Effects Of Ovulation Induction Research Articles

Assessment of Relationship between Ectopic Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Technology in Baghdad City

Objectives: To find out the relationship between assisted reproductive technology,Some demographics characteristic and ectopic pregnancy among women with ectopic pregnancyMethodology: A descriptive study was applied to assess the relationship between ectopic pregnancy andAssisted Reproductive Technology among purposive sample of (60) women aged between (20-43) yearsold attended the hospitals in Baghdad city. Results: The study show that the most woman in the age group(32-37) years old, was primary school graduate, most of them have no gravidity, were treated with assistedreproductive technology previously for (5-12) month, Clomiphene citrate (clomid) is used in the rate (50%),suffering from lower abdominal pain and Darker or brown vaginal spotting. Conclusions: The studyconcluded that there is significant relationship between the use of Clomiphene citrate (clomid) and ectopicpregnancy and the most benefit treatment for ectopic pregnancy is methotrexate. Recommendations: Thestudy recommended a furthers study on ovulation induction, training program about the effect of ovulationinduction especially (clomid) on women health

P–273 Effects of ovulation induction with GnRH Agonist (GnRHa) on oocyte and embryo quality at the mitochondrial level: A retrospective and experimental study

Abstract Study question Does the GnRHa trigger improve oocyte and embryo quality in patients younger than 40, and do mtUPPR have a role? Summary answer GnRHa trigger improves oocyte nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation, blastocyst utilization and downregulates HSP60 levels and upregulates ATF5 levels compared to hCG trigger. GnRHa trigger suppresses mitochondrial stress. What is known already hCG has been used for decades to achieve final oocyte maturation and, thereby, correct oocyte retrieval timing in connection with ovarian hyperstimulation protocols. As an alternative to hCG, a GnRH agonist has been used to trigger the endogenous release of LH (and FSH) in a fashion resembling the mid-cycle surge of gonadotrophins. GnRHa is as effective as hCG for the induction of ovulation. It has been very well known that the GnRHa trigger improves oocyte nuclear maturation, embryo quality, and implantation rate, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Study design, size, duration 3054 women younger than 40; oocytes retrieved more than 10 (up to 20) analyzed. Male infertility was excluded. Ovulation triggered either by hCG (n = 1368) or GnRHa (1668). Female mice were divided into three groups as control, hCG-treated and GnRHa-treated group. Superovulation was performed by FSH + hCG or GnRHa. Oocytes were collected 13 hours after hCG/GnRHa injection. ATF5, BiP, and HSP60 levels were analyzed by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Participants/materials, setting, methods This study has two parts. i) RCT and ii) Experimental. In the experimental part, three months old female BALB/C mice (25–30 g) were used and divided into three groups (n = 20/group) as control, hCG-treated and GnRHa-treated group. Superovulation was performed by administering an injection of 5 IU FSH (i.p.) and hCG (i.p.) or GnRHa (20 mg/kg) i.m. Oocytes were collected 13 hours after hCG/GnRHa injection. ATF5, BiP, and HSP60 levels were analyzed by Western blot. Main results and the role of chance The mean age (34.8 vs. 35.2 years), total gonadotropin dose (2176 vs. 2230 IU), and the number of oocytes picked up (14.9 vs. 13.4) were not statistically different among GnRHa and hCG group, respectively. No LH rise or any OHSS was noticed in any groups. Oocyte maturation (79.8% vs. 75.9%), oocyte diameter (as a marker of cytoplasmic maturity) (10198 µm2 and 9474 µm2), fertilization rate (78% vs. 72%), and embryo utilization rate (52% vs. 47.2%) were significantly higher in GnRHa group compared to hCG group, respectively. HSP60 level (activated by mtUPR) was statistically higher in the hCG group compared to the GnRHa group (55% vs. 22%, p < 0.05 respectively). On the other hand, the ATF5 level was significantly higher in the GnRHa group than the hCG group (p < 0.0001). Limitations, reasons for caution The limitation is that this is a proof-of-concept study to reveal the mechanism of good embryo quality with GnRHa trigger. Wider implications of the findings: This application offers convenience and simplifies the IVF protocol with a better oocyte and embryo quality while reducing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) risk during IVF care Trial registration number Not applicable

The effect of ovulation induction of GnRH following a short-term estrous induction protocol in Saanen goats

