PD1) and in January (PD2) under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) and with two rotations (Sorghum-Cowpea-Sorghum and Sorghum-Sorghum-Sorghum) resulting in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment.Results and discussionIn KZN, in both the first (2020/21) and second (2021/22) seasons, the effects of all the factors, except cultivar in the second season, were not significant on yield, and uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). In the second season, Pan8816 (4.40 t/ha) produced 3.3 times higher yield than Macia (1.32 t/ha), and took up higher N, K and P. In FS, the early planted sorghum (1.15 t/ha for season one; 3.39 t/ha for season two) had significantly higher yield than late planted sorghum (0.434 and 0.91 t/ha for seasons one and two, respectively). Furthermore, the early-planted crops took up higher N, K and P than when planted late, while Pan8816 took up 1.74 times more P than Macia. Plants grown under CT (2.61 t/ha) produced significantly higher yield than under NT (1.70 t/ha), with plants under CT taking up significantly more K than those grown on NT. These findings suggest that in the drier FS, early planting under conventional tillage, while in the wetter KZN, selecting the appropriate cultivar (PAN8816), are essential for sorghum grain yield, at least in the short-term.

Examining the Effects of Diverse Irrigation Regimens and Planting Timelines on Wheat Growth, Yield, and Yield Characteristics

In the Rabi season spanning 2021 to 2022, a field trial was carried out on sandy loam soil. at a research station near the Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar (India). Positioned at a latitude of 25°98' N and a longitude of 85°66' E. the experimental plot ascended to an elevation of 52.3 meters above mean sea level. The primary objective was to assess the effects of different irrigation levels and planting dates on the development, yield, and yield characteristics of wheat. The investigation included four irrigation management protocols (irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 IW/CPE) assigned to the main plot, along with four sowing dates (15 Nov, 30 Nov, 15 Dec, and 30 Dec) allocated to the sub plot. This layout was replicated thrice in a split-plot configuration. The results indicated that the maximum values of growth factors (specifically plant height), yield factor (effective tillers/m2), and yield (both grain and straw) were observed when irrigation was administered at 1.2 IW/CPE (I4). This method, statistically comparable to irrigation at 1 IW/CPE (I3), exhibited notable superiority over the other treatments. Conversely, the minimum values of plant height, effective tillers/m2, grain yield, and straw yield were documented under the irrigation regimen of 0.6 IW/CPE (I1).

Effect of planting dates and some growth stimulants on growth and productivity of chia plant

Effect of planting dates and some growth stimulants on growth and productivity of chia plant

Effect of Different Planting Dates of Maize on Infestation of Stem Borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe)

The studies were carried out at the School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Medziphema campus, Nagaland University during 2019. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design (SPD) having three replications. The cultivars viz., Zarsi, Sipho, Ronimi, Khoi and HQPM-1 were sown on 3 different dates i.e., 6th March, 21st March and 5th April. Among the five cultivars used the local cultivar ‘Sipho’was found to be the most tolerant and performed better than the composite variety ‘HQPM-1’ and the different dates of sowing, 5th April was found to be the most successful with the least infestation by Chilo partellus. The maize sown on 21st March recorded the highest grain yield (4.12 t/ha). Among the four cultivars and one composite variety evaluated, the highest grain yield was recorded from cultivar Sipho with 4.13 t/ha, while the lowest from cultivar Ronimi with 3.11 t/ha.

Effects of planting date and growth environment on production of seed tubers from true potato seed (TPS)

Effects of planting date and growth environment on production of seed tubers from true potato seed (TPS)

Effect of potassium nitrate, licorice extract and planting date on field emergence and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in spring season

