Effect Of Organic Fertilizers Research Articles

The Integrated Effect of Organic Manure, Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Properties, Yield and Quality in Sugarcane Plant-ratoon System under Calcareous Soil of Indo-gangetic Plains of India

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, to devise nutrient management strategies aimed at sustaining soil health, quality and sugarcane production within the sugarcane plant-ratoon system. The experiment evaluated the efficacy of various fertilizers on the solubility of applied inorganic fertilizer during the spring season in calcareous soil. Results from the combined data analysis showed significant variations in the number of millable cane (NMC), cane yield, and sugar yield due to the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with bio-fertilizers in both the plant and ratoon crops. Treatments combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizers demonstrated a noteworthy increase in NMC, cane yield, and sugar yield compared to the control group. The treatment that received 75% NPK of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) along with Acetobacter, PSB, and Bio-compost at a rate of 7.5 t ha-1 exhibited the highest NMC (103.0 × 103 ha-1), cane yield (85.8 t ha-1), and sugar yield (11.21 t ha-1). Furthermore, the residual effect of the treatment combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizers showed a pronounced impact on NMC (92.4 × 103 ha-1), yield (79.6 t ha-1), and sugar yield (9.36 t ha-1) in the ratoon crop under treatment T9. Bio-compost notably enhanced the overall performance of sugarcane. Nutrient uptake by both plant and ratoon followed a similar trend as cane yield. Application of RDF alongside various bio-fertilizers significantly enhanced sugarcane productivity compared to the control group. Notably, the efficacy of bio-fertilizers was more pronounced when used in conjunction with inorganic treatments. Treatment with organic inputs through bio-compost resulted in reduced pH and increased electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, and available nutrients (N,P, and K) in post-harvest soil. Enzymatic activities including glycosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were also recorded.

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Barley

This study aimed to assess the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and yield components of barley varieties. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in 2019-2020. Two barley varieties, Keçiburcu (six rows) and Önder (two rows), and 15 types of organic and inorganic fertilizers were used in this study. All organic fertilizers used in the study were applied at sowing, solid fertilizers were incorporated directly into the soil, and liquid fertilizers were diluted with water and then applied to the soil. Among the fertilizers used in this study, conventional fertilizer (1.48 g/plant) and sheep manure (1.05 g/plant) showed positive effects on grain yield and other traits. As a result, plants benefit from chemical fertilizers in a shorter period because they are absorbed and used more quickly than chemical fertilizers, which are part of traditional agriculture. In addition, organic fertilizers have a positive effect on plant development. For organic barley production, sheep manure is recommended, which yields results similar to those of conventional fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers in increase of hazelnut yield

Goal. To assess the effect of various organic fertilizers on the yield of hazelnut plantations in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field experiment, laboratory-analytical, comparative.
 Results. The influence of organic fertilizers of various origins was studied (cattle manure; chicken droppings; Biofertilizer No. 1 — sewage sludge (SW) of the biological treatment station (SBO) «Pivdenna» in Odesa + winter wheat straw + Microbacterium barkeri LP-1 (M. b.); Biofertilizer No. 2 — «Southern» SBO + sunflower seed husks + M. b.; «Pivdenna» SBO, Odesa) on the agrochemical parameters of ordinary medium-humus chernozem in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine for the cultivation of hazelnuts. It is shown that in comparison with the control of 2021 and 2022, an increase in the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and organic matter is noted in all variants of the experiment.
 Conclusions. The use of organic fertilizers of various origins for the cultivation of hazelnuts in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine helps to increase the content of the main agrochemical indicators of the soil — easily hydrolyzed nitrogen (91.0—98.0 mg/kg with 84.0 mg/kg — control), mobile phosphorus compounds (174.75—306.30 mg/kg at 138.75 mg/kg — control), potassium (112.00—166.90 mg/kg at 108.40 mg/kg — control) and organic matter (3.78—4.18% and 3.76% — control). The advantages of biofertilizers No. 1 and No. 2 based on sewage sludge with the use of vegetable fillers (winter wheat straw and sunflower seed husks) and the phosphate-mobilizing bacterium Microbacterium barkeri LP-1 are shown. Organic fertilizers contribute to the increase in the content of nutrients in the soil, the activation of the activity of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms, which leads to an increase in the biological activity of the soil and, accordingly, the yield of agricultural crops.

Effect of Chemical and Granular Organic Fertilizer with Hormone Mixed Formula (HO) for Quality And Productivity on Hoary Basil (Ocimum Americanum L.)

Purpose: This research study aimed to develop chemical and granular organic fertilizers with hormone mixed formula (HO) and examine its effect on growth, productivity and active principles of hoary basil (Ocimum americanum L.) and the effect of HO fertilizer on soil properties. Method: Experiments were conducted in an RCBD with 6 treatments 4 replications on 1.2x4 m plots with 32 seedlings on each. The soil properties before and after experiments, growth rate, yield and active principles were analyzed by ANOVA, and compared by a DMRT method at the reliability of 95%. The experiments were conducted between September 2020 and September 2021. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that the HO fertilizers (T4, T5 and T6) improved organic matter, the soil pH, bulk density, soil porosity and water holding capacity. The HO fertilizers also significantly increased secondary and micronutrients. The plants with the HO fertilizers, especially with T6 and T5, showed the highest growth in terms of height, stem size, number of branches and canopy size, with statistically significant differences compared to the other treatments. In terms of yield productivity, T6 had the highest yield (3,192.7), followed by T2 (2,920.5), T5 (2,728.8), T4 (2,667.7), T3(1,952.1) and T1(1,735.8 kg/rai.). According to the active principle analysis, eugenol and methyl eugenol were found highest under T6 (HO-3). As for the net profit in hoary basil production, T6 showed the highest profit of 94,965 baht/rai. Implications of the Research: It was concluded that the HO fertilizers, as environmentally friendly fertilizing options, could sustainably improve soil quality and HO-3, in particular, has proved to be suitable for hoary basil production to provide high quality, safe products for both domestic and international markets. Originality/Value: This study highlights the effectiveness of HO fertilizers on increasing yields, yield component and active principles of hoary basil.

Improving organic grape production: the effects of soil management and organic fertilizers on biogenic amine levels in Vitis vinifera cv., 'Royal' grapes

BackgroundThe integration of organic viticulture practices in grape cultivation represents a pivotal advancement towards sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the importance of environmentally friendly methods that enhance soil health, grape quality, and overall ecosystem biodiversity, thereby contributing significantly to the resilience and long-term sustainability of viticultural ecosystems. This study explored the effects of soil management practices, including chisel, disc harrow, and no tillage, as well as the impact of utilizing Antep radish, broccoli, and olive blackwater as fertilizer applications, on the biochemical composition, specifically biogenic amines (BAs), in the clusters of the 'Royal' grape cultivar within a vineyard setting.ResultsThroughout the three-year study, no tillage soil management consistently emerged as the most influential soil treatment for enhancing BAs in 'Royal' grape berries, especially in combination with Antep radish and olive blackwater fertilizer applications. Among fertilizer applications, the nontreated control vines consistently had the highest concentrations of critical BAs, such as putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and dopamine, across different soil management practices. Among the soil management practices and fertilizer applications evaluated, the disc harrow soil management and olive blackwater fertilizer application generally yielded the lowest concentrations of BAs across several metrics.The PCA biplots indicated that experimental years have a similar effect on BA content in grape berries, with specific amines such as serotonin and dopamine being more affected in 2020, while cadaverine, histamine, spermidine, trimethylamine, and norepinephrine were more influenced in 2021, and putrescine, spermine, agmatine, and tryptamine in 2022.ConclusionThese findings hold significant implications for organic agriculture, emphasizing the nuanced influence of soil management practices and organic fertilizers on the BA composition of grape berries. Our results indicate the potential of tailored agricultural strategies to enhance plant health and quality, aligning with the principles of sustainability and environmental stewardship inherent to organic farming.Graphical

Combined Effect of Organic Waste and Inorganic Fertilizers in The Environmental on major Nutrient Content and Uptake in Maize Groundnut Cropping Sequence

A field experiment was carried out under field conditions during both kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Field No. 50B of Wetland Farm, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati campus (under the judicatory of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University). Nutrient content and uptake of major nutrients NPK during both the years of study (kharif 2019-2020 and rabi 2020-2021) on maize-groundnut cropping sequence was not significantly affected by the levels of NPK while significantly affected by the application of organic sources. The pooled analysis results also showed similar trend. However, interaction effect was nonsignificant between inorganic and organic sources during both the years.

