Effect Of Peeling Research Articles

The Potential of Banana kepok (Musa acuminata balbisiana Colla) skin on free fatty acid levels in oil

Physically, used cooking oil, which is an oil that has been damaged, can be seen from its brown color, rancid smell, thick, foamy and has a high free fatty acid content. This study aims to determine the potential effect of kepok banana peels (Musa acuminata balbisiana Colla) on free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil. The study used an experimental research design. Free fatty acid was measured by titration with the Alkalimetric method and expressed in percent.The mean free fatty acid level in used cooking oil without kepok banana peel powder was 0.993%, the mean free fatty acid content in used cooking oil with the application of kepok banana peel powder of 0.095%. After giving kepok banana powder, used cooking oil decreased rancidity, the color of brown cooking oil was brighter, the smell was fresher, indicating that there was a potential effect of kepok banana peel on free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil. There was a difference in the free fatty acid content of used cooking oil when kepok banana peel powder was administered (p=0.000).Administration of kepok banana peel powder affected reducing free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil.

The Effect of Shallot Peel (Allium ascalonicum L.) as a Natural Growth Regulatory Substance on Root Growth of Cassava Stem Cuttings (Manihot utilissima)

The effect of shallot peel (Allium ascalonicum L.) as a natural growth regulatory substance on root growth of cassava stem cuttings (Manihot utilissima). This study aims to determine the effect of shallot peel extract on root growth of cassava stem cuttings and determine the most effective treatment for root growth of cassava stem cuttings. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 1 factor, namely the treatment of shallot peel extract concentration which had 10 levels (concentration 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80 %, 90% and 100% of shallot peel extract) and 3 replicates. The variables observed in this study were the number of roots and the longest root length from the roots of cassava stem cuttings. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test and the HSD (Honestly Significance Different) follow-up test with an error rate of 5%. The results showed that the treatment of shallot peel extract had a significant effect on the root growth of cassava stem cuttings. The most effective concenstration of shallot peel for root number growth was 20%, while for root length growth the most effective concentration was 30%.

UJI PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KOMPOS ORGANIK DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction of various organic composts and banana peel POCs on the growth and production of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum). This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of two factors and 3 replications. The first factor was various organic compost (P), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0.600 (Vegetable Compost), 600 (Ketapang Compost), 600 (Straw Compost) g/plant and the second factor was banana peel organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0, 125, 250, and 375 ml/L of water. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of tillers (stem), the weight of wet safe (g), wet weight of rhizome (g), dry weight of rhizome (g), and harvest index (g). The data were statistically analyzed and continued to the BNJ test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction of various organic compost and banana peel POC treatments affected the number of clumps of tillers (stems), wet rhizome weight (g), wet rhizome weight (g), and dry rhizome weight (g). The best treatment was found on a combination of 600 g/Plot Straw Compost and Banana Peel POC with a dose of 375 ml/L water. The main effect of various organic composts affects all parameters of the observation with the best treatment was the 600 g/plant Ketapang Compost. The main effect of POC Banana Peel affected the observation parameters Wet rhizome Weight (grams), Wet Rhizome Weight (grams), Dry Rhizome Weight (grams), and Harvest Index. The best dose for POC Banana Peel Treatment ws 375 ml/L water.

Effect of potato peel on the determination of soluble solid content by visible near-infrared spectroscopy and model optimization.

The quantitative determination of the soluble solid content (SSC) of potatoes using NIR spectroscopy is useful for predicting the internal and external quality of potato products, especially fried products. In this study, the effect of peel on the partial least squares regression (PLSR) quantitative prediction of potato SSC was investigated by transmission and reflection. The results show that the variable sorting for normalization (VSN) pre-processing method improved model accuracy. Additive multiplicative scattering effects and intensity drift interference of the peels were reduced. The model accuracy reached a correlation coefficient of prediction (RP) of 0.85. The selection algorithm using variable combination population analysis and iterative retention of information variables (VCPA-IRIV) demonstrated that peel increases unnecessary information. When the effect of irrelevant variables was reduced, the results reached RP = 0.88 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.25 in the transmission mode was close to that of the full-wavelength peeled PLSR model (RP = 0.89 and RMSEP = 0.25). This indicates that the use of the combined algorithm (VSN-VCPA-IRIV) reduces the effect of the peel and enables samples with a peel to still be predicted accurately in the full-wavelength model. It also improves detection efficiency through the extraction of the necessary variables and optimizes the stability and accuracy of the model.

