Effect Of Peeling Research Articles

Food safety in Thailand 6: How to eat guava fruits safely? Effects of washing and peeling on removing pesticide residues in guava fruits

AbstractPesticide residues in produce are not commonly monitored in developing countries. This study aims to determine whether washing and peeling has an effect on removing pesticide residues from guava fruits. Seventy‐five guava samples were purchased from Thai markets, and analyzed for 67 pesticides. Eighteen pesticides were detected in the guava samples. The incidence of pesticide detection was 100% with a MRL exceedance of 95% in the guava studied. Washing the guava was not effective at removing pesticide residues, while, peeling the fruits provided the most effective way to remove pesticide residues. Thus, to safely consume guava, it is advisable to peel the fruit before eating it.Practical applicationsThere is increasing public concern over the potential health risks associated with the pesticide residues found in food. Very high pesticide residue levels were detected in guava fruits. Washing is thought to be effective at removing the pesticide residues. However, this study has shown that this is not the case as washing the guava fruits with running water method had no effect on pesticide residue removal. Whereas, peeling was the most effective way to remove pesticide residue. Thus, to be safe, consumers are advised to peel guava fruits before eating the fruits.

Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) larvae

Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream ( <i>Sparus aurata</i> ) larvae

Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil.

The conversion of organic wastes into biochar via the pyrolysis technique could be used to produce soil amendments useful as a source of plant nutrients. In this study, we investigated the effects of fruit peels and milk tea waste-derived biochars on wheat growth, yield, root traits, soil enzyme activities and nutrient status. Eight amendment treatments were tested: no amendment (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), banana peel biochar 1% (BB1 + CF), banana peel biochar 2% (BB2 + CF), orange peel biochar 1% (OB1 + CF), orange peel biochar 2% (OB2 + CF), milk tea waste biochar 1% (TB1 + CF) and milk tea waste biochar 2% (TB2 + CF). The results indicated that chlorophyll values, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of shoot and root were significantly (p < 0.05) increased for the TB2 + CF treatment as compared to other treatments. Similarly, higher contents of nutrients in grains, shoots and roots were observed for TB2 + CF: N (61.3, 23.3 and 7.6 g kg−1), P (9.2, 10.4 and 8.3 g kg−1) and K (9.1, 34.8 and 4.4 g kg−1). Compared to CK, the total root length (41.1%), surface area (56.5%), root volume (54.2%) and diameter (78.4%) were the greatest for TB2 + CF, followed by BB2 + CF, OB2 + CF, TB1 + CF, BB1 + CF, OB1 + CF and CF, respectively. However, BB + CF and OB + CF treatments increased β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but not urease activity, as compared to the TB + CF amendment, while all enzyme activity decreased with the increased biochar levels. We concluded that the conversion of fruit peels and milk tea waste into biochar products contribute the benefits of environmental and economic issues, and should be tested as soil amendments combined with chemical fertilizers for the improvement of wheat growth and grain yield as well as soil fertility status under field conditions.

Dietary inclusion of Orange peels derived pectin and Lactobacillus plantarum for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured under indoor biofloc systems

A 12-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate possible effects of dietary orange peels derived pectin (OPDP) and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5 (LP) singularly or combined on innate immune response, disease resistance, and growth performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings under indoor biofloc system. The fingerlings were fed the following diets: diet 1 (0 g kg−1 OPDP and 0 CFU g−1 L. plantarum), diet 2 (10 g kg−1 OPDP), diet 3 (108 CFU g−1 L. plantarum), and diet 4 (10 g kg−1 OPDP +108 CFU g−1 L. plantarum). At the end of feeding trial, skin mucus parameters, serum immune parameters, and growth performance were measured. Ten randomly selected fish were used in a challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae. The results indicated that supplementations of OPDP + LP or/and significantly (P < .05) increased growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunity responses. The highest values were revealed in fish fed both OPDP and LP vs. individual applications. However, no significant (P > .05) differences were observed between fish fed OPDP and LP. The challenge test revealed that the relative percent survival (RSP) in diet 2, diet 3, and diet 4 was 43.33%, 50.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. Among the supplemented groups, fish fed 10 g kg−1 OPDP + LP showed significant (P < .05) higher RPS and resistance to S. agalactiae than the other groups. The present results suggested that the combination of OPDP and LP could be considered as potential feed-additives for aquaculture farmed fish under indoor biofloc system.

