Effects Of Nutrition Research Articles

Effects of parenteral nutrition supplemented with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on gut-associated lymphoid tissue and morphology in mice.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral nutrition (EN) leads to marked atrophy of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), causing mucosal defense failure in both the gut and the extraintestinal mucosal system. We evaluated the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on GALT and gut morphology in PN-fed mice. Experiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice were assigned to the Chow (n = 12), Control (standard PN: n = 10), or H600 and H2000 (PN containing 600 mg/kg or H2000 mg/kg body weight of Ca-HMB: n = 12 and 10, respectively) groups. After 5 days of dietary manipulation, all mice were killed and the whole small intestine was harvested. GALT lymphocyte cell numbers and phenotypes of Peyer patch (PP), intraepithelial space, and lamina propria lymphocytes were evaluated. Experiment 2: 47 mice (Chow: n = 12; Control: n = 14; H600: n = 11; and H2000: n = 10) were fed for 5 days as in experiment 1. Proliferation and apoptosis of gut immune cells and mucosa, and protein expressions (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], caspase-3, and Bcl2) were evaluated in the small intestine. Compared with the Controls, the Chow and HMB groups showed significantly higher PP cell numbers, prevented gut mucosal atrophy, inhibited apoptosis of gut cells, and increased their proliferation in association with increased mTOR activity and Bcl2 expression. HMB-supplemented PN is a potentially novel method of preserving GALT mass and gut morphology in the absence of EN.

Stimulating action of sodium nitroprusside and vinasse on salicin and direct regeneration in Salix Safsaf Forssk.

The present study aimed to enhance salicin and direct regeneration inwillow (Salix safsaf Forssk) using the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and vinasse for its nutrition effect in culture medium. Internodes of Salix safsaf were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl adenine (BA) (0.25 mg L-1) and different concentrations of SNP (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1) or vinasse (0, 5, 10, and 20%) to examine shoot regeneration, antioxidant defense enzyme activity, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and salicine contents. The reported data revealed that application of SNP at15 mg L-1 and vinasse at10% induced asignificant effectin vitro Salix safsaf shoot regeneration. To confirm that, nitric oxide is required for auxin-mediated activation of cell division in a dose-dependent manner. A concentration of 15 mg L-1 SNP promotes regeneration and salicin accumulation (3162.16mg/100g) during signaling action. On the other hand, the cross talk effect of nitric oxide and vinasse combination inSalix safsaf significantly induced a synergistic effect on direct propagation more than vinasse alone. SNP significantly stimulates salicylate accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, but the data on the association of vinasse and SNP on salicylate up-regulation showed a significant reduction in salicin accumulation when SNP was combined with 10% vinasse, which directly affected the signaling action of SNP as secondary product stimulators. Vinasse's phenolic compounds affect directly on thereduction activity ofSNP to suppress its signaling action, or indirectly by inhibiting the sequence cascade of the SNP signaling transduction process to decrease the accumulation of salicin contents. Data confirmed that vinasse andSNP stimulatedtheantioxidant enzymes activity throw quenching thestimulated reactive oxygen species that produced via SNP. Results show that modified media with SNP administration at 15 mg L-1 and the combination of vinasse at 10% and SNP at 15 mg L-1 are recommended for modifying tissue culture media for induced direct regeneration and salicin accumulation in tissue culture applications, which will be very useful for commercial salicin overproduction as a biological active ingredient in willows.