The current study was to compare the effect on the ovulation time and estrus parameters of a GnRH agonist (buserelin acetate) administered 24 or 36 h following a short-term estrus induction and synchronization treatment in non-lactating Saanen goats during the transitional period. Goats received 20 mg FGA sponges during 6 days plus 300 IU eCG and 125 µg d-cloprostenol 24 h prior to sponge removal. After removal of the sponges, goats were given either 1 ml physiological saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (Group 1 ; n = 9) after 12 h, 0.004 mg GnRH (buserelin acetate, Group 2 ; n = 10) after 24 h or 0.004 mg GnRH (Group 3 ; n = 10) after 36 h. The follicle development and ovulation in the ovaries were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography starting from the sponge application until the fifth day of the estrus cycle. Blood samples were collected on the same days to determine the plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E 2 ). As no statistical differences was detected in any synchronization parameters, ultrasonic evaluations and plasma P4 and E 2 concentrations among all groups, thus averages were assessed. The total estrus response, duration of the induced estrus, interval from sponge removal to onset of the induced estrus, time occurrence of ovulation from sponge removal and estrus onset to ovulation were recorded to be 93.10%, 33.66 ± 2.85 h, 27.48 ± 2.71 h, 48.05 ± 1.24 h and 21.51±2.37 h, respectively. The total ovulation rate, total number of ovulations per doe, largest follicle diameter and second largest follicle diameter were recorded to be 93.10%, 2.01±0.22, 6.85 ± 0.26 mm and 6.12 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. Results of this study indicate that administration of GnRH at 24 h or 36 h after sponge removal does not affect plasma P4 and E 2 concentrations, estrus parameters and ovulation time in estrus induction and synchronization in goats during the transition period.

Heterotopic pregnancy: A rare side effect of ovulation induction

In this paper, we are reporting a case of heterotopic pregnancy, which occurs as complications of clomiphene citrate.

The Effects of Ovulation Induction with Recombinant FSH and Urinary FSH on the Pregnancy Outcomes in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

The Effects of Ovulation Induction with Recombinant FSH and Urinary FSH on the Pregnancy Outcomes in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

Induction of Ovulation by Hormone Treatment in Ussurian Bullhead Leiocassis ussuriensis.

The effects of ovulation induction in ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, were investigated by treating ussurian bullhead with hCG, LHRHa, GnRHa, ovaprim, and pimozide. hCG was injected to ussurian bullhead at 0.75% NaCl, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 IU, respectively. The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 20,000 and 30,000 IU. Fertilization rates were 82.7% and 79.8%. Hatching rates were 59.4% and 57.2%. Ovulation time was between 16-19 hr The concentrations of LHRHa injected were 0.75 NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 300 g/kg. The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 300 and 400 µg/kg. Fertilization and hatching rates were 84.9% and 68.4% at 200 µg/kg. The times to ovulation were between 23 hr and 34 hr. Ovaprim of 0.75% NaCl, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml/kg were injected to the abdominal cavity. The ovulation inducement rate was highest at 2.0 and 3.0 ml/kg to 92% and ovulation time was between 27-38 hr. LHRHa concentrations of 0.75% NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 µg were injected with pimozide (1,000 µg). Ovulation inducement rate was 100% from 200 to 400 IU with pimozide. Ovulation time was 22-36 h. Fertilization and hatching rates were 88.9% and 70.4% in 200 µg/kg with pimozide.

Effect of ovulation induction on QT dispersion in electrocardiography

To investigate whether ovulation induction resulting in supra-physiological concentration range of ovarian hormones has an effect on interlead ventricular depolarization heterogeneity via QT dispersion measurements. Estrogens influence the duration of cardiac repolarization but there is no significant change in the QT interval duration within the range of physiological estradiol variations. Materials and methods: Included in the study were 40 subjects, in whom ovulation induction was planned, and 20 volunteers. During the study, a 12-lead electrocardiogram of each woman was carried out 3 times: for the first time on day 2-3 of the menstrual cycle (menstrual day), for the second time 36 h after hCG administration (ovulatory day), and for the third time at 6-8 days following ovulation (mid-luteal day). The RR and QT wave distances were measured. The QT interval corrected for heart rate (corrected QT) was calculated for each derivation. The difference between the longest and shortest corrected QT intervals was determined as corrected QT dispersion. Results: No difference was seen in the mean QT and corrected QT interval duration and the maximum corrected QT interval duration between menstrual phases. On the ovulatory day at peak estrogen level, the corrected QT dispersion was found to be lower than on mid-luteal and menstrual day. Conclusion: QT dispersion demonstrates the regional repolarization heterogeneity of the myocardium, which reflects the propensity of ventricular arrhythmia decreases on the ovulatory day of the ovulation induction cycle.