Low temperature and high relative humidity in the spring season led to decrease of field emergence ratio and growth in maize. Planting dates and seeds stimulation can be appropriate fix. Field experiment was conducted in the two spring seasons of 2022 and 2023. Randomize complete block design with split-plot arrangement and four replications was used. Planting date treatments (February 15th, March 1st and 15th and April 1st, 15th) were placed in main plots. Seeds stimulation treatments (potassium nitrate 6 mg L−1 + licorice extract 6 g L−1 as well as treatment of soaking with distilled water only) were placed in subplots. Seeds stimulation (potassium nitrate+licorice extract) or planting date of February 15th were superior at traits of field emergence ratio, days to 75% tassel and silk, days to physiological and full maturity, leaf area index, plant dry weight and crop growth rate in both seasons. Interaction treatment of stimulation (potassium nitrate+licorice extract) and planting date of February 15th excelled at traits above (86.2 and 86.9%), (87.0 and 86.0 day), (91.2 and 91.0 day), (113.5 and 110.0 day), and (113.5 and 110.0 day), respectively. It can be concluded that seed stimulation contributes to enhancing plant growth in adverse conditions in the spring season by increasing the field emergence ratio and plant growth rate over a wide range of environmental conditions. Determining the appropriate planting date contributes to utilizing the prevailing environmental conditions and raising the efficiency of metabolic processes in increasing plant dry weight. Also, using natural materials to stimulate seeds to withstand adverse conditions, which boosts the concept of sustainable agriculture. It can be recommended soaking the seeds with potassium nitrate+licorice extract when planting in the spring season.

Effects of set size and planting date on yield, quality and shelf life of kharif onion under low hill region of himachal pradesh

The experiment was conducted at an experimental farm to find out the optimum set size and suitable planting date of onion during kharif season for obtaining the maximum yield. The trials had three replications and 16 treatment combinations on Agrifound Dark Red. The treatments included four set sizes (small 1-1.5cm, medium 1.5-2.0cm, large 2.0-2.5cm, and extra large >2.5cm) and four planting dates (July 10, July 25, August 10, and August 25). The treatment combination of 1.5-2.0cm set size and 10th August planting was advantageous for several characteristics. Small sets (1-1.5 cm) produced small bulbs and also the yield was reduced. Large and exceptionally large size sets (2.0-2.5cm and >2.5cm) produced more twins, triplets, split bulbs, and bolting, which were undesirable features. Considering net profit and economic yields, medium set size and planting on August 10th was found to be more profitable (1: 3.84). Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 17-23, 2024 (March)

Seedcorn maggot response to planting date, cover crops, and tillage in organic cropping systems.

Seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is an economically important early-season pest of corn and soybean in the United States. Adult seedcorn maggot is attracted to decomposing plant residues for oviposition, creating potential management issues where growers typically use tillage to incorporate fertility amendments and to create a seedbed. The use of growing degree-day models to time planting dates is an important tool for effectively managing this pest, but their use has not been examined in organic crop production. Here, we report the results of experiments to determine the effects of cover crops, tillage, and relative planting date on seedcorn maggot in corn and soybean in 2 experiments: The first during the transition to organic from conventional management and the second during the 3 yr following organic certification in central Pennsylvania, United States. Overall, delaying the planting date by 1-2 wk reduced fly emergence in corn, but not in soybean in both experiments. Seedcorn maggot emergence was also consistently greater in corn than in soybean, with 6 times more flies in corn than in soy. About 15 times more seedcorn maggot flies emerged from corn in treatments in which cover crops were managed with tillage compared to treatments in which cover crops were terminated with a roller-crimper followed by no-till planting of corn. Fly emergence was negatively related to the proportion of legumes in the cover crop mixture preceding corn. These results can help inform soil, cover crop, and crop decisions for organic growers in the Mid-Atlantic United States.

In‐field climatic factors driving Sclerotinia head rot progression across different sunflower planting dates

AbstractSclerotinia head rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major disease limiting sunflower production in tropical and subtropical agroecological zones. Sporadic outbreaks across South Africa have resulted in major losses, yet little is known about the in‐field climatic factors driving this infection. Short‐interval, staggered plantings have been proposed as a control method for Sclerotinia head rot, which help to limit the number of plants in a susceptible developmental stage during conducive environmental conditions. However, this complicates field management practices, especially if working at the fringes of a planting window due to delayed rains. This study aimed to investigate the effect of planting date on Sclerotinia head rot progression in monthly plantings across the summer period. Artificial mycelial plug inoculations were performed at the R5.9 flowering stage in an open field. Disease establishment, progression and severity were monitored at 3‐day intervals for 30 days. We show that disease establishment was delayed by low relative humidity or extreme low temperatures in the January and March planting dates where the first lesions were only observed 6 days post‐inoculation. Consistently high temperatures above 27°C also suppressed disease progression and produced low area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores of 75.15 and 29.4 for the October and November planting dates, respectively. These findings suggest that regardless of season or location, selecting a planting date that ensures the sunflower bloom period aligns with the hottest, driest part of the season will probably suppress Sclerotinia head rot in regions with average summer highs above 27°C.