Ameliorative Effects of Jamun Seed (Syzygium cumini) and Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis) Extracts on Cadmium Induced Alterations in Blood Urea, Uric Acid and Creatinine of Rat

Ameliorative Effects of Jamun Seed (Syzygium cumini) and Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis) Extracts on Cadmium Induced Alterations in Blood Urea, Uric Acid and Creatinine of Rat

Effect of ILM Peeling on Anatomical and Visual Outcomes in Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment.

The objcetive is to compare the anatomic and functional outcomes of vitrectomy between internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and non-ILM peeling in diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Twenty-three eyes with diabetic TRD with ILM peeling were compared with twenty-four eyes with non-ILM peeling. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and end of follow-up. The mean retinal thickness across nine different regions that defined in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were obtained. The ETDRS grid was used to determine the extent of macular involvement. In the 1st month postoperatively, the mean BCVA of eyes with ILM peeling (1.08±0.63 LogMAR) was significantly better than eyes with ILM non-peeling (1.69±0.75 LogMAR, p=0.003). There was also a significant difference at 9 and 12 months between groups in BCVA, in favor of ILM peeling (p=0.012 and p=0.047, respectively). Seven patients (29.2%) developed epiretinal membrane (ERM), and one patient (4.1%) had ERM with the lamellar macular hole in the ILM non-peeling group, while only one patient developed ERM in ILM peeling group during the follow-up. ILM removal may be considered in diabetic TRD surgery, as it can provide rapid visual recovery. Moreover, post-operative ERM formation was less frequent in ILM peeled eyes within 1 year after surgery.

The effects of pomegranate peel added bread on anthropometric measurements, metabolic and oxidative parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties of antioxidant-rich bread made by adding pomegranate peels and their effects on anthropometric measurements and metabolic and oxidative parameters of individuals with type 2 diabetes after consumption. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 22 individuals aged between 19 and 64 years who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years, used only metformin, did not lose more than 10% of their body weight in the last 6 months, and had a body mass index of ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. While the study group (n = 11) consumed bread containing 500 mg pomegranate peel daily for 8 wk, the control group (n = 11) consumed standard bread. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic and oxidative parameters of individuals were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. Decreases were detected in the waist circumference, waist/hip and waist/height ratios, body fat percentages, blood pressure, and serum insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the individuals in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Pomegranate peel consumption by individuals with type 2 diabetes may have positive effects on anthropometric measurements and glycemic and lipid parameters.

The Effectiveness of Active Carbon Adsorbent of Cassava Peel (Manihot Esculenta Cranzts) in Reduce Level of Chromium Metal in Tannery Liquid Waste

This study aims to determine the characteristics, the effect of mass variation, the percentage of adsorption effectiveness of cassava peel activated carbon activated with 0.5 M HCl and activated with 0.5 M H2SO4 on the adsorption of Cr metal in leather tanning wastewater and its morphology. The subject of this research is the adsorbent of cassava peel before it is asctivated, activated by chloric acid 0,5 M, and activated by sulfuric acid 0,5 M. meanwhile the object of this research is the effectiviness of cassava peel adsorbeny in reduscing chromium metal content in tannery liquid waste. Cassava pell was carbonized at 500 oC for 1 hour. The cassava peel carbon was characterized according to SNI 06-3730-1995. The adsorption process is performed by batch method. Analysis was performed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer, PSA, and SEM-EDX. The result of the characterization of cassava peel carbon showed that the moisture content, ash content, adsorption capacity of I2 met SNI, meanwhile the carbon contenr and volatile matter conten did not met SNI. The adsorption efficiency of kromium metal is 95.97% for carbon before activated, 95.33% for carbon activated by chloroc acid, and 96.65% for carbon activated by sulfuric acid. The result of PSA size of cassava peel adsorbent before activated by chloric acid and sulfuric acid were 34.484 µm, 42.504 µm, and 37.059 µm respectively. Cassave peel adsorbent has a Langmuir adsorption type. The SEM-EDX result showed that the adsorbent from cassava peel had a dissimiliar pore shape