Interactions between host plant quality and non‐consumptive predator effects on oviposition and larval behaviour of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Abstract The presence of predators can induce non‐consumptive effects on prey that result in subsequent changes to prey behaviour and defence. We investigate the interaction between top‐down non‐consumptive effects of various stages of the predator Coccinella septempunctata L.(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (larvae and adult) and bottom‐up effects of host nutrition on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) oviposition and larval host choice. We also compare the effect of presence of intact predators, predators without mandibles, confined predators and a no predator control treatment on P. xylostella larval growth, survival and herbivory. Host plant nutrition influenced the host choice of adult female P. xylostella; no interaction was observed between bottom‐up host plant nutrition and the presence of C. septempunctata adults or larvae on oviposition or larval host choice by P. xylostella. Predator presence impacted larval feeding and weight gain. The presence of free‐moving C. septempunctata adults without mandibles that could not predate P. xylostella reduced mean leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae to 1.88 ± 0.21 cm2 and reduced weight gain to 2.12 ± 0.16 mg. Despite differences in leaf damage and larval weight gain, survival remained consistent across the non‐consumptive treatments. Intact C. septempunctata larvae reduced leaf damage and subsequent P. xylostella larval weight gain. The presence of larval predators across the non‐consumptive treatments, however, had no effect on feeding damage or weight gain. Results of our investigation indicate that C. septempunctata causes some non‐consumptive effects on P. xylostella that depend on predator life stage, level of confinement and prey life stage. It is likely that P. xylostella responds to multi‐modal cues in predator detection.

Nutrition affects larval survival and the development of morphological traits in male and female flour beetles, but genital size and shape remains canalised.

The caloric content and macronutrient ratio of diet consumed is a major source of phenotypic variation in most animal populations. While these nutritional effects have been well-documented for a variety of life-history and morphological traits, the effects of nutrition on male genitals are poorly understood but genitals are thought to be more canalised than general morphology and hence less susceptible to variation in nutrition. Even less is known about the effects of nutrition on female genital form, which to our knowledge, have never been investigated. Here we tested for effects of juvenile dietary macronutrients (protein and carbohydrate) on larval survival, adult morphology, including genital size and shape in male and female flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum). We found there was nutritionally induced plasticity in larval survival and morphology, although the latter effect was variable, with body size being most responsive to dietary macronutrients and genital size and shape being least responsive. Functionally equivalent morphological traits in the sexes responded similarly to nutrition. Previously, we showed that the genitalia of male and female T. castaneum are subject to strong stabilising sexual selection, and our current findings suggest that developmental mechanisms reduce the nutritional sensitivity of male and female genitals, possibly to ensure matching during mating.

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Nutrition at the Molecular Level in Patients with Sepsis

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecule levels in sepsis patients receiving normal (1.3 mg/kg/day) and high (2 mg/kg/day) protein supplementation. Methods: Two groups of patients were compared based on protein supplementation: normal (1.3 mg/kg/day) and high (2 mg/kg/day). Levels of kallistatin, nesfatin-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) were measured. Disease severity was assessed using APACHE II, SAPS, and SOFA scores. Results: Demographic characteristics and intensive care scores were similar between groups (p>0.05). Group 1 had significantly higher 0-hour levels of HMGB-1, kallistatin, PAI-1, and nesfatin-1 compared to 24 and 48 hours (p<0.001). Group 2 had higher 0-hour levels, but changes were not significant (p>0.05) Conclusions: High-dose protein feeding in sepsis patients may not suppress inflammation-related protein synthesis despite the presence of oxidative damage and muscle catabolism.

PSVI-14 Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on first generation offspring oxidative status in skeletal muscle

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition (restricted- and over-nutrition) during gestation negatively impacts offspring pre- and post-natal growth. Previous work has identified decreased muscle mass and increased adiposity, leading to poor quantity and quality of animal protein products. Alterations in oxidative status, such as the imbalance of antioxidant activity and the production of free radicals, can result in oxidative stress damaging lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA. Changes in oxidative status may contribute to the poor growth outcomes observed in offspring from poorly nourished dams. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on the oxidative status in offspring skeletal muscle in sheep. We hypothesized that offspring of restricted- and over-fed ewes would have decreased antioxidant activity and increased products of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, multiparous Dorset ewes (n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100% (CON), 60% (RES), or 140% (OVER) of total nutrient requirements (NRC) from d 30 of gestation until parturition. Following parturition, ewes were fed a control diet throughout lactation. At d 282 of age semitendinosus (STN) samples were collected from rams at necropsy, and at d 284 of age muscle biopsies from STN were collected from ewes. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED with fixed effects of maternal diet and offspring sex. Data were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. The activity of the endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased by 45% and 33% in RES and OVER offspring, respectively, compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). Offspring sex did not alter STN SOD activity (P = 0.35). Muscle glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was decreased in RES offspring by 20% compared with CON (P ≤ 0.04), but neither differed from OVER offspring (P ≥ 0.24). Ewes had 34% greater GPx activity compared with rams (P < 0.0001). Offspring from RES and OVER ewes had 77% and 87% greater concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, when compared with CON (P < 0.0001). Ewes had 29% greater MDA concentrations compared with rams (P = 0.05). Protein carbonyl (PC), a marker of protein oxidation, concentrations were 36% and 38% greater in RES and OVER offspring, respectively, compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). The decrease in antioxidant activities and increase in products of protein and lipid oxidation in offspring from poorly nourished dams suggests dysregulation in skeletal muscle oxidative status that may contribute to the negative consequences observed in offspring. Future work should focus on determining the mechanistic role of skeletal muscle oxidative stress in the decreased quantity and quality of animal protein products and identifying potential strategies to mitigate alterations in oxidative status as a result of poor maternal nutrition during gestation.

Virus-Free Sweet Potato Industry: Development Status and Production Suggestions

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important food, feed, and industrial raw material and new energy crop. Its rich nutritional value and health effects are increasingly being recognized by consumers, and the demand is increasing. However, due to the continuous cultivation of sweet potato over many years, the degeneration of seedlings and the accumulation of viral diseases are important factors affecting the yield and quality of sweet potatoes. This article provides an overview and analysis of the types and hazards of sweet potato virus diseases, the advantages of virus-free sweet potatoes, the scale of virus-free sweet potato cultivation, sweet potato stem tip virus-free production technology, its development status, and the existing problems. Combined with the development of the sweet potato industry across China, relevant development suggestions are proposed to provide a reference for promoting the healthy, stable, sustainable, high-quality, and efficient development of the sweet potato industry.

282 Effects of granddam poor maternal nutrition during gestation on second generation offspring oxidative status in circulation and skeletal muscle

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition (under- or over-feeding) during gestation negatively impacts antioxidant activity and oxidative stress markers in first generation (F1) offspring. To determine if these alterations persist into subsequent generations, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0; n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100% (CON), 60% (RES), or 140% (OVER) of total nutrient requirements (NRC) from d 30 of gestation until parturition. At 16 to 19 mo of age, F1 ewes (n = 37) were maintained on a control diet and bred to generate second generation offspring (F2; CON-F2, RES-F2, OVER-F2 corresponding to F0 diet). At 112 and 224 d of age, plasma samples were collected from F2 offspring, and at d 284 semitendinosus (STN) samples were collected from rams at necropsy and muscle biopsies in ewes. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED where significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Circulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased by 21% and 25% in RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring, respectively, compared with CON-F2 (P < 0.0001). Plasma SOD activity was 17% less at d 224 than d 112 (P < 0.0001). Ewes had 9% greater circulating SOD activity compared with rams (P = 0.03). Muscle SOD activity was 31% and 35% greater in CON-F2 compared with RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring, respectively (P ≤ 0.003). Rams had 26% greater STN SOD activity than ewes (P = 0.006). Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was 14% greater in CON-F2 than RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring (P ≤ 0.003). Circulating GPx activity was 14% less at d 224 than d 112 (P < 0.0001). Muscle GPx activity was 39% and 35% greater in CON-F2 offspring compared with RES-F2 and OVER-F2, respectively (P < 0.0001). Ewes had 11% and 16% greater GPx activity in circulation and STN, respectively, than rams (P ≤ 0.005). Plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were 18% and 10% greater in RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring, respectively, than CON-F2 (P = 0.004). Circulating MDA concentrations were 20% greater at d 224 compared with d 112 (P < 0.0001). Concentrations of MDA in STN were increased in RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring by 36% and 50%, respectively, compared with CON-F2 (P ≤ 0.006). Ewes had 87% greater concentrations of MDA in STN compared with rams (P < 0.0001). Circulating protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations were 16% greater in RES-F2 offspring than CON-F2 and OVER-F2 (P ≤ 0.04). Plasma PC concentrations were 9% greater at d 224 compared with d 112 (P = 0.04). The concentrations of PC in STN were 81% and 69% greater in RES-F2 and OVER-F2 rams, respectively, compared with CON-F2 rams (P ≤ 0.0001). Alterations in oxidative status persist into the F2 generation and may impact muscle growth and metabolism.

437 Fetal Programming in Sheep: Epigenetic modifications in offspring from poorly nourished dams

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition (restricted- and over-feeding) during gestation can negatively impact the efficiency of livestock production by generating offspring with decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, and impaired metabolism. The mechanisms behind these altered phenotypes are not well-characterized. The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring growth and development begin in utero and contribute to metabolic dysregulation of offspring into maturity and across subsequent generations, demonstrating long-term negative effects on the livestock. Fetal programming results in epigenetic modifications that can involve changes in offspring gene expression and downstream function, with no alteration on the DNA sequence. Using a sheep model of poor maternal nutrition, we have previously shown that F1 offspring from restricted- and over-fed dams are smaller at 10 mo of age relative to offspring from control-fed dams. Additionally, we observed that this phenotype persisted in the F2 offspring from restricted-fed granddams, while F2 offspring from over- and control-fed granddams were of similar body weight. We have recently demonstrated that F1 offspring from poorly nourished ewes have differential methylation patterns and altered gene expression in liver tissue demonstrating a potential mechanism that contributes to persistent altered growth. We have also begun evaluating the effects of maternal nutrient restriction on the development of fetal small intestine, a key facilitator of nutrient transport. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters development of offspring small intestine and further understanding of developmental programming in key metabolic tissues can aid in the development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency of livestock production.

Intradialytic oral nutrition effects on malnourished hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial

Oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) is recommended for malnourished hemodialysis patients when their nutritional intake remains inadequate to meet energy and protein requirements. Patients were randomized into two groups: the intradialytic ONS supplements (INTRA-ONS) group (N = 16) and the interdialytic ONS supplements (INTER-ONS) group (N = 16) for a duration of 12 weeks. Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) and serum albumin levels were assessed. The total MIS decreased significantly in patients from both the INTRA-ONS group (− 6.13, 95% CI − 8.29 to − 3.96) and the INTER-ONS group (− 3.50, 95% CI − 5.56 to − 1.35). A significant difference in the change of MIS was observed between the two groups (− 3.06, 95% CI − 5.94 to − 0.17). No significant differences were observed between the groups concerning serum albumin levels, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, or body weight. Intradialytic ONS demonstrates similar benefits on nutritional biomarkers but improves the MIS among malnourished ESRD patients compared to interdialytic ONS.Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) identification number is TCTR20220322007: 16/09/2021.

Quantitative Evaluation of White Matter Injury by Cranial Ultrasound to Detect the Effects of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Babies: An Observational Study.

Nutrition in early life has an impact on white matter (WM) development in preterm-born babies. Quantitative analysis of pixel brightness intensity (PBI) on cranial ultrasound (CUS) scans has shown a great potential in the evaluation of periventricular WM echogenicity in preterm newborns. We aimed to investigate the employment of this technique to objectively verify the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on periventricular WM damage in preterm infants. Prospective observational study including newborns with gestational age at birth ≤32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g who underwent CUS examination at term-equivalent age. The echogenicity of parieto-occipital periventricular WM relative to that of homolateral choroid plexus (RECP) was calculated on parasagittal scans by means of quantitative analysis of PBI. Its relationship with nutrient intake through enteral and parenteral routes in the first postnatal week was evaluated. The study included 42 neonates for analysis. We demonstrated that energy and protein intake administered through the parenteral route positively correlated with both right and left RECP values (parenteral energy intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.413, p = 0.007; parenteral energy intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.422, p = 0.005; parenteral amino acid intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.438, p = 0.004; parenteral amino acid intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.446, p = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed these findings. Quantitative assessment of PBI could be considered a simple, risk-free, and repeatable method to investigate the effects of PN on WM development in preterm neonates.

Effects of early parenteral nutrition on the development of premature infants born at 22-23 weeks of gestation: a retrospective cohort study evaluated by brain magnetic resonance imaging.

The effect of early parenteral nutrition (EPN) therapy on brain development in extremely premature infants at a gestational age (GA) of 22-25 weeks remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of EPN therapy on GA 22 to 25 weeks of gestation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) global brain abnormality score (GBAS). Forty-six preterm infants born before 26 weeks of gestation were divided into the GA 22-23 weeks (GA 22-23; n = 18) and GA 24-25 weeks (GA 24-25; n = 28) group. Each infant received ≥3.0 g/kg/day of amino acids from day 1 of life and ≥1.0 g/kg/day of lipid emulsion the next day. Weight change during hospitalization, GBAS at discharge, and developmental quotient (DQ) until three years old were compared between the groups. GA 22-23 showed long-term postnatal weight loss, but weight at 41 weeks of postmenstrual age did not differ between the groups. The GBAS score was not significantly different, but the head circumference was smaller in GA 22-23 than in GA 24-25 until 2 years old. The DQ at 1-1.5 years old was lower in GA 22-23 than that of GA 24-25; however, there was no significant difference in DQ after 2 years old between the groups. The effect of nutritional support with EPN therapy in premature neonates born at <24 weeks of gestation may still be inadequate. GBAS is useful for assessing brain development in very preterm infants, and the importance of nutritional support during the first few weeks of life should continue to be explored.

Effects of Dietary Guanidinoacetic Acid on the Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Metabolism, and Meat of Confined Steers.

With the increase in population, it is increasingly necessary to produce food more efficiently. This has expanded the market for additives, which are products that directly (nutritional effect) or indirectly (effect on animal health) favor productivity. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a natural precursor of creatine. It acts as an energy reserve in skeletal muscle. In addition to being a compound with more significant bioavailability, it is more thermally stable and less expensive than creatine. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether adding GAA to the cattle diet would alter the meat's composition and fatty acid profile. We used 24 Holstein cattle males (409 ± 5.6 kg), approximately 15 months old, and separated them into four homogeneous groups, one being the control group and three groups with various dosages of GAA in the diets (3.3; 6.6, and 9.9 g/animal/day), for an experimental period of 60 days. Blood, rumen fluid, and animal weighing were performed at three points (days 1, 30, and 60), and daily feed consumption was measured. Steers fed with GAA (9.9 g/d) showed a 16.9% increase in average daily gain (ADG) compared to the control group. These same animals (T-9.9 group) fed with GAA showed a 20% increase in fed efficiency compared to the control group. Lower leukocyte, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts and lower cholesterol levels were observed in animals that consumed 6.6 g and 9.9 g/d GAA compared to the control group. Animals from the T-6.6 and T-9.9 groups showed 30% and 27.6% reduced bacterial activity in the rumen compared to the control group, respectively. Steers from the T-6.6 and T-9.9 groups fed with GAA showed a 20% and 37% increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to the control group, respectively. A higher concentration of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the ruminal fluid of cattle T-9.9 group was observed at day 60. The two highest doses of GAA showed lower fat levels in the meat, just as the cattle that received 9.9 g/d showed higher levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Complementary data results draw attention to the dose of 9.9 g/d GAA in cattle diets, as anti-inflammatory action can be seen and combined with a higher concentration of SCFAs, consequently increases weight gain. We concluded that consuming this GAA increases the concentration of some unsaturated fatty acids (omegas) in the meat, which adds quality to the product for the consumer.