Relationship between weather factors and planting dates with references to growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2016–17 and 2017–18 at the research farm of the Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to quantify the effect of different planting dates on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. The experiment comprised 12 treatment combinations involving 4 date of sowing, viz. D1 , 8 October; D2 , 22 October; D3 , 5 November and D4 , 15 November as main plot treatment and viz. 3 varieties V1 , ‘Kufri Bahar’, V2 , ‘Kufri Pushkar’ and V3 , ‘Kufri Surya’, as sub-plot treatment in a split-plot design, replicated 4 times. The maximum tuber yield was recorded in D2 (21.9 tonnes/ha) as compared to the other sowing dates and the lowest in D4 (16.5 tonnes/ha). Among the varieties, ‘Kufri Pushkar’ had a significantly higher tuber yield (23.2 tonnes/ha) than ‘Kufri Bahar’ (18.0 tonnes/ha) and ‘Kufri Surya’ (16.6 tonnes/ha) during the crop season. Plant height, dry matter accumulation and biological yield were positively correlated with wind speed, rainfall and rainy days. The number of leaves/plant and leaf-area index (LAI) was significantly, negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures, whereas it showed significant positive correlations with wind speed. Evening relative humidity was also positively correlated with LAI and tuber yield of potatoes. However, improved cultivars along with ideal planting windows at micro-level identification were the best way to mitigate the challenges posed by the climate in potatoes in near future.

Effect of Planting Dates on Qualitative Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2022-2023 at the research station of the Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University to study the effect of planting dates on the qualitative characteristics of each of the cultivated varieties to determine the best planting date for each variety and to find the best combination between (varieties x planting dates). The experiment was applied using the Split Plot Design method using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. Main plots included planting dates (Oct. 5, Oct. 25, Nov. 15, Dec. 5, Dec. 25) while sub-plots included wheat varieties (Ibaa99, Al-Rashid, Al-Baraka, Sham6, Tammuz2, Al-Hashimiyah, Al-Nour and Al-Adnaniyah). The results showed a significant effect of the variety treatments on all studied qualitative traits. Tammuz 2 variety was superior in the protein percentage and sedimentation volume (12.32% and 30.03 ml), respectively, Sham6 variety was superior in the wet and dry gluten percentage (36.64 and 12.30%, respectively), while Ibaa99 variety was superior in the ash and flour moisture percentage (1.91 and 9.60%, respectively). Planting date treatments had a significant effect on the qualitative characteristics of wheat varieties. Planting date treatment of Dec. 25 was superior by giving the best results for the protein percentage (12.05%), wet and dry gluten percentage (35.85 and 11.97%, respectively), ash percentage (1.76%), and sedimentation volume (28.92 ml). Also, the interaction between (varieties x planting dates) had a significant impact on the qualitative traits studied, the interaction treatment of (Tammuz2 x Dec. 25) was superior by giving the best results for the protein percentage (12.76%), the interaction of (Sham6 x Dec. 25) was superior in wet and dry gluten percentages (38.96 and 12.93%, respectively), and the interaction of (Ibaa99 x Nov. 15, Dec. 5 and Dec. 25) gave the highest values of ash percentage (1.96%), sedimentation volume (35.53ml) and flour moisture percentage (9.96%), respectively.

Influence of planting date, maturity group, and harvest timing on soybean yield and seed quality

AbstractAs in other soybean‐producing regions in the United States, planting date and maturity group (MG) are two of the most important factors, along with variety selection and timely harvest, that can set the stage to optimize soybean yield potential in Louisiana. Limited data are available on the effect of these factors along with harvest timing on soybean seed quality. Field studies evaluated the influence of planting date, MG, and harvest timing on soybean yield and seed quality at the Louisiana State University AgCenter Northeast, Macon Ridge, and Dean Lee Research Stations in 2018–2020. Soybean yield was optimized when MG 4 and 5 soybean varieties were planted between mid‐April and mid‐May. Earlier and later planting dates did not result in maximum yield. Planting date effects on seed quality, however, were negligible. Greatest soybean quality was obtained when planting relative maturities (RM) 5.4–6.0 soybean; however, as indicated in the planting date study, yield was not maximized. Planting RM 3.0–4.4 soybean varieties in Louisiana resulted in lower seed quality. Soybean varieties within RM 4.5–5.3 resulted in acceptable seed quality and maximum yield in Louisiana, assuming plants are harvested at the optimum harvest timing (when seed reaches 13% moisture) and not delayed 14–28 days.

Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on germinability and vigor of harvested seed

AbstractSeed is one of the most crucial inputs for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production due to its influence on plant population, uniformity, and yield, as well as its cost as an input. Seeds of good quality have high germinability and vigor, providing an adequate stand with uniformly good growth and development even under adverse conditions. This study aimed to measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on harvested seed mass, seed germinability, and seed vigor. Seeds were collected from a field experiment during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at two locations in Ohio: Western Agricultural Research Station and Northwest Agricultural Research Station. The study was conducted using a split‐plot randomized complete block design (planting date–whole plot; seeding rate–subplot) with four replications. Standard germination and accelerated aging tests were conducted in the laboratory using seeds harvested from the field study. All four site‐years demonstrated that planting soybean very late (June 16–July 1) produced lower weight seeds than the other planting dates. Across planting date and seeding rate treatments, the harvested seed germinability was ≥94%. However, soybean planted in early June (June 1–June 15) had the lowest seed vigor results (64%–81%) compared to other planting dates (80%–89%). Rainfall at R7–R8 development stages is negatively correlated with the seed vigor. The results will help seed producers optimize seed production and quality and suggest avoiding planting in June to increase harvested seed vigor.

The Effect of Planting Dates and Planting Methods on Cotton Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Moderate and Humid Climatic Conditions

otton is one of the most important crops in Golestan Province, Iran. The planting and harvesting date interferes with autumn crops such as wheat. A delay in planting cotton causes a decrease in yield. Transplanting cultivation can help to solve this problem. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out during two crop years in 2017 and 2018 in Iran, Golestan Province, Gorgan city, research station of Iraqi Mahlah in the form of a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design in four replications. Experimental treatments including planting dates at three levels including; Planting dates were May 27, June 16 and July 7 and planting methods were in seven levels (6 treatments using Transplanting and direct seeding methods). Quantitative traits including plant height, number of bolls per plant, lint weight per boll, lint yield and biological yield were measured along with cotton qualitative traits such as fiber length, stretch percentage, fiber fineness, fiber strength and uniformity index. Based on the results, the simple effect of planting dates, planting methods, as well as the interaction effect of planting dates × planting methods on all quantitative and qualitative traits were significant. Also, the interaction effect of year × planting date × planting method on the number of bolls per plant and biological yield was significant. The average lint yield in transplanting methods was 2256 kg per hectare and showed an increase of about 37% compared to direct seeding cultivation method. The best cultivation method it was that one with one seedling transplanted, the distance between the rows=75 cm and the distance on the rows=40 cm, the yields being higher as compared to other treatments. In general, the lint yield in direct seeding was much lower than the lint yield in transplanting cultivation. Also, the quality traits were affected by planting dates and planting methods, and in most cases, cotton quality traits were improved in the transplanting cultivation method. Therefore, if the cost of producing and transporting seedlings is economical, cotton transplanting is preferable to direct seeding cultivation.