Improvement on Meshing Stiffness Algorithms of Gear with Peeling

This paper investigates the effect of a gear tooth peeling on meshing stiffness of involute gears. The tooth of the gear wheel is symmetric about the axis, and its symmetry will change after the gear spalling, and its meshing stiffness will also change during the meshing process. On this basis, an analytical model was developed, and based on the energy method a meshing stiffness algorithm for the complete meshing process of single gear teeth with peeling gears was proposed. According to the influence of the change of meshing point relative to the peeling position on the meshing stiffness, this algorithm calculates its stiffness separately. The influence of the peeling sizes on mesh stiffness is studied by simulation analysis. As a very important parameter, the study of gear mesh stiffness is of great significance to the monitoring of working conditions and the prevention of sudden failure of the gear box system.

The effects of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) flour dietary supplementation on the growth performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat content in Cihateup ducks.

Background:Bioactive compounds in mangosteen peel and turmeric have been shown to possess antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties.Aim:This study aimed to examine the effect of mangosteen peel flour (MF) and turmeric flour (TF) dietary supplementation on the performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat content of Cihateup ducks.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted for 56 days (8 weeks) using 84-day-old male Cihateup ducks that were allocated into seven treatments with three replications and each containing four ducks as subreplicates. The seven groups were positive control, containing 100% of basal ration/BR + 50 ppm bacitracin (R0), BR + 2% MF (R1), BR + 1.5% MF + 0.5% TF (R2), BR + 1% MF + 1% TF (R3), BR + 0.5% MF + 1.5% TF (R4), BR + 2% TF (R5), and BR only as negative control (R6). The data of each variable were analyzed using a completely randomized design (one way). Significant differences (p<0.05) were determined with Duncan test.Results:The results indicated that the addition of MF and TF significantly affected (p<0.05) body weight, weight gain, mortality rate, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and abdominal fat levels. At the same time, MF and TF significantly influenced (p<0.01) total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. Non-significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake and feed conversion of Cihateup ducks were observed.Conclusion:The combination of MF and TF at a balanced ratio (R3) can be used as an alternative feed additive to improve performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat of Cihateup ducks.

Critical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-herb interactions in rats between warfarin and pomegranate peel or guava leaves extracts

BackgroundIn-depth information of potential drug-herb interactions between warfarin and herbal compounds with suspected anticoagulant blood thinning effects is needed to raise caution of concomitant administration. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of co-administration of pomegranate peel and guava leaves extracts, including their quality markers namely; ellagic acid and quercetin, respectively, on warfarin’s in vivo dynamic activity and pharmacokinetic actions, in addition to potential in vitro cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) inhibition.MethodsInfluence of mentioned extracts and their key constituents on warfarin pharmacodynamic and kinetic actions and CYP activity were evaluated. The pharmacodynamic interactions were studied in Sprague Dawley rats through prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) measurements, while pharmacokinetic interactions were detected in vivo using a validated HPLC method. Furthermore, potential involvement in CYP inhibition was also investigated in vitro on isolated primary rat hepatocytes.ResultsPreparations of pomegranate peel guava leaf extract, ellagic acid and quercetin in combination with warfarin were found to exert further significant increase on PT and INR values (p < 0.01) than when used alone (p < 0.05). Pomegranate peel extract showed insignificant effects on warfarin pharmacokinetics (p > 0.05), however, its constituent, namely, ellagic acid significantly increased warfarin Cmax (p < 0.05). Guava leaves extract and quercetin resulted in significant increase in warfarin Cmax when compared to control (p < 0.01). Furthermore, guava leaves extract showed a significant effect on changing the AUC, CL and Vz. Significant reduction in CYP2C8, 2C9, and 3A4 was seen upon concomitant use of warfarin with ellagic acid, guava leaves and quercetin, unlike pomegranate that insignificantly affected CYP activities.ConclusionAll combinations enhanced the anticoagulant activity of warfarin as the results of in vivo and in vitro studies were consistent. The current investigation confirmed serious drug herb interactions between warfarin and pomegranate peel or guava leaf extracts. Such results might conclude a high risk of bleeding from the co-administration of the investigated herbal drugs with warfarin therapy. In addition, the results raise attention to the blood-thinning effects of pomegranate peel and guava leaves when used alone.

Effects of lactobionic acid peel, aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion, and both procedures on skin hydration, elasticity, and transepidermal water loss.