Effects of Fermented Citrus Peel on Ameliorating Obesity in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet.

Although citrus peel is a waste material, it contains a variety of bioactive components. As our preliminary findings showed that citrus peels fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae T1 contained increased levels of anti-obesity flavonoids, the objective of this study was to prepare fermented citrus peel and to investigate its effect on ameliorating obesity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). After fermentation, the amounts of limonene, nobiletin and 3-methoxynobiletin in citrus peel were markedly increased. SD rats were fed with an HFD for 10 weeks, followed by fermented citrus peel-containing HFD (0.3% or 0.9% w/w) for 6 weeks. Compared with those fed with an HFD alone, lower levels of body weight, visceral fat, body fat percentage, blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde and hepatic adipose accumulation were observed in rats fed with fermented citrus peel. In parallel, hepatic levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were diminished, and the level of hormone sensitivity lipase in visceral fat was elevated. These results reveal fermented citrus peel is a promising natural product with beneficial effects of alleviating HFD-induced obesity.

Visualizing Reversible Cisternal Stacking in Budding Yeast Pichia pastoris.

Cisternal stacking is reversible, initiated at the "cis" side of the Golgi, and gets undone at the "trans" side in a continuous cycle in tune with the cisternal maturation. TGN peeling is a hallmark of such reversible cisternal stacking, but its visualization is challenging. In wild-type cells, TGN peeling of Golgi stack happens at a lower frequency, but the event itself occurs very rapidly, making it difficult to detect by microscopy. However, we have documented that TGN peeling becomes frequent in mutants of factors that play a role in reversible cisternal stacking, such as the GRIP domain Golgin PpImh1, Arl3, or Arl1 GTPase. In the present context, we describe the quantitative live microscopic methodology to visualize the TGN peeling effect in Pichia pastoris.

Enhanced fermentative hydrogen production from potato waste by enzymatic pretreatment

ABSTRACT Biological pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have a potential role in the economic production of sugars and fuels from starch biomass. In this study, the Inoculum/Substrate (I/S) ratio effect and enzymatic pretreatments of potato peels for biohydrogen production in batch reactors were investigated. Two enzymes, α-Amylase and Cellulase, were tested separately and coexistent. Results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis using α-Amylase in mesophilic conditions enhanced carbohydrate concentration from 24.10 g/L to 53.47 g/L, whereas, the use of Cellulase and equi-volumetric mixture of both tested enzymes resulted in 47.16 and 48.16 g/L, respectively. The maximum biohydrogen cumulative production of 263 mL (equivalent to 430.37 mL H2/gVSadded) was obtained using the optimum I/S ratio of 1/6 gVS/gVS at pH 5.5 and incubation temperature of 55°C after 20 days of dark fermentation of potato waste without enzymatic treatment. Under the same operating conditions of the I/S ratio, pH, temperature and the best enzymatic treatment (3 h of substrate enzymatic hydrolysis by α-Amylase), the maximum yield of biohydrogen was 1088 mL (1780.39 mL H2/gVSadded). The enzymatic hydrolysis method adopted in this study can make overall biohydrogen production an effective process. The modified Gompertz model was found to be an adequate fit for biohydrogen production.