Assessing Planting Date Effect on Soybean Yield and Dry Down for Different Maturity Groups and Planting Dates in Eastern Kansas

Assessing Planting Date Effect on Soybean Yield and Dry Down for Different Maturity Groups and Planting Dates in Eastern Kansas

Effect of planting date and bulb circumference width on bulblet yield of narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L.) flower

In this study, the effects of planting date and bulb circumference on bulb yield were investigated in Narcissus tazetta flower. Narcissus spring bulbs, which were picked from nature in August, were divided into three groups (12.1-14, 10.1-12 and 8.1-10 cm) according to their circumference and planted in open field at different dates (September, October and November). In the research, bulb sprout rate, bulb circumference increase, and bublet formation rate were determined. As a result of the study, the best planting date (September) in terms of bulb circumference increase values (15.25 cm) and bulblet formation number (1.39 per plant) was revealed as a result of the study. The highest bulb circumference increase rate (34%) was obtained from bulbs with a circumference of 8-10 cm, while the lowest value (25%) was obtained from bulbs with a circumference of 12-14 cm. In terms of bulblet formation rates, there was no difference between circumference length. In the light of these data, it has been determined that bulbs with a circumference of 8-10 and 10-12 cm should be used to increase the bulb circumference. Bulbs with a circumference of 12-14 cm and larger should be used to obtain bulblet.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS (ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES

For optimal maize yield, selecting the appropriate planting date based on a region's climatic conditions is crucial.
 This is especially true when considering the varying needs of different maize hybrids. To better understand the
 relationship between planting dates and yield for various maize hybrids, a study was conducted in Jiroft during
 2018 and 2019. This research examined ten maize hybrids across three distinct planting dates.The findings
 revealed that delaying the planting date reduced yield components, SPAD, GDD, oil percentage, and overall oil
 yield.Interestingly, the amino acid content increased with delayed planting. Among the hybrids, the 703 variant
 achieved its peak grain yield on July 18. In contrast, the lowest yield was recorded on August 1, marking a
 substantial 30.07% reduction in grain yield. These results underscore the significance of timely planting in
 maximizing both the yield and quality attributes of maize hybrids.

Effect of Planting Date and Spraying of Kinetin on some Growth and Flowering Characteristics of Fennel (foeniculum vulgar mill)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2021-2022 in Fallujah - Anbar Governorate located at 43 east longitude and 33 north latitude, in order to study the effect of three planting dates (15/11, 1/12 and 15/12) and three concentratin of kinetin (0, 75 and 150 mgl−1) on some growth and flowering characteristics of Fennel. were studied according to the split plot design according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three Replications, sowing dates occupied the main plot, while the concentrations of kinetin occupied the secondary plot. The results showed that there was a significant effect of planting dates, where the second date (1/12) was superior to giving it the highest average of plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf chlorophyll content, plant dry weight, and number of primary and secondary inflorescences per plant. Also, spraying with cyanine at a high concentration of 150 mg L−1 improved the characteristics of vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf content of chlorophyll, dry weight of the plant) and flowering characteristics (primary and secondary inflorescences). The interaction between the study factors was the behavior of the individual factors in their effect on most of the studied traits, where the positive effect was in the interaction treatment between the second date and the concentration of 150 mg L−1 by giving it the highest average number of main inflorescences in the plant (96.01 inflorescences−1).

Effect of Planting Date, Home Garden Direction, and Fertilizing with Compound Fertilizer (Hortifeeds) on the Number of Days Required for Flowering and on the Number of Flowers in the Middle of Each Month for Hybrid Carnation (Dianthus Chinensis X Barbatus)

The study was carried out in the field of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station belonging to the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk, located in the Al-Sayada area in Kirkuk Governorate, during the growing season from (9/15/2021) to (4/15/2022), to study the effect of planting dates. The first is (9/15/2021 and the second date is 9/30/2021), the direction of the home garden (south, east, and west) and fertilization with levels of compound fertilizer Hortifeeds that are (0, 1, 2, and 3) g.L−1 in growth and flowering Hybrid carnation plant (Dianthus chinensis x barbatus), The factorial experiment was carried out with a randomized complete design of three sectors, and the statistical analysis program (SAS) was used to analyse the data, and the Duncan polynomial test was adopted to compare averages at the 5% level.) The highest rates with a significant difference for the characteristics of the number of days required for flowering amounted to (136,860) days, the number of flowers for the month of January was (0.694) flower.plant−1, the number of flowers for the month of February was (7.238) flower.plant−1, and the number of flowers for the month of March was (41,632) flower Plant−1, while the number of flowers for the month of April did not reach the level of significant.