Topical applications of alpha-hydroxy acids and poly hydroxy acids in the form of peels gained popularity. To enhance the effect of these substances, aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion can be used in one procedure. The assessment of skin hydration, elasticity, and TEWL after using lactobionic acid in the form of 20% peel and lactobionic acid in the form of 20% peel combined with aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion. The study involved 20 Caucasian female subjects. Six treatments were performed at weekly intervals, using the Split face method-20% LA was used on the left side of the face and aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion followed by 20% LA application on the right side of the face. Corneometric measurement showed statistically significant differences between the hydration level for sessions 1 and 3 and 1 and 6. A higher hydration level was found on the side with the combined procedure. Tewametric measurement showed that the TEWL values were different for sessions 1 and 3 and 1 and 6-they decreased. There were no statistically significant differences between the two procedures. The cutometric measurement indicated statistically significant differences between skin elasticity for pairs in session 1 and 3 and 1 and 6. The results of the study indicate that the combination of LA peel with microdermabrasion increases its moisturizing effect and improves skin elasticity. The use of both procedures also contributed to the decrease in TEWL; however, greater exfoliation of the epidermis in combined procedures resulted in slightly higher TEWL values.

Modified phenol peels for treatment-refractory hyperpigmentation of lichen planus pigmentosus: A retrospective clinico-dermoscopic analysis.

Lichen Planus Pigmentosus (LPP), a disorder with stubborn treatment-refractory hyperpigmentation predominantly affects the darker skin. Deep dermal pigmentary incontinence of LPP renders the condition treatment-refractory. Lack of a consistently effective depigmenting treatment protocol of inactive LPP mandates exploration of novel approaches. We analyzed the effect of six sessions of modified phenol peel on reduction of pigmentation of LPP in Indian patients. The results of a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of six sessions of Croton oil free phenol combination (CFPC) peel done every 3weeks, for inactive LPP-associated hyperpigmentation in 17 patients are presented. Efficacy evaluation was done with patient-reported improvement, physician-evaluated improvement (photographic comparison of baseline and post-treatment clinical images), and pre- and posttreatment comparison of dermoscopic images using a simple scale. Out of 17, 5 (29%) patients sustained excellent improvement with >75% reduction of pigmentation. Overall 13 (76%) patients had moderate to excellent improvement, that is, at least 25% or more reduction in pigmentation. The patient-reported improvement, physician-graded improvement, and dermoscopic changes-all three measures showed harmonious overlap. Lightening of the background color and reduction in density and color intensity of pigmented structures was observed on dermoscopy in majority of patients. The treatment was well tolerated with no serious local/systemic adverse effects. Modified phenol peels seem effective in reduction of hyperpigmentation of LPP. They are safe and well tolerated. Thorough priming, stringent sun protection and use of post-peel adjuvant topicals boost the peel effect and aid in maintaining the effect for up to a year.

Effects of internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery on retinal anatomical and functional outcomes

Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) refers to full thickness defects of retinal neuroepithelial layer in macular area without clear reasons, and the combination of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) is a standard procedure for macular hole.This technique can improve anatomical success and reduce the tangential forces, and thus accelerating the macular hole closure.With increasing use of ILMP and vital dye, the controversial issue of the intentional ILMP has arisen.First, the earliest change in the macula after ILMP is postoperative swelling of the arcuate retinal nerve fiber layer and dissociated optic nerve fiber layer occurs later in the postoperative period; second, retinal thickness modification, such as the thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglial cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL); third, displacement of foveal area toward optic disc and decrease of the foveal avascular zone area decrease retinal sensitivity and changes of the focal macular electroretinogram.This article reviewed the effects of ILMP during macular hole surgery on retinal anatomical and functional outcomes. Key words: Macular hole; Internal limiting membrane peeling; Vitrectomy; Retinal injury

Influence of peeling and inorganic calcium concentration on the utilisation of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) corm meal by laying hens

The effects of peeling and limestone flour level on the utilisation of Alocasia macrorrhiza corm meal (ACM) by laying hens were investigated. Maize-based diets with two concentrations of limestone flour (40 and 60 g/kg) and diets containing 200 g peeled and unpeeled ACM meal/kg with the same levels of limestone flour were fed to five replicate pens containing 10 20-week-old Shaver brown pullets (1635 ± 148 g), each for 105 days. Results showed no interaction or main effects of ACM or limestone concentration on feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion efficiency, egg shape index, surface area and Haugh unit (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Feeding whole ACM with 40 g limestone/kg diet reduced hen-day production and shell thickness (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but this was overcome by increasing limestone concentration to 60 g/kg diet. Peeled ACM with both concentrations of limestone flour maintained laying performance and egg quality. We concluded that feeding 200 g whole ACM depresses egg production and shell quality in laying hens, but increasing dietary limestone concentration overcomes this adverse effect. The concentration of limestone flour in the diet has no effect on laying performance. Higher inclusion levels of ACM, calcium source and level that will maintain laying performance and reduce feed cost need to be investigated.