Effects of organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues on growth and soil microbial community of Salvia miltiorrhiza by metagenomic technique

Soil microbiome is a key evaluation index of soil health. Previous studies have shown that organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)residues can improve the yield and quality of cultivated traditional Chinese medicinal materials. However, there are few reports on the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on soil microbiome. Therefore, on the basis of evaluating the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on the yield and quality of cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza, the metagenomic sequencing technique was used to study the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on rhizosphere microbiome community and function of cultivated S. miltiorrhiza. The results showed that:(1) the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues promoted the growth of S. miltiorrhiza and the accumulation of active components, and the above-ground and underground dry weight and fresh weight of S. miltiorrhiza increased by 371.4%, 288.3%, 313.4%, and 151.9%. The increases of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B were 887.0% and 183.0%.(2)The application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structures, and the microbial community composition was significantly different.(3)The relative abundance of soil-beneficial bacteria, such as Nitrosospira multiformis, Bacillus subtilis, Lysobacter enzymogenes, and Trichoderma was significantly increased by the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues.(4)KEGG function prediction analysis showed that metabolism-related microorganisms were more easily enriched in the soil environment after organic fertilizer application. The abundance of functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification could also be increased after the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues. The results of this study provide guidance for the future application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues in the cultivation of traditio-nal Chinese medicinal materials and enrich the content of green cultivation technology of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Selecting a stirrer and optimizing the process of mixing the substrate in the fermenter of biogas unit

The relevance of the work is related to the problem of soil degradation as a result of pollution by livestock waste and the need for timely disposal of waste into effective organic fertilizer and biogas. Increasing the share of the use of organic fertilizers makes it possible to develop organic farming technologies, and accordingly leads to the production of healthy crop products. The work investigated the process of substrate mixing in the fermenters of an operating pilot biogas plant. The technological line is designed for processing liquid organic waste, mainly manure or litter, by anaerobic digestion to produce innovative environmentally friendly organic fertilizers on an industrial scale. The purpose of the study was to select a stirrer and optimize the conditions for mixing the substrate in the fermenters of a biogas plant. The physicochemical properties of the substrate were studied by laboratory methods. The mathematical model of the mixing process is based on a semi-empirical description of the hydrodynamics of flows in the reactor, modernized taking into account the current state of the issue under the conditions of a fermenter with specific geometric characteristics. As a result of the work carried out, the optimal options for the geometric dimensions of the stirrers were determined (three variants for three-blade stirrers intermittent with a blade angle of 30°, differing in the size of the impeller and rotation speed) and the parameters of the mixing process were calculated. Based on a laboratory experiment and the results of calculating the sedimentation rate, the frequency of turning on the stirrer (once a day) and the time of its continuous operation to homogenize the suspension were determined. The results of the work can be used in the design of mixing devices and substrate mixing modes in bioreactors.

Effect of Micro Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Threatened Melientha suavis Pierre Species in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

The experiment was conducted at Thai Nguyen province to evaluate the response of micro-organic fertilizer on growth of vegetative and yield of Melientha suavis Pierre species in the spring and summer season 2023. The experiment included four treatments was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The characteristics include height of plant, diameter of trunk, leaf number, leaf size and yield were measured. The results indicated that applying the T3 treatment greatly in response enhancing height of plant, diameter of trunk, leaf number as well as leaf size compared to untreated control. Furthermore, application of the T3 treatment have the best results in yield of 380.0 kg/ha and 313.3 kg/ha in the spring and summer season, respectively. Therefore, the result could recommend applying micro-organic fertilizer can be practical tool for increasing growth of vegetative as well as yield in Melientha suavis pierre under field conditions.

Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Characters of Lentil

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, during Rabi season of 2022-23 to Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield characters of lentil. Seed rate 40-45 kg/ha of Lentil variety „ RLG-5‟ was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of nine treatments combinations i.e. T1-Control, 100% RDF (20:40:20:20 N P K S kg/ha), 50% RDF + 5t FYM, 75% RDF + FYM (2.5 t/ha), 50% RDF + Vermicompost (1 t/ha), 75% RDF + Vermicompost (0.5 t/ha), 50% RDF + Poultry manure (1 t/ha), 75% RDF + Poultry manure (0.5 t/ha), 75% RDF + FYM 2.5t + Rhizobium. The increased growth parameter such as plant height (cm), number of branches per plant and dry matter production and yield traits viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight Seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) harvest index of 75% RDF + Poultry manure (1 t/ha).

