Effect Of Organic Fertilizers Research Articles

PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

The aim of the research was to study the effect of organic fertilizer and Nitrogen (N) on the growth and yield of peanuts on ultisol soils. The study was conducted in the Labibia sub district, Kendari city, from July to October 2023. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) in a factorial pattern with three replications consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely: control (B0), 5 t ha-1 (B1), 10 t ha-1 (B2), and 15 t ha-1 (B3). The second factor was Nitrogen fertilizer which consisted of 3 levels, namely control (P0), 100 kg ha-1 (NPK1), and 200 kg ha-1 (NPK2) so that there were 4x3x3=36 experimental units. Observation variables included: plant height(cm), leaf area(cm2), 100 seed dry weight (g), yield per plot (g) and yield per ha (t ha-1). The results showed that there was an interaction between organic fertilizer and Nitrogen on the observed variables. The best results were obtained on the treatment of 15 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer and 200 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer with the highest production reached 2.21 t ha-1.

Integrated Effect of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizers on yield of Groundnut and Soil Health Under Rainfed Condition

Although inorganic fertilizers increase the growth of crops, but their toxicity is the main concern due to their over utilization. To tackle this problem, the integrated application of organic amendment especially vermicompost, with NPK fertilizers would be a good choice. For this, the integrated effect of organic amendments including vermicompost (VC) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and chemical fertilizers (NPK) on yield of groundnut and soil health, a field trial was done at the research area of Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. The experiment was done with eight treatments in randomized complete block factorial design replicated thrice. The experimental data revealed that the treatment T8: Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (NPK 20:80:60 Kg ha-1) + VC @ 4t ha-1 + PSB had superior effect on plant height (54.76.23%), number of plants per m2 (22.25%), number of pods per plant (61.90%), pod yield (83.25%) and haulem yield (86.02%) as compared to control. Similarly, a higher benefit cost ratio (BCR) was observed in T8 than rest of the treatments and control. Soil fertility indicators (OM, NO3-N, P and K) were improved, indicating the improvement in soil health with the combine application of VC, PSB and RDF. A combination of organic amendment, bio fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer is necessary to optimize groundnut growth and yield attributes, as well as soil health.

Pseudomonas fluorescens with Nitrogen-Fixing Function Facilitates Nitrogen Recovery in Reclaimed Coal Mining Soils.

Coal mining has caused significant soil nitrogen loss in mining areas, limiting reclamation and reuse in agriculture. This article studies the effects of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the ability of nitrogen fixation on soil nitrogen accumulation and composition in the reclamation area of the Tunlan Coal Mine from 2016 to 2022 under the conditions of equal nitrogen application, providing a scientific basis for microbial fertilization and the rapid increase in nitrogen content in the reclaimed soil of mining areas. The results showed that as the reclamation time increased, the nitrogen content and the composition and structure of the soil treated with fertilization rapidly evolved toward normal farmland soil. The soil nitrogen content increased most rapidly in the presence of added P. fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB). Compared to other treatments (inorganic fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and P. fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB)), MB increased total nitrogen (TN) to normal farmland soil levels 1-3 years earlier. The comprehensive scores of MB and CFB on the two principal components increased by 1.58 and 0.79 compared to those of M and CF treatments, respectively. This indicates that the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer improves soil nitrogen accumulation more effectively than the combination of P. fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer. In addition, the application of P. fluorescens increases the content of unknown nitrogen (UN) in acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) and decreases the content of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and ammonia nitrogen (AN). However, there was no significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in soil-mineralized nitrogen (SMN). When combined with inorganic fertilizer, the contribution of SMN to TN increased by 14.78%, while when combined with organic fertilizer, the contribution of AHN to TN increased by 44.77%. In summary, the use of P. fluorescens is beneficial for nitrogen recovery in the reclaimed soil of coal-mining areas. The optimal fertilization method under the experimental conditions is the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer.

Role of Organic Fertilizer Types on Nutrient Absorption and Soybean Yield in Teak-based Agroforestry Systems

Background: Indonesia’s soybean production is insufficient to meet the demand for domestic soybean consumption as 86.4% demand is met from imports. Climatic conditions strongly influence soybean production and its quality in Indonesia, so the agroforestry system are used to to boost soybean production. However, the weakness of the agroforestry system is the low light intensity resulting in lower production. This study examines the effect of various organic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and soybean yields in teak-based agroforestry systems. Methods: The study used a complete randomized block design with one factor, namely the type of fertilizer with seven levels, namely inorganic fertilizer (Urea 50 kg/ha, SP36 100 kg/ha and KCl 100 kg/ha), Indigofera tinctoria compost, corncob compost, peanut green manure, chicken manure, goat manure and cow manure (dose of 5 tons/ha) and repeated three times. Result: The type of fertilizer affects nitrogen and potassium uptake, root length and biomass, number of leaves, plant biomass and 1 ha soybean yield in a teak-based agroforestry system. Indigofera tinctoria compost produced the highest nitrogen and potassium uptake, 13.83g and 2.77g. Nitrogen uptake is positively correlated with root length and plant biomass. The highest soybean yield in the peanut green manure treatment was 1.6 tons. Organic fertilizers increased nutrient uptake and soybean yields under teak stands compared to inorganic fertilizers.

Effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on the enhancement of growth and yield of cucumber

Effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on the enhancement of growth and yield of cucumber

Seeds Act as Vectors for Antibiotic Resistance Gene Dissemination in a Soil-Plant Continuum.

Though the evidence for antibiotic resistance spread via plant microbiome is mounting, studies regarding antibiotic resistome in the plant seed, a reproductive organ and important food resource, are still in their infancy. This study investigated the effects of long-term organic fertilization on seed bacterial endophytes, resistome, and their intergenerational transfer in the microcosm. A total of 99 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 26 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected by high-throughput quantitative PCR. The amount of organic fertilizer applied was positively correlated to the number and relative abundance of seed-associated ARGs and MGEs. Moreover, the transmission of ARGs from the rhizosphere to the seed was mainly mediated by the shared bacteria and MGEs. Notably, the rhizosphere of progeny seedlings derived from seeds harboring abundant ARGs was found to have a higher relative abundance of ARGs. Using structural equation models, we further revealed that seed resistome and MGEs were key factors affecting the ARGs in the progeny rhizosphere, implying the seed was a potential resistome reservoir for rhizosphere soil. This study highlights the overlooked role of seed endophytes in the dissemination of resistome in the soil-plant continuum, and more attention should be paid to plant seeds as vectors of ARGs within the "One-Health" framework.

The Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Fruit Quality in Amasya’ Apple Variety

The Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Fruit Quality in Amasya’ Apple Variety

Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield

The maturity degree of organic fertilizer affects its application effect, but this application effect difference and the underlying reasons for it remain largely unclear. This study explored the effects of cattle manure compost with different maturities on soybean yield, soil physicochemical properties, and biological properties, and the underlying reasons for the differences in the application effects of organic fertilizers with different maturities. The results showed that the T21d treatment (GI = 62.5%, germination index) had the optimal effect on increasing soybean yield, and its effect on improving basic soil physicochemical properties, active organic matter components, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity was the most obvious. Compared with the control (CK), the soybean yield was increased by 15.1% under T21d treatment, and the soil organic matter (OM), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were increased by 29.9%, 25.0%, 22.2%, and 8.4%, respectively; the dissolved organic matter (DOM), extractable humus (HE), humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA) contents in the soil were increased by 96.5%, 22.6%, 16.7%, and 30.6%, respectively; and the activities of soil phosphatase, neutral protease, urease, and cellulase were increased by 45.4%, 164.1%, 33.9%, and 128.9%, respectively. However, the fertilizer efficiency under the T28d, T45d, and T60d treatments with high-maturity organic fertilizers was lower than that under T21d. In general, the appropriate maturity of organic fertilizers has a positive effect on soil improvement and yield increase, but the excessive maturity of organic fertilizers reduces their application effects.

Effects of Organic Fertilization on Growth Response of Brachiaria (Mulato II) in Lushoto, Tanzania

The smallholder livestock keepers in Tanzania, like any other country in sub-Saharan Africa, depend heavily on the natural pastures that lack quality and nutrients for livestock. Efforts to establish pasture with Bracharia grass in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa to supplement the deficiency are inevitable. This study aimed to investigate the effects of farmyard manure fertilisation on the performance of Brachiaria grass (Mullato II) at Ubiri Village, Lushoto District, Tanzania. The study used two treatments, i.e., the number of harvest and fertility improvement options, whereby Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications were used. Data was collected on plant tiller number per bunch, tiller height (m), biomass (tha-1) and leaf area indices per treatment in replications. R software version 3.5.0 was employed to analyse the gathered data sets. We compared the mean difference using the standard error of the mean. The result indicated that tiller height, number of tillers, biomass yield and leaf area index, of the hybrid Brachiaria grass had increased significantly (P<0.05) by 59, 48, 68%, and 76 %, respectively, in the second Harvest (i.e., 22 weeks). It was revealed further that manure fertilisation showed positive effects on the growth response of the grass. The study recommended that the integration of farmyard manure should be promoted in Tanzania and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, a study should be conducted to investigate the effects of farmyard manure fertilisation on the nutritional value of Brachiaria grass in the area studied

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Seaweed Extract in Growth and Yield Broad bean Vicia faba L.