Aged Citrus Peel (Chenpi) Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Epigenetically Regulating Nrf2 Pathway.

Excessive consumption of analgesic drug acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe oxidative stress-mediated liver injury. Here, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of aged citrus peel (Chenpi, CP), a Chinese herb usually used in foods in Asia, against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CP water (CP-WE), ethanolic (CP-EE), and water extraction residue ethanolic (CP-WREE) extracts were prepared. We found that CP-WREE contained higher content of bioactive flavonoids, including narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and more effectively enhanced the Nrf2 pathway in ARE-luciferase reporter gene transfected human HepG2-C8 cells. In mouse AML-12 hepatocytes, CP-WREE minimized APAP-induced damage and lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream defense enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A). CP-WREE also downregulated HDACs and DNMTs, upregulated KDMs, and increased the unmethylated Nrf2 promoter level. Additionally, CP-WREE blocked in vitro DNA methyltransferase activity. Taken together, CP-WREE might attenuate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity through epigenetically regulating Nrf2-mediated cellular defense system.

Effect of Enzymatic Peeling under Cold Conditions on Fruit Quality and Functional Component Contents of Citrus, and the Effect of the Temperature for Boiling Sterilization and the Concentration of Sugar Syrup on the Avoidance of Flesh Disintegration by Enzymatic Peeling during the Bottling Process

Effect of Enzymatic Peeling under Cold Conditions on Fruit Quality and Functional Component Contents of Citrus, and the Effect of the Temperature for Boiling Sterilization and the Concentration of Sugar Syrup on the Avoidance of Flesh Disintegration by Enzymatic Peeling during the Bottling Process

Protective Effect of Sweet Potato Peel against Oxidative Stress in Hyperlipidemic Albino Rats

In the present investigation, the valorization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) wastes into food application with health benefits was studied. Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and screening of raw materials to identify new antioxidants. Different parts of sweet potato contain various phenolic activities. The sweet potato peel had the highest antioxidant activity as compared to other parts. It was reported that sweet potato contains bioactive compounds such as Flavonoids, Polyphenols, The present study was executed to examine the antioxidant components of sweet potato peel and their addition to fermented cow’s milk to improve lipid profile in rats fed high fat diet. Fermented milk was prepared from cow’s milk fortified with 1% and 2% of sweet potato peels (SPP), before inoculation with starter culture containing (S. thermophilus TH4, L. acidophilus La5 and L. bulgaricus). It was found that addition of SPP had no significant effects on the sensory attributes (appearance, body, texture, and flavor) as compared to the control samples. Increasing the percentage of SPP resulted in a decrease in the viscosity of the fermented milk. When SPP powder was included in the diet and fed to rats, there was a significant decrease in the activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Results also showed that the fermented milk administration to hyperlipidemic/hyper-cholesterolemic rats induced a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, LDL, protein and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL concentration. Histopathological examination showed that groups fed with SPP blended fermented milk showed less pathological changes compared to the positive control group. The main results indicated that there is a high potential for sweet potato peel extract to be utilized as antioxidant in food systems due to its high phenolic contents. It can be concluded that the antioxidant components in purple sweet potato peel when administered with fermented cow’s milk can improve serum lipid status in rats fed high fat diet.

Effect of cassava peels and palm kernel cake (PKC) on the heamatological and serum biochemical of grower pigs in Nigeria

Effect of cassava peels and palm kernel cake (PKC) on the heamatological and serum biochemical of grower pigs in Nigeria

Jaboticaba peel powder and jaboticaba peel aqueous extract reduces obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation in rats

This study investigated the effects of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) and jaboticaba tea (JE) on obesity parameters of diet-induced obese rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups: AIN-93 M feed a normal control diet; HFF (obese control) feed a high-fat and fructose diet; Prevention FJP (P. FJP) and Treatment FJP (T. FJP) feed HFF diet with 2% of FJP powder, for 12 and 6 weeks respectively; Prevention JE (P. JE) and Treatment JE (T. JE) were feed with HFF diet and the water was substituted by JE, for 12 and 6 weeks, respectively. Lipid profile, glucose, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Glucose and insulin tolerance, also pancreatic islet insulin secretion were determined. Liver morphology and fat liver accumulation were evaluated. Results showed that HFF-diet induced weight gain, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. All FJP and JE treatments reduced weight gain, adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity. Twelve weeks supplementation increased HDL-cholesterol and prevented hepatic steatosis. Our results suggest that FJP and JE act as functional foods, being a dietary strategy to prevent or control obesity. FJP and JE 12 weeks supplementation can modulate important parameters of obesity and insulin metabolism, preventing liver steatosis in obese rats.