Organic fertilization as a sustainable alternative in the production of bean varieties in the brazilian semiarid region

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization and the use of rock powder in different varieties of cowpea in an agroecological family farming system in a semi-arid region of Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks 4 blocks x 4 treatments (T1 - witness; T2 - 4.0 t ha-1 rock powder; T3 - 10 t ha-1 bovine manure + organic matter; and T4 - 4 t ha-1 rock powder + 2.1 t ha-1 organic compound) x 3 varieties. At 65 days, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area (LA), and crop yield were evalueted: number of pods (NP), number of pods per plant (NPP), total seed weight (TSW), grain production (GP) and shoot dry matter production (SDMA). The creole variety Sedinha obtained better results in the development and yield of the crop, the organic compost was the most efficient for all varieties, the addition of rock powder did not result in significant effects compared to other treatments. This study highlights the potential for producing Creole seeds, in addition to demonstrating that organic fertilization is an efficient alternative, and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers contributing to the sustainable use of natural resources.

Integrated use of organic and synthetic fertilizers improves soil functioning, growth, yield and quality attributes of maize

The combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers may prove to be an excellent option for maintaining soil health, increasing fertilizer use efficiency, and improving crop quality and yield of maize. So, with this objective in mind a pot experiment was conducted to find out the effectiveness of organic and synthetic fertilizers on the yield and quality of maize crop. Two organic fertilizer levels (FYM and Press-mud @ 2% and 4% of each) were tested separately and in combination with recommended NPK fertilizers (160: 80: 60 kg ha-1). The experimental units were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The results showed that the combined use of NPK + press mud @ 4% caused a significant increase in grain numbers per cob (8.6%), weight of grains per cob (11.5%), grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, stalk yield, and oil and protein contents up to 11.5%, 6.3%, 19.7%, 12.6% and 12.0%, respectively as compared to the control treatment. The oil and protein contents were also improved significantly over the sole application of NPK fertilizer. Soil health was also improved due to the combined use of synthetic fertilizer with 4% press mud and 2% FYM. It is concluded that integrated use of NPK fertilizers and press mud @ 4% not only increased the quality and yield of maize, but it also improved soil health.

Electrogenic properties of Bacillus paramycoidesNBPP1 strain as a biocatalyst in the microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are indeed a promising technology with the potential to address energy shortages and environmental pollution simultaneously. MFC utilizes the metabolic activities of microbes to convert organic substrates into electrical energy. This study assesses the power production capabilities of an isolated bacterial strain from soil, Bacillus paramycoides NBPP1, using different configurations of MFCs. The organic waste from chicken butchery shop is used as nutrient and aluminum and graphite as anode and cathode respectively. The MFC achieved voltage in an open circuitof 662 mV, maximal density of power of 4 Wm−2, internal resistance of 898 Ω, and coulombic efficiency of 6.66% for dual chambers. For single chambers, the values were 649 mV, 570 Ω, 2.6 Wm−2, and 3.75% respectively. The COD removal efficiency was 57.14% for dual chambers and 47.16% for single chambers. The MFC also demonstrated LED illumination in a series circuit for a longer duration, with a maximum power density of 6.40 Wm−2. Additionally, the residual broth was found to be an effective organic fertilizer with adequate N, K, and sufficient P. This study highlights the sustainable resource utilization in MFC organic waste, which encompasses power generation, waste management, and the potential for organic fertilizer production.

Maximizing Mustard Crop Yield: Unveiling the Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Brassica juncea L. var. M-27

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season 2021- 2022 at Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of Mustard var.M-27. Yield attributing characters like fresh weight of silique, dry weight, number of silique per plot, length of silique per plant, and seed yield of mustard were found maximum in the application of vermicompost (T2 ) with a dose of 100% vermicompost. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the application of vermicompost could be the best source of mustard as compared to other sources for enhancing the yield of mustard.

Effects of Soluble Organic Fertilizer Combined with Inorganic Fertilizer on Greenhouse Tomatoes with Different Irrigation Techniques