The experiment was conducted in the field of vegetables / of Horticulture and landscape Design Department / Faculty of Agriculture / University of Mosul_ during the season 2021-2022, to study the Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Seaweed Extract in Growth and Yield Broad bean, The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RBCD) and with three replications, the local Broad beans cultivar was used (Crystal), the first factor included spraying with organic fertilizer humic acid (H) at a concentration (0, 1, 2) ml.L-1 and the second factor spraying with seaweed extract (Super) (S) at a concentration (0, 1, 2) ml.L-1, and control treatment (0), and by four sprays, the results of the table that there is a significant superiority in the treatments of spraying with organic fertilizer and seaweed extract in the characteristics of vegetative growth and yield, compared to the comparison treatment for all concentrations and treatments used.

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Plants Thinning Date on Growth and Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

A field explore was done throughout the colder time of year time of 2021-2022 at two destinations, first at agricultural research and experiments station of Department of field crops/ Faculty of Agriculture and forestry-Mosul University and second at Badush dam to concentrate on reaction of safflower harvest to various degrees of organic fertilizer and plants thinning date in growth and yield qualities. The study included three levels of organic fertilizer (4, 8, 12 t/ha) and three dates for thinning plants (20, 30, 40 days from planting). Experiment was carried out according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the fertilizer level exceeded 30 t/ha significantly in plant height, number of branches / plant, leaf area, number of heads/ plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Percentage of oil and oil yield in both study sites, while the fertilizer level exceeded 15 t/ha in number of seeds/head. Date of thinning of plants after 20 days after planting significantly exceeded in the characteristics of number of branches / plant, leaf area, number of heads/ plant, number of seeds/ head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Percentage of oil and oil yield at both study sites, while the date of thinning after 40 days after planting exceeded in plant height. Interference between the fertilizer level exceeded 30 t/ha with the date of thinning of plants 20 days after planting in the characteristics of leaf area and seed yield.

Effect of Nano Potassium Spraying and Organic Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivar Sevra

Effect of Nano Potassium Spraying and Organic Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivar Sevra

Effect of Mycorrhizal Addition and Organic Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Potato in Autumn Season

A farmer’s fields in the Al-Azzawiya area / Al-Musayyib district 2021-2022, 40 km north of Hilla / Babylon province’s centre, were used for the experiment. Two elements were put in the split plot scheme of the Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). One replicate had eight experimental treatments, three replications, and the parameters were: - The first component was adding mycorrhiza to the comparative treatment (B0: no fertilisation, control, B1: 7.0 g. plant-1). The second factor: In addition to the control treatment, it added three kinds of organic fertiliser: C1: chicken waste (10 tons.ha-1), C2: humic fertiliser (3 tons.ha-1), and C3: vermicompost (4 tons.ha-1). The least significant difference (L.S.D.) comparing coefficient averages. The findings may be summarised as follows at 0.05. Mycorrhiza (7.0 gm. plant-1) increased plant height and chlorophyll, which showed substantial variations in the potato plant’s vegetative, quantitative, and qualitative traits. The number of marketable tubers was 6.84 tubers.plant-1, the output of one plant was 759.8 g. plant-1, the overall yield was 44.27 tons.ha-1, and the percentages of dry matter, starch, and N and K were in the tubers. The results of adding organic fertiliser showed that poultry waste significantly improved plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, number of marketable tubers (7.75 tubers. plant-1), yield of one plant (808.3 g. plant-1), total yield (47.99 tonnes.ha-1), dry matter, starch, and N, K in tubers. The bi-interaction therapy (mycorrhiza + organic manure and chicken waste) improved vegetative, quantity, and quality features, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll percentage of dry matter, and The number of marketable tubers was (9.11 tubers.plant-1), the yield of one plant was (880.5 gm.plant-1), the overall yield was (51.81 tons.ha-1), and the proportion of dry matter, starch, and (, KN) in tubers.