Comparative study on the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of NiW and NiCoW composite coatings with micro- and nano-SiC particles

Wear resistance and corrosion resistance are important properties to evaluate the quality of metal matrix composite coatings. In this paper, micro-SiC (mSiC), and nano-SiC (nSiC) particles enhanced NiW and NiCoW composite coatings are direct current electrodeposited from sulfate-citrate electrolytes with SiC concentration from 0 to 80 g/L. This work provides a comparative study on the surface morphology, microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of NiW/mSiC, NiCoW/nSiC and NiCoW/mSiC composite coatings. Results show that mSiC and nSiC have a little effect on the microhardness of NiW and NiCoW coatings, which are all around 600 HV 0.05 . While high content of the incorporated mSiC particles can reduce the oxidative wear and peeling effect, then greatly decrease the wear rate of NiCoW composites from 15×10 -6 to 3×10 -6 mm 3 ∙m -1 ∙N -1 . In addition, the corrosion resistance of NiW and NiCoW can also be improved by mSiC and reaches the best properties at the SiC concentration of 10 g/L. In contrast, nSiC do not contribute to obvious enhancement of wear resistance and corrosion resistance due to the lower content of nSiC particles. It is notable that the corroded NiCoW/SiC and NiW/SiC coatings exhibit a novel network-like morphology. And the size of meshes of the network-like structure is related to the anti-corrosion property. • Micro-SiC and nano-SiC enhanced NiW and NiCoW coatings were electrodeposited • Micro-SiC are better for improvement of wear and corrosion resistance than nano-SiC • Micro-SiC can highly decrease oxidative wear and peeling of NiW and NiCoW coatings • A network-like nanostructure appears on the corroded NiW and NiCoW composite coatings

The Effectiveness of Kepok Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca var. bluggoe L) As Liquid Organic Fertilizer Against Pakcoy Plants (Brassica rapa L)

Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. bluggoe L) which is wasted will result in environmental pollution, but now the kepok banana peel can be used as liquid organic fertilizer in the growth of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L) plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. bluggoe L) as a liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L). This research was conducted at the Green House PT. Floraterusbersemi, in East Jakarta from March–July 2022. The research method used is an experimental method with the research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This research was conducted by giving 6 treatments and 5 repetitions, where there were three parameters used, namely plant height, number of leaves, and plant wet weight. The treatment in question was P0 as (control) without giving kepok banana peel liquid organic fertilizer P1 = 10 ml, P2 = 25 ml, P3 = 50 ml, P4 = 75 ml, P5 = 100 ml kepok banana peel liquid organic fertilizer. Treatments are given once a week. The results of this study showed that the growth of Pak Choy plants in the P2 treatment had the most effect on plant height of 21.7 cm, the number of leaves 12.6 leaves, and wet weight of 17.62 g. So it can be concluded that the use of kepok banana peels as a liquid organic fertilizer affects the growth of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L)

Dynamic behavior and microstructural evolution of TiAl alloys tailored via phase and grain size

As a kind of promising aerospace material, TiAl alloys need to withstand extreme conditions such as high-rate impact loads and high temperatures. The mechanism on the failure and fracture of TiAl alloys under extreme conditions is related with the microstructure, including phase and grain size. In the present research, two kinds of TiAl alloys tailored with different microstructures, near lamellar (NL) and near gamma (NG), were fabricated by thermo-mechanical treatment. Microstructural characterization was analyzed by XRD and EBSD. The dynamic behavior of the TiAl alloys under different temperatures ranging from 293 K–873 K was investigated by a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The strain rate sensitivity and temperature sensitivity was analyzed. The microstructural evolution was concerned to understand the failure mechanism of the two kinds of the TiAl alloys. The NG-TiAl had the homogeneous deformation with synergy effect between homogeneous equiaxed grain and lamellar structure, and no failure occurred in NG-TiAl. However, the NL-TiAl showed heterogeneous deformation with both “orange peel effect” and cracks, which was attributed to large equiaxed grain and brittle γ-lamellae with similar orientation. Further, the cracks were easily nucleated and propagated from the interface between γ-lamellae structures, especially in the γ-lamellae structures parallel with the loading direction. Finally, the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive model was proposed to describe the deformation behavior, in which both strain rate hardening and temperature softening terms were expressed as a function of strain and strain rate.