A reasonable fertilization rate and appropriate irrigation technology can lead to the green development of greenhouse tomatoes. The purpose of this study was to explore suitable irrigation technology for greenhouse tomatoes and the appropriate application rate of the soluble organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination. In 2021 and 2022, the effects of different irrigation techniques and fertilization treatments on tomato plant growth, fruit quality, yield, and efficiency were studied. The irrigation techniques in this study were drip and Moistube irrigation, and there were seven types of fertilization treatment, namely, no fertilization treatment (CK); low-volume (T1, 330 kg/hm2), medium-volume (T2, 660 kg/hm2), and high-volume inorganic fertilizer treatments (T3, 990 kg/hm2); and three inorganic fertilizer treatments of low-volume inorganic fertilizer (T1, 330 kg/hm2) combined with low-volume (F1, T1 + 75 kg/hm2), medium-volume (F2, T1 + 225 kg/hm2), and high-volume (F3, T1 + 375 kg/hm2) organic fertilizer. A total of 14 experimental treatments were implemented for irrigation and fertilization. The results of the two-year experiment show that the growth effect on the height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of tomato plants was the best using the treatment of low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration organic fertilizer with Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation. Using the two irrigation methods, the application of soluble organic fertilizer increased the yield and improved the fruit quality of the tomato. The maximum yield increased by 28.52%, the soluble sugar content increased by 14.49%, the vitamin C content increased by 45.04%, and the lycopene increased by 18.79%. The entropy-weight TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate 14 evaluation objects with different irrigation methods and fertilization treatments. The results of the two-year experiment show that the best fertilization treatment under Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation conditions was low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration soluble organic fertilizer, which was combined with the best fertilization treatment, and the most suitable irrigation method for greenhouse tomato cultivation in the Loess Plateau was Moistube irrigation. The results of this study also provide practical experience and theoretical support for adaptive irrigation and the integrated management of water and fertilizer.

Comparative effectiveness of the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the cultivation of onions in an annual crop

We conducted a comparative study of the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of 5 medium-ripened domestic onion varieties in an annual crop on the alluvial meadow soil of the Moscow region. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out by the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry of the VNIIO branch of the FNCO in 2020–2022 on sufficiently cultivated medium-loamy alluvial meadow soils of the central part of the Moskvoretsky floodplain. In the experiment with the 5th varieties and the 3rd variants of the mineral fertilizer system, the commercial yield of onions was 53.0 t/ha, whereas with the use of an organic fertilizer system – 58.4 t/ha. Accordingly, the increase in yield relative to the control without fertilizers in the first case was equal to 106, in the second – 117%, marketability – 93 and 95%. It has been established that when determining the need of plants for nutrients during the growing season, it is preferable to use methods of leaf diagnostics. On average, for 5 varieties of onion, the yield increase, according to the results of plant diagnostics, turned out to be 13% more than in variants with NPK doses calculated according to soil diagnostics. Biochemical quality indicators for all onion varieties and all fertilizer variants did not differ statistically significantly from the control. The quality of onion products practically did not depend on the applied fertilizer systems. The organic fertilizer system provided the best supply of nutrients to onions in the phase of the beginning of bulb formation, which was crucial for obtaining the greatest yield in an annual crop. On average, for 3 variants of the organic system, the soil contained 2.34 mg/100 g of mineral nitrogen in the phase of the beginning of bulb formation, whereas with the use of the mineral system – 1.65 mg/100 g, or 42% less.

Effects of mineral and organic fertilization on potato production in sandy soil in arid region

The natural conditions: high temperatures, sandy soils with very low levels of organic matter and nutrients, saline water in the Oued Souf region are not favorable, in general, for agriculture. Despite these difficulties, the cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is very successful by the farmers of this region. However, the indiscriminate use of organic and chemical fertilizers remains a problem, contributing to pollution, especially in groundwater. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of mineral and organic fertilization on the yield of potatoes in the case of sandy soil. We followed the cultivation of the Fabulla potato variety on three local farms. One farm was located in Kouinine and received an application of 42 tons/ha of poultry manure, 250 kg/ha of N.P.Ks sulfated base (15–15–15), and 50 kg/ha of urea. The second farm was in Robbah and received an application of 24 tons/ha of cattle manure, 300 kg/ha of MAP (N.P: 12–52), and 50 kg/ha of Sulfan (total N, NO3, NH4: 24–12–12). The third farm was in Mih Ouansa and received an application of 21 tons/ha of poultry manure before planting and 7 tons/ha of the same manure after the plants had grown. During this study, we took samples of irrigation water, soil and finally we calculate the yield of potatoes. The results obtained from soil analysis at the flowering and maturation stages of potatoes show low N, P and K contents according to interpretation standards. In the end, the highest yield was observed on the third farm (Mih Ouansa), where they exclusively used organic fertilization in the form of 28 tons per hectare of poultry manure. In conclusion, farmers have to be aware of the environmental and economic consequences of the different organic amendments use.

Effect of organic fertilisers on the yield and quality of giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in Jharkhand

Effect of organic fertilisers on the yield and quality of giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in Jharkhand

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the activity of soil enzymes in soils of different compositions

The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the activity of soil enzymes in soils of different compositions