Mechanical simulation of foldable AMOLED panel with a module structure

Abstract The stress analysis of the flexible AMOLED panel is a fundamental study for designing optimal structures with good foldability. Current research assumes linear elastic models. In the present work, A visco-hyperelastic constitutive model was employed to describe the nonlinear behavior of the optically clear adhesive (OCA). The finite element method for simulating the folded panel was constructed to analyze the effect of panel structure on the stress and strain distributions. Compared with the bending state of the single device, the flexible panel module is shown to have multiple neutral planes. The maximum longitudinal stress of the AMOLED device is located at the folding symmetry, while the maximum strain in the OCA layer is located at the transition area between the bending and unbending areas. Finally, the simulated results show that increasing the thickness of the first OCA layer which located between the cover window and the polarizer is more efficient for preventing peeling effect or delamination occurred to the panel.

The mechanical property, degradation and cytocompatibility analysis of novel phosphate glass fiber textiles

Phosphate glass fibers have been widely considered as potential biomedical materials for orthopedical application due to their full degradability and excellent cytocompatibility. In this study, phosphate-based glass fibers were drawn from the glass system 48P2O5-12B2O3-14CaO-20MgO-1Na2O-5Fe2O3, via a melt-drawn spinning process and then woven into textile fabric using a small lab-scale inkle-loom. The annealing treatment was applied to both fibers and textiles with 1-hour heat treatment at 540℃, which was 10℃ above the glass transition temperature. An increase in Young's modulus was observed for the single filament fibers and a decrease in tensile strength with annealing treatment. During the degradation period, the tensile strength of non-annealed fibers presented a decrease by day 28, whilst annealed fibers had increased by day 7, then decreased by day 28, which was suggested to be due to the peeling effect observed on the surface of the fibers. The cytocompatibility of the textile fabric with annealing treatment (A-textile) and the non-annealed fabric (N-textile) was characterized via seeding of MG63 cells. Higher metabolic activity and DNA concentration were obtained for the A-textile samples when compared to the N-textile, which was suggested to be due to the lower dissolution rate of the A-textile resulting in fewer ions leaching into the solution. The phosphate glass fiber textiles investigated in this study have shown potential application as bioresorbable composites reinforcement for orthopedic treatment.

Automatic visual inspection method for a coated surface having an orange peel effect

In many production processes, defect detection has played an important role in preventing the outflow of defective products. As such, there are still many production lines that rely on an inspector's visual observation. In this study, using fluorescent tubes as an irradiation light source, we propose a simple and effective visual inspection method for detecting convex defect on painted surfaces having an orange peel effect. The proposed method detects and distinguishes painted surface defects in an area illuminated by fluorescent tubes, using the combination of local segmented results and gradient information computed with different differential operations. The inspection device for detecting the defect can be easily installed in the production line without changing the production line, and can be constructed at a low cost without using additional adaptations. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated with the data of real products captured with an inspection device installed on the production line. Experimental results show that this method can provide a better detection in the inspection region with a low false‐detection rate. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

Comparison of stripping of steep sheep maxillary sinus mucosal with new-type memory elastic silk sleeve stripper and umbrella stripper

This work aims to investigate the effect of stripping of steep sheep maxillary sinus by using 0.012 or 0.014 model new-type memory elastic silk sleeve stripper and umbrella stripper. Goats with sinus floor gradients of 60° to 90° were selected by computed tomography of sheep head. A total of 72 animal models were established and randomized into three groups (n=24): group A (0.012 model), B (0.014 model) and C (umbrella stripper). Alveolar and maxillary sinus mucosa were stripped after crowning, and stripping length was measured when the stripping limit was reached or mucosal perforation occurred. The average stripping length of mucosa in group A was 11.3 mm±4.6 mm, and three cases experienced perforation of sinus floor mucosa. The average stripping length of mucosa in group B was 17.5 mm±5.0 mm, and one case experienced perforation of sinus floor mucosa. The average stripping length of mucosa in group C was 4.2 mm±1.3 mm, and four cases experienced perforation of sinus floor mucosa. The difference among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.01) according to variance analysis. Moreover, the comparison between any two means was also statistically significant according to Dunnett's T3 test (P<0.05). The new-type memory elastic silk sleeve stripper effectively stripped steep maxillary sinus mucosa. The 0.014 model exhibited superior peeling effect and was relatively safe.