Effects of ovulation induction on ovarian morphology: an animal study.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ovulation induction has relation with postneoplastic lesions. Seventy-eight female, 90-day-old rats were enrolled for the trial. They were divided into three groups. In the first group, 13 rats received one cycle of ovulation induction with Follitropin Beta and human chorionic gonadotropin. The second group of 13 rats received three cycles of ovulation induction, and the third study group consisted of 13 rats which received six cycles of ovulation induction. Each group had a control group consisting of same number of rats that had not received ovulation induction. At the 12th month after the ovulation induction protocols ended, rat ovaries were extirpated for histopathological examination. In histopathological examination, malignant lesions, ovarian cyst and cyst diameter, epithelial stratification, epithelial tufting, mitotic index, polymorphism of epithelial cells and nucleus, epithelial cell nuclear diameter, chromatin density nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity in ovarian cyst epithelium were evaluated. No malignant ovarian lesion was found in the three groups. Ovarian cyst development was most frequent in the rats that underwent six cycles of ovulation induction. Epithelial stratification and tufting were most frequent in the rats which underwent ovulation induction six times. Significant difference was found between induction and control groups in second and third groups for cellular and nuclear polymorphism, presence of nucleolus, and nuclear chromatin density. Although development of malignant lesion were not found in any of the rat ovaries after ovulation induction, increase in the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia especially with increase in the number of induction cycles shows that some ovarian pathologies can occur subsequent to ovulation induction.

Effects of ovulation induction on ovarian morphology: an animal study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the ovulation induction has relation with postneoplastic lesions.Materials and methodsSeventy-eight female, 90-day-old rats were enrolled for the trial. They were divided into three groups. In the first group, 13 rats received one cycle of ovulation induction with Follitropin Beta and human chorionic gonadotropin. The second group of 13 rats received three cycles of ovulation induction, and the third study group consisted of 13 rats which received six cycles of ovulation induction. Each group had a control group consisting of same number of rats that had not received ovulation induction. At the 12th month after the ovulation induction protocols ended, rat ovaries were extirpated for histopathological examination. In histopathological examination, malignant lesions, ovarian cyst and cyst diameter, epithelial stratification, epithelial tufting, mitotic index, polymorphism of epithelial cells and nucleus, epithelial cell nuclear diameter, chromatin density nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity in ovarian cyst epithelium were evaluated.ResultsNo malignant ovarian lesion was found in the three groups. Ovarian cyst development was most frequent in the rats that underwent six cycles of ovulation induction. Epithelial stratification and tufting were most frequent in the rats which underwent ovulation induction six times. Significant difference was found between induction and control groups in second and third groups for cellular and nuclear polymorphism, presence of nucleolus, and nuclear chromatin density.ConclusionsAlthough development of malignant lesion were not found in any of the rat ovaries after ovulation induction, increase in the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia especially with increase in the number of induction cycles shows that some ovarian pathologies can occur subsequent to ovulation induction.

The effects of ovulation induction during infertility treatment on gingival inflammation.

Ovulation induction is the most common method of infertility treatment in which the ovaries are stimulated to produce multiple follicles. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three drug protocols of ovulation induction: clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, CC combined with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and CC combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) on the gingival tissues of women who were undergoing infertility treatment. Study population was composed of 18 women using CC for three menstrual cycles or less and 16 women using CC for more than three cycles; 21 women using CC-FSH; and 24 women using CC-HMG who had at least four cycles of CC alone the previous year. All subjects were clinically examined for plaque levels (plaque index), gingival inflammation (gingival index), bleeding on probing, and gingival crevicular fluid volume. The results were compared with a control group of 20 women matched for age, educational and professional level, and oral habits and who had never used ovulation drugs. Despite similar plaque levels (P>0.05), women using CC for more than three cycles and combined protocols of CC-FSH and CC-HMG had higher levels of gingival inflammation (P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively), bleeding (P<0.001), and GCF volume (P<0.001) when compared to the control group and to the users of CC for three cycles or less. The results of this study have shown that ovulation induction, which is the most common method in the management of infertility, exacerbates gingival inflammation, bleeding, and GCF volume and that the duration of the usage of these drugs is strongly associated with the severity of gingival inflammation.

VEGF plasma pattern in ovulation induction: evidence for an episodic secretion and lack of immediate effect of hCG

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of vascular proliferation and permeability. Ovarian granulosa cells have been identified as a major source of the cytokine and r-hCG was able to stimulate VEGF mRNA expression in vitro. In this study we have investigated the immediate effect of ovulation induction with hCG on peripheral VEGF levels in 6 women with primary infertility enrolled in the IVF/ET program. The patients underwent a 24-hour continuous blood withdrawal with sampling intervals of 15 minutes starting from 5 hours before ovulation induction with 10.000 IU hCG. Ovulation induction with hCG had no significant immediate effect on mean peripheral VEGF levels. However, VEGF plasma levels did exhibit significant episodic fluctuations with rapid increases every 90-120 minutes without any relation to circulating hCG levels. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that VEGF is released episodically and that systemic VEGF levels are not acutely altered by ovulation induction with hCG.