Effect of Zeolite, Poultry Manure and Mineral Fertilizers in Availability of NPK in Calcareous Soil

This experiment was conducted in one of fields belong to College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad–Station Research (F) in Jadriya. To find out effect of natural zeolite, organic fertilizer (poultry manure) and mineral fertilizers and their interactions on some soil characteristics in “Dounia” cabbage, a field experiment was carried out in fall season 2021. Treatments were replicated three times at factorial design in a RCBD. Factors of study experiment included addition of three levels of natural zeolite (without addition (Z0), 5 μg.ha-1 (Z5), and 10 μg.ha-1 (Z10), while poultry manure was added with three levels; without addition (O0), 5 μg.ha-1 (O5), and 10 μg.ha-1 (O10), As for mineral fertilizer treatments, they were added in three levels (50%, 75%, and 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation), which were 100 kg H-1 N, 150 kg H-1 P, and 150 kg H-1 K, which are denoted by symbols M50, M75, and M100, respectively. The experimental results showed that natural zeolite at 10 μg.ha-1 (Z10) significantly increased in in N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting crop, which amounted to 42.72 mg N kg-1 soil, 20.23 mg P kg-1 soil, and 201.05 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. Results also shows that poultry manure at 10 μg.ha-1 (O10) superiority of control treatment and gave highest N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting, which amounted to 44.77 mg N kg-1 soil, 21.66 mg P kg-1 soil, and 207.38 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. As for addition of mineral fertilizers, addition at 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation (M100) superiority of M50 and gave highest N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting, which amounted to 38.96 mg N kg-1 soil, 18.88 mg P kg-1 soil, and 191.57 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. Twice and triple interactions between the study factors significantly affected in availability of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Spraying with a Growth Stimulator on Some Chemical Properties of Vegetative Growth and Fruits of the Strawberry Plant Fragaria×ananassa

This study was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the agricultural season 2021 to study the effect of adding types of organic fertilizer (without addition, poultry waste, manufactured organic fertilizer), which are symbolized by (M0, M1, M2) in sequence.and the combination of one and a half recommendations with spraying with a growth stimulator that contains calcium, boron, zinc, magnesium, amino acids and molybdenum, and it had 6 levels (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) in the concentration of some elements for strawberry plants. The results show that the organic treatments recorded clear significant differences, especially the poultry manure treatment, which gave the highest values in the ratio (N, P, K) recorded (2.816, 0.48, 2.26) and did not differ significantly with M2 in TSS. M2 gave the lowest nitrate content and acidity (30.34, 0.40). As for the combination of fertilizers with spraying, treatment T3 gave the highest values in (N, P, K, TSS) recorded (2.345, 0.45, 2.07, 7.330) and the lowest acidity (0.41). With regard to the interaction between the two factors of the study, the two treatments, M1T3 and M1T6, recorded superiority in most of the studied traits, and M1T6 did not differ significantly from M2T6 in acidity, while M2T6 recorded the lowest nitrate content.

The Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Organic Fertilization on some Growth and Flowering Qualities of the Chrysanthemum Plant Calendula officinalis L.

The experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy - Faculty of Agriculture-Tikrit University - during the agricultural season 2020-2021 in plastic pots and planted Chrysanthemum seedlings, the seeds of which were grown in Cork dishes on 10/1/2020, the seedlings were transferred to plastic pots with a diameter of 14 cm when 5-4 of the real leaves were formed by 18 repeated treatments three times to make 54 experimental units using the following transactions : 1-inoculation with mycorrhiza fungus of the type Glomus mosseae at two levels (with and without inoculation). 2-using two-level compost(with and without compost) manufactured from printing papers in a ratio of (1: 3), i.e. 3 paper compost and 1 soil, Also an artificial ptomose was used with a ratio of (2-1). And mixed soils (for comparison treatment). 3-use chemical fertilizer with three levels (no fertilizer, half recommendation, full recommendation). The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi led to a significant increase in the dry weight rate.

The Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Moringa Leaves Extract on the Content of some Compounds and Nutrients in Olive Leaves

The study was Conducted in the Orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar for the season 2021-2022 on Olive Trees, cv. K18, at the age of 8 years, to find out the effect of adding Organic fertilizer at levels H0 without addition and H1, adding Humic acid at a Concentration of 10 g L-1 and H2, adding poultry waste at a level of 8 kg Tree-1 and the addition of NPK in three Concentrations N0 without addition and N1 concentration of 50g Tree-1 and N2 Concentration of 100g Tree-1 and spraying with Moringa Leaves extract with two concentrations M0 without spraying and M1 spraying with a concentration of 4% in the Content of Olive tree Leaves of some compounds and nutrients. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three Replications. The results showed the significant superiority of the Treatment of adding poultry waste at the level of 8kg Tree-1 in the Leaves Content of Total Phenols 105.59%, Phenol Oleuropein 92.03%, Nitrogen 1.585%, Phosphorus 0.119%, Potassium 0.831% and Magnesium 0.234%. and Calcium amounted to 1.239%, and the Treatment of adding Chemical fertilizer with a concentration of 100g Tree-1 excelled in all studied traits. As for spraying with Moringa Leaves extract, there were significant differences in the Leaves’ Content of compounds and nutrients. As for the binary and triple interactions between the study factors, they were There are significant differences in most of the studied traits.

The Effect Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Lof) From Rice Washing Water and Coconut Water Using Em4 On The Growth Of Chorella sp. At Laboratory Scale

Chlorella sp. has significantly higher nutritional content compared to artificial feed. To obtain Chlorella sp. as a natural feed, it was necessary to cultivate pure phytoplankton to meet the availability of crude feed in sufficient quantities. In conducting the cultivation, there was a need for liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) that could be easily obtained and was available in nature, which was liquid organic fertilizer made from a mixture of rice washing water and coconut water fermented using EM4. This research aimed to determine the density of Chlorella sp. using liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water, and coconut water fermented using EM4 and the effect of the best fertilizer dosage on the growth of Chlorella sp. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with four replications. The highest average cell density of Chlorella sp. throughout the research was obtained in treatment C (15 ml dosage), followed by treatment B (10 ml dosage), treatment D (20 ml dosage), and the lowest in treatment A (control). The application of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water and coconut water significantly affected the density of Chlorella sp. (p <0.05). The highest density was recorded on day 6 in treatment C with a dosage of rice washing water and coconut water of 15 ml, with a population density of 12,466.25 x 104 cells/ml.

Effects Of Lime And Poultry Manure On Soil Properties And Cucumber (Cucumis Sativum L) Performance In The Humid Tropics Of Southern Nigeria

Purpose: To investigate the effect of lime and organic fertilizer on soil properties and the performance of cucumber in Calabar.
 Method: Factorial combination of three levels of lime (0, 4 and 8 t/ha) and three levels of poultry manure (0, 3 and 6 t/ha), laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on crop growth and yield indices, and soil properties (physical, chemical and biological) each year, then combined and analyzed. Fisher’s least significant difference (FLSD) at 5 % probability was used to compare the means.
 Results: There was increase in soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium as well as the population of beneficial soil microorganisms. Lime, poultry manure (PM) and their interactions significantly (p <.0. 05) influenced the vegetative growth and fruit yield of cucumber. Cucumber treated with 8 t/ha lime had the highest vegetative growth and fruit yield (22.64 t/ha) values. Cucumber treated with 6 t/ha PM had superior growth and fruit yield (17.89 t/ha) than the control (14.27 t/ha). The interaction of 8 t/ha lime and 6 t/ha PM produced the highest values of vegetative growth and fruit yield of 25.66 t/ha and is therefore recommended for effective soil enhancement and optimum cucumber production in Calabar.
 

PENGARUH PUPUK LIMBAH CINCAU TERHADAP PENYAKIT DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA TANAMAN JAGUNG

Utilization of organic fertilizer aims to increase soil fertility and efforts to improve the balance of the corn plant ecosystem. One source of organic fertilizer is black grass jelly waste, both solid and liquid. Black grasss jelly waste is available in excess because factories that produce black grass jelly have not utilized the waste as an alternative to organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer from black grass jelly waste both solid and liquid on the abundance of insects and their natural enemies. This research started from September to December 2021. It took place at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Kadiri Islamic University, in Rejomulyo Village, Kediri City, with a pH of 7, daily temperature and humidity (±28.3°C and 72.2%) with rainfall 45 mm/month. Variable observations of downy mildew disease sentitivity index and insect diversity. The results showed that the effect of grass jelly fertilizer had an effect on the level of resistance to downy mildew attacks. In all the insects found were 47 families consisting of 6 orders. On diversity has a moderate value. In terms of evenness and species richness, it was found that all the results had high scores. So that the treatment of solid and liquid fertilizers against insect diversity is very good.