Effectiveness of citrus fruit peel as a biosorbent for the mitigation of aflatoxins in vitro

We assessed the effectiveness of novel and cost-effective citrus fruit peel (oranges, agro-waste material) for the removal of four aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in vitro. The biosorbent was described using SEM, XRF, XRD, FITR spectroscopy, and point of zero charge. The adsorption performance was optimised in a batch experiment by altering the various parameters, such as biosorbent dose (1–15 mg/mL), the preliminary concentration of AFs (20–200 ng/mL), pH (1–9), the incubation period (10–60 min), and temperature (10–45 °C). Maximum removal (90%) was achieved when using biosorbent at 10 mg, each AF concentration 100 ng/mL, pH 3, and incubation time 45 min at 37 °C. The experimental data were well-described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the monolayer coverage (Qe) was calculated to be 78.5, 77.8, 79.2, and 75.6 ng/mg for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2, respectively. The thermodynamic and kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption performance was endothermic and obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate model. Studies at different pH also proved that the adsorption of toxins would be strong and sufficient under pH variation, as found in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus the biosorption of AFs by orange peel powder might be an efficient low price detoxification method in humans and animals.

Food Safety of Thailand’s Pineapples, Bananas, and Dragon Fruits from Pesticide Contamination: a Study Using GC-MS Analysis

Pesticides are used extensively in agriculture, raising issues about food safety. Currently, consumers are notably concerned by pesticide contamination when eating fruits and vegetables. Food safety information on certain produce is important to encourage consumers to eat more fruits and vegetables. This study’s purpose was to determine whether three commonly consumed Thai fruits – pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit – are safe to eat. The effectiveness of peeling as a method to remove pesticide residues was also investigated. The monitoring of pesticide residues for these three fruits purchased from markets in Thailand was done by determining the pesticide contents of collected fruit samples by GC-MS analysis. The detection rate of pesticide residues was very high at 96% in both the pineapple and dragon fruit samples studied. On the other hand, the detection rate of pesticide residues in the banana samples was more moderate at 26%. The number of samples that were found to have residues that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL) was also considerably high. In the case of the pineapple and dragon fruit samples, 96 and 70% of them had residues that exceeded the MRL respectively. Only 9% of the banana samples had pesticide residues that exceeded the MRL. These findings indicate that the extent of pesticide contamination in pineapples and dragon fruits is greater than that observed in the banana samples. After the process of peeling, the pesticide residues were significantly reduced in all three fruits. This suggests the pesticide residues reside mostly in the peel of pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit. Therefore, in practice, it is safe to eat pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit in Thailand because these fruits are always served without their peel.

Polyphenol-rich jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel and seed powder induces browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and improves metabolic status in high-fat-fed mice

In the present study, we investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich jaboticaba peel and seed powder (JPSP) supplementation for four weeks in a concentration-dependent manner (5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) in the adipose tissue and the metabolic status of diet-induced obese mice. JPSP prevents weight gain and adiposity induced by HF diet consumption, reduced plasma leptin concentration, improved insulin sensitivity, and also leads to recovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function with increased gene expression levels of UCP1, PPAR-γ, and PGC1-α expression. JPSP consumption promoted browning in subcutaneous with adipose tissue (sWAT) observed with the appearance of specific transcription factors like UCP-1, PRDM16, and ABRB3 in groups supplemented with 10 % and 15 % of JPSP. Thus, these findings indicate that JPSP supplementation could lead to attenuation of obesity complications promoting browning in sWAT and may recovery/improve BAT function, and may be a promising strategy to lessen adiposity and/or improve obesity-mediated metabolic complications.

Powder ageing of Polyamide 6 in laser sintering and its effects on powder and component characteristics

The increasing importance of Laser Sintering (LS) for the industry brings a rising number of available materials for this process. One example is the enhanced use of alternative polyamide types like polyamide 6 (PA 6). For polyamide 12 (PA 12), the powder ageing effect is well-known and of great importance from an economical point of view. However, relatively little is known about the powder ageing behavior of newer LS materials. Hence this paper focuses on the experimental powder ageing study of PA 6 in the LS process, both on powder and part level. The powder was reused in total seven times without refreshing and constant sinter parameters were used to produce the samples. Morphological, thermal and rheological measurements of the powder showed a rising number of agglomerates, an apparent increase in the powder crystallinity, and an increase in the viscosity by a factor of 7. These increases consequently affected the density and the mechanical properties of the parts, latter were determined by tensile tests. Between the first and the last iteration, a decrease of the Young’s Modulus of 60 % and the tensile strength of 70 % was observed. Besides the decline of mechanical properties, the geometrical dimensions of the last iteration were only 60 % of the first iteration, the mass was halved and the surface quality suffered from the orange peel effect. The results prove that similar powder ageing effects known for PA 12, and here especially the polyamide post condensation, also take place in LS printing of PA 6. • Powder ageing study of polyamide 6 in Laser Powder Bed Fusion. • In total 7 laser sintering build cycles without any powder refreshing. • Morphological, mechanical, and rheological analysis on powder and printed part level. • Significant decrease of bulk density, increase of crystallinity and viscosity as a consequence of the powder ageing. • Post-condensation, agglomeration and annealing effects as main mechanisms for polyamide 6 powder ageing in LS.

Effect of Pomegranate Peel on Body Weight, Blood Sugar and Lipid Levels of Overweight Rats

Effect of Pomegranate Peel on Body Weight, Blood Sugar and Lipid Levels of Overweight Rats

A comparative study of the effect of peeling and drying on phytochemical and proximate composition of ginger varieties in Nepal

The handling and processing of ginger are done by farmers in Nepal by following primitive practices that result in poor and unhygienically processed ginger of low quality. Due to little information on the quality and compositional aspects of ginger and its value-added product (essential oil), there is a need to improve traditional methods of processing and drying for a better quality of ginger and its product. This study aimed to assess the effects of peeling and drying conditions on two local ginger varieties in Nepal. A three-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment was laid out at Ginger Research Program, Kapurkot, Salyan, Nepal. Three treatment factors were variety (Bose ginger and Nase ginger varieties), peeling (peeled and unpeeled ginger), and drying methods (direct sun drying and oven drying). After drying ginger rhizomes, the dry recovery percentage was calculated and the dried ginger rhizomes were ground to powder and subjected to laboratory analysis, where essential oil content and proximate composition of ginger powder were evaluated. Then, the extracted essential oil was subjected to GC-MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) analysis to know the chemical composition of essential oil. The result obtained showed that unpeeled oven-dried gingers retained higher essential oil content (2 %). The moisture content of oven-dried peeled ginger was reduced to 10.49 % which is within the standard of 7-12 % acceptable to the international market unlike that of direct-sun drying which could only attain about 17% moisture content in the study area. Likewise higher dry recovery percentage (22.25%) was observed in unpeeled sun-dried gingers. Ether extract (5.05 %) and crude fiber (5.05 %) were higher in the Nase variety whereas nitrogen-free extract (75.51 %) was more efficient in Bose variety. From the GC-MS analysis of ginger oil, α-Zingiberene (16.61-21 %) was found to be a major chemical constituent of ginger essential oil followed by (E, E)-α-farnesene (8.68-10.99 %) and β-Sesquiphellandrene (8.26-10.23 %). The use of an oven to dry unpeeled ginger will improve the retention of essential oil; However, peeling of ginger showed reduced fiber content in the ginger.