R-043. Basal and induced progesterone and oestradiol secretion from human granulosa-luteal cells obtained during in-vitro fertilization cycles: a comparison between the effects of ovulation induction using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) and pure urinary FSH

R-043. Basal and induced progesterone and oestradiol secretion from human granulosa-luteal cells obtained during in-vitro fertilization cycles: a comparison between the effects of ovulation induction using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) and pure urinary FSH

Effect of Ovulation Induction (Short Protocol) Regimen on Serum Levels of Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens

Effect of Ovulation Induction (Short Protocol) Regimen on Serum Levels of Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens

The risk of ovarian cancer after treatment for infertility

Recently, much attention in both the medical and lay communities has been focused on a possible association between fertility drug use and invasive ovarian cancer, and ovarian tumors of low malignant potential. A causal relationship, if shown to exist, has important implications. In the past year, several large case-control and cohort studies have attempted to address this issue. However, interpretation of the available data has been hampered by a number of factors. Retrospective study designs, small numbers of ovarian cancer cases, and inconsistent reporting of fertility drug use and type of infertility have all been common methodological shortcomings. The known ovarian cancer risk factors of low parity and infertility have been particularly difficult to separate from any effect of ovulation induction. The current epidemiologic data are insufficient to implicate conclusively specific fertility medications in ovarian carcinogenesis. The data do suggest that women with refractory infertility may constitute a high-risk population for developing ovarian cancer, independent of fertility drug use. Until the relationship between ovulation induction and ovarian cancer risk is defined more accurately, a high index of clinical suspicion for ovarian neoplasms is indicated before, during, and after treating women for infertility.

The effect of ovulation induction on the concentration of maternal serum relaxin in twin pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effects of fetal number, various ovulation induction treatments, and placental hormones on the concentration of maternal serum relaxin. STUDY DESIGN: The concentrations of relaxin, human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, and α-fetoprotein were determined in blood samples drawn at 16 to 18 weeks for prenatal diagnosis in 72 singleton and 115 twin pregnancies and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple linear regression of the log-transformed data. RESULTS: The maternal serum concentrations of each of the four measured hormones were significantly higher in the twin pregnancies than in the singleton pregnancies: 1.4-fold for relaxin, 1.9-fold for human chorionic gonadotropin, 1.9-fold for estriol, and 2.2-fold for α-fetoprotein (all p < 0.01). The concentrations of each of the four hormones were significantly correlated with each of the others and with the number of fetuses ( p < 0.01), except that estriol was not significantly correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin. The serum relaxin concentration in twin pregnancies after treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (menotropins) ( n = 10) was 3.3-fold that in twins resulting from spontaneous ovulation ( n = 89, p < 0.01). In twins resulting from in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer ( n = 9) the serum relaxin concentration was 2.6-fold higher than in twins resulting from spontaneous ovulation ( p < 0.01). The effect of clomiphene citrate (1.2-fold, n = 7) failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The second fetus causes a 1.4-fold increase in the concentration of maternal serum relaxin in twin pregnancies. Induction of ovulation with menotropins causes an additional 3.3-fold increase, whereas in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer treatment causes an additional 2.6-fold increase over that seen in twin pregnancies that followed spontaneous ovulation. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1996;174:227-32.)

Ovulation induction: The effects of ovulation induction with gonadotrophins on the ovary and uterus and implications for assisted reproduction

Ovulation induction: The effects of ovulation induction with gonadotrophins on the ovary and uterus and implications for assisted reproduction

Ovulation induction. Effects of ovulation induction with gonadotrophins on the ovary and uterus and their implications for assisted reproduction.

Ovulation induction. Effects of ovulation induction with gonadotrophins on the ovary and uterus and their implications for assisted reproduction.

The effects of ovulation induction on the concentration of serum relaxin in twin pregnancies

The effects of ovulation induction on the concentration of serum relaxin in twin pregnancies

Growth hormone (GH)-binding protein regulation by estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins in human: the effect of ovulation induction with menopausal gonadotropins, GH, and gestation

Growth hormone (GH)-binding protein regulation by estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins in human: the effect of ovulation induction with menopausal gonadotropins, GH, and gestation

Peri-implantation phase endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors: Effects of ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate

Peri-implantation phase endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors: Effects of ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate