Effects Of Pathological Changes Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ПРИ СКЛЕРОЗЕ ЯИЧНИКОВ НА МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЯЙЦЕПРОВОДОВ У КОРОВ

The article presents the research findings of the effect of pathological changes caused by ovarian sclerosis on the morphofunctional parameters of oviducts in cows. The primary reason for symptomatic infertility in cows is functional disorders of the ovaries. The epithelial tissue of the reproductive organs in animals plays a vital role in their reproductive function. Histological and morphological changes in a cow's uterus are closely connected to changes in the ovaries. Specifically, ovarian sclerosis can disrupt the functional activity of the uterine horn's epithelial cells. When studying the morphofunctional state of oviducts damaged by ovarian sclerosis in cows, we found histological and morphofunctional changes therein associated with changes in the ovaries. The left ovary was more often sclerotized than the right one. The total wall thickness of the left and right oviducts in the setting of ovarian sclerosis thickened compared to the norm. In this scenario, the submucosa in the left oviduct measures 22.3% below the standard thickness, whereas in the right one, it is notably thicker by 38.4%. The muscular layer of the left and right oviducts is thicker than norm by 38.7% and 104.2% respectively. The area of protoplasm and the nuclei of the surface epithelium in the left oviduct decreased by 12.95% and 22.2%, respectively, compared with the norm. The functional activity of the surface epithelium cells in the left oviduct damaged by ovarian sclerosis was lower than that in clinically healthy cows.

Does the Presence of Pathological Change in the Schneiderian Membrane Increase the Risk of Membrane Perforation During Sinus Floor Elevation? A Systemic Review.

A Schneiderian membrane (SM) thickness of >2 mm is regarded as a pathological mucosal change. The current study aimed to determine whether sinus floor elevation (SFE) in the presence of SM pathology increases the risk of membrane perforation and implant failure rate. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were systemically searched for studies published until February 2020. Randomized and nonrandomized studies reporting the incidence of SM perforation in patients with SM pathology (antral pseudocyst or mucosal thickening) during SFE were included. The outcome measures were the incidence of SM perforation and implant survival rate. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects model. A P value ≤.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Eighteen studies with a total of 1542 patients and 1797 SFE were included. A nonsignificant difference in the incidence of SM perforation was observed between the normal-appearing sinus and thickened sinus mucosa (fixed effects; OR, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.504-1.59; P = .707, I2 = 32%). The rates of SM perforation in the normal sinus, mucosal thickening, and antral pseudocysts were 14%, 6%, and 6% respectively. The implant survival rate was 98% in the normal sinus and 100% in antral pseudocyst and mucosal thickening. SM thickening or antral pseudocysts did not increase the risk of membrane perforation or rate of implant failure. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effect of pathological changes in the SM on the failure of bone augmentation and dental implants.

A MODERN APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED ECTOPIA OF THE CERVIX

Objective. The research objective is the development of effective method for the treatment of complicated ectopia of the cervix, allowing to reduce the frequency of relapses. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 86 women with complicated ectopia of the cervix has been undertaken. In the main group (n=45) our proposed method of treatment of ectopia of the cervix has been applied, which, in addition to the performance of coagulation, involves two successive stages: preparing for coagulation and treatment in the postoperative period including Galavit (patent for invention № 2568768). In the comparison group (n=41) coagulation ectopia of uterine cervix was preceded by empirical antibiotic and antiviral therapy. Diagnostic measures included bacteriological and cytological examination, HPV testing, extended colposcopy, PCR diagnostic and ELISA blood test for the detection of causative agents of urogenital infections. Results. The analysis of the postoperative period and control the colposcopy showed that in the majority of cases in the main group the reparative process ended by the end of the 3rd week (62.2%), the full impact of all the patients was recorded at the 5th week after the treatment (100%), the relapse has not been revealed within 2 years. In the comparison group the slowing down of terms of epithelialization of the wound surface of the uterus after coagulation has been noted, the lack of treatment effect has been found in 9.8% of patients, and the relapse within 2 years and 17.1% of women has been stated. Conclusion. The developed method allows to increase the efficiency of treatment by sequential combined effects on cause and effect of pathological changes on the cervix: the elimination of etiopathogenetic factors ectopia of the cervix, coagulation of the pathological section, stimulation of the immune system and reparative processes.

The alveolar bone height of the primary and first permanent molars in healthy 6‐ to 9‐year‐old Jordanian children

To establish a threshold cemantoenamel junction (CEJ)-alveolar bone crest (ABC) distance in healthy 6- to 9-year-old Jordanian children and determine the effect of pathological changes, physiological changes, gender, and age on the CEJ-ABC distance. Bitewing radiographs were made for 539 6- to 9-year-old children. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), DMFS score, and pocket depth were all assessed through clinical examination. CEJ-ABC distance was measured from radiographs at the mesial surface of permanent first molars (PFM), and the mesial and distal surfaces of primary molars. The CEJ-ABC distance ranged from 0.00 to 4.49 mm, the mean for all surfaces was 0.84 ± 0.44 mm, no gender or age group differences were found. The mesial surface of the PFMs had the smallest mean CEJ-ABC distance. The CEJ-ABC distances were greater in the maxilla than in the mandible. No significant effect of PI, GI or CI on CEJ-ABC distance was found. Caries, faulty restorations, exfoliation, and partial eruption adjacent to measured surfaces had significant effect on the CEJ-ABC distance. The mean CEJ-ABC distance was <1 mm. Threshold CEJ-ABC distances of 1.0 and 1.5 mm for PFMs and primary molars, respectively, are suggested to be used in 6- to 9-year-old children.

A microfluidics device to monitor platelet aggregation dynamics in response to strain rate micro-gradients in flowing blood

This paper reports the development of a platform technology for measuring platelet function and aggregation based on localized strain rate micro-gradients. Recent experimental findings within our laboratories have identified a key role for strain rate micro-gradients in focally triggering initial recruitment and subsequent aggregation of discoid platelets at sites of blood vessel injury. We present the design justification, hydrodynamic characterization and experimental validation of a microfluidic device incorporating contraction-expansion geometries that generate strain rate conditions mimicking the effects of pathological changes in blood vessel geometry. Blood perfusion through this device supports our published findings of both in vivo and in vitro platelet aggregation and confirms a critical requirement for the coupling of blood flow acceleration to downstream deceleration for the initiation and stabilization of platelet aggregation, in the absence of soluble platelet agonists. The microfluidics platform presented will facilitate the detailed analysis of the effects of hemodynamic parameters on the rate and extent of platelet aggregation and will be a useful tool to elucidate the hemodynamic and platelet mechano-transduction mechanisms, underlying this shear-dependent process.

Surface fissures in articular cartilage: effect of pathological changes in synovial fluid

Objective. A unified mathematical model of two different modes of inception of fissures at the surface of articular cartilage in healthy and pathological joints. Design. The superficial tangential zone of articular cartilage is modeled as a three-phase medium consisting of collagen fibers, matrix, and of infiltrated thin constituent of synovial fluid. Background. The author’s general mesomechanical concept is applied to the analysis of deterioration of articular cartilage. Methods. Theoretical analysis based on the results of the author’s preceding paper. Results. The presented analysis shows that superficial fissures in articular cartilage can also be caused by pathological thinning of synovial fluid. Conclusions. Whereas in healthy joints the probable cause of creation of fissures at the surface of cartilage was shown to be fast impact loading, in joints with inflammatory synovial fluid the fissures can be caused by plain walking. Relevance Appearance of surface fissures in articular cartilage is a serious, still not fully clarified problem that deserves attention.

Equipment-independent ultrasound tissue characterization of testis and prostate

The result of a B-scan ultrasound examination is strongly dependent on the type of the used B-system, the chosen system parameters and the experience and critical analysis of the clinical investigator. The estimation of quantitative acoustic parameters, independent of the type of the used B-system, is one way to overcome the subjective nature and the problems of the interpretation of B-scan images. A procedure was developed to determine acoustical tissue specific parameters (ultrasound attenuation, relative backscatter coefficient) in terms of the ultrasound spectroscopy and to correct the system effects. A requirement for the calculation of acoustical parameters is the availability of primary rf echo signals without any preprocessing. Up to now measurements of phantom materials and in-vivo investigations on human testis and prostate have been carried out. The effects of pathological changes in the tissue state on the acoustical parameters are demonstrated in some examples.

Effect of pathological changes of pH, pO2 and pCO2 on the activity of antimicrobial agents in vitro.

Since standard susceptibility tests reflect the physiological rather than the pathological conditions prevailing within an infected abdomen, as recently documented, the effect of reduced pH and pO2 and increased pCO2 on the activity of antibiotics in vitro was studied. MICs were determined in vitro under standard culture conditions (MICstandard) and modified conditions (MICmodification) simulating the previously determined pathological values. Various classes of antibiotics were affected differently by the modified conditions. However, within an antibiotic class similar results were obtained for gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Median MICmodification/MICstandard ratios were 4 for aminoglycosides, 2 for quinolones and clindamycin, 1 for cephalosporins, and 0.5 for penicillins and vancomycin. Anaerobic conditions and a pH of 6.4 further increased the ratio of aminoglycosides to 8. Ratios were similar within an antibiotic class at inocula of 10(5) or 10(7) cfu/ml. All MICs determined in tests with imipenem against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and with vancomycin against gram-positive organisms were below the susceptibility breakpoint, whatever conditions and inocula were employed. In contrast, the percentage of MICs in susceptibility range using high inocula and modified conditions decreased to 78% for penicillins, 73% for cephalosporins, 22% for aminoglycosides, 11% for quinolones and 0% for clindamycin. In conclusion, routine susceptibility testing may overestimate the activity of aminoglycosides and underestimate the activity of beta-lactams under the conditions prevailing during abdominal infection.

Cervical Spine Syndrome

vide into anterior or posterior rami, or from soft tissue injury. The signs do not indicate the initiating cause but the effects of pathological changes. Cervical syndrome refers to the resulting symptoms and clinical findings(l, 2). Depending on the location of the lesion(s), the symptoms, in order of frequency, include head, neck, shoulder, and arm pain; paresthesias, numbness, tingling, pins and needles sensations; neck and shoulder stiffness and weak-

The uterus and control of ovarian function.

Though many experiments have shown central (hypothalamo-pituitary) regulation of corpus luteum function evidence exists to show that the uterus also plays an important role in this ovarian process. The broad areas reviewed here include effects hysterectomy effects of IUDs effects of conceptus effects of pathological changes of uterus and physiological mechanisms. Observations suggest that the transformation of functional corpora lutea into corpora albicans depends upon uterine stimulation. A luteolytic factor carried vascularly and/or local nervous connections may be important in this regard.

Experimental studies of the effect of pathological changes in the nasal mucous membrane on the olfactory bulb.

(1950). Experimental Studies of the Effect of Pathological Changes in the Nasal Mucous Membrane on the Olfactory Bulb. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 477-483.