The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

502 subjects were randomized to an intervention group (IG; dietary pattern focused on high intake of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), plant protein and fiber) or control group (CG; dietary recommendation in accordance with the German Society of Nutrition) within a 36-month dietary intervention trial. Sum scores for effectiveness, appreciation and practice of healthy nutrition were assessed using ATHN questionnaire during the trial (n = 344). Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between ATHN and dietary patterns at baseline and at month 12. Retirement, higher education level, age and lower body mass index (BMI) were associated with higher ATHN sum scores. ATHN was similar in CG and IG. Higher baseline intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and fiber as well as lower intake in saturated fatty acids (SFA) were associated with higher scores in practice in both groups. The intervention resulted in a stronger increase of UFA, protein and fiber in the IG after 12 months, while intake of SFA declined (p < 0.01). Higher scores in appreciation were significantly associated with higher intake of fiber and lower intake of SFA in the CG at month 12, whereas no associations between ATHN and macronutrient intake were observed in the IG after 12 months. While ATHN appeared to play a role in general dietary behavior, ATHN did not affect the success of the specific dietary intervention in the IG at month 12. Thus, the dietary intervention achieved a substantial modification of dietary pattern in the IG and was effective to override the impact of the individual ATHN on dietary behavior.

Multi-omics study unravels gut microbiota and metabolites alteration in patients with Wilson's disease

Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD), also known as Wilson's disease (WD), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder regarding copper metabolism. Whether gut microbiota imbalance is involved in developing HLD remains unknown. A comprehensive 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and metabonomic analysis were undertaken in patients with WD to analyze the composition and function profiles of gut microbiota in patients with WD. The data demonstrated differences in gut microbiota and metabolic pathways between WD patients and normal individuals, significantly decreasing bacterial richness and diversity. The levels of Selenomonaceae and Megamonas in WD patients are significantly higher than those in healthy individuals. The relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans in patients with WD are lower than in healthy individuals. Compared with healthy people, the level of metabolites in patients with WD is abnormal. Leucylproline, 5-Phenylvaleric Acid and N-Desmethylclobazam, which have nutritional and protective effects, are significantly reduced fecal metabolites in patients with WD. D-Gluconic acid, which can chelate metal ions, may be a potential treatment for WD. The positive correlation it demonstrates with Alistipes indistinctus and Prevotella stercora indicates potential bacteria able to treat WD. These metabolites are mainly related to the biosynthesis of antibiotics, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, one carbon pool by folate, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. In conclusion, the data from this study elucidate novel mechanisms describing how abnormal gut miccrobiota contribute to the pathogenesis of WD and outlines new molecules for the treatment of WD.

E-waste: a global threat with an impact on nutrition

Introduction: The generation and increase of electronic waste (e-waste) represents a focus of attention in the biomedical area due to the devastating impact on health. The importance and study ranges from toxicological understanding in adults to teratological effects in neonates. Studies have shown that e-waste affects the uptake of micronutrients, in addition to environmental contamination. Objective: To describe the main nutritional effects of e-waste in vulnerable populations. Methods: A retrospective descriptive model was performed following the PRISMA model, including manuscripts that were published since 2015. Results: Of the total number of articles identified, 21 articles were selected that met the established criteria. E-waste has a great impact on the environment by contaminating soil, food, vegetables, and air. Through these routes, children, pregnant women, and recyclers can acquire different toxic compounds. The main affectations described are alterations in iron metabolism and glycemic index, metabolic alterations, changes in the microbiota, affectation in the synthesis of antibodies and metabolic activity of reparative enzymes. Conclusions: Personnel in nutrition and related areas should understand the mechanism of action of e-waste, nutrient utilization, and the effect of metals and compounds derived from e-waste to avoid nutritional deficiencies

Antiarthritic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Different Types of Milk in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Male Adult Rats

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that could be managed by an attenuation in dietary habits. With the increase in research that links the effect of nutrition linked to RA. Purpose: Our study aimed to determine the possible therapeutic effect of different types of milk in rat models experimentally induced with RA using 40 ml milk (camel (CM), goat (GM), sheep (SHM), cow (CWM), almond (AM), and soy milk (SM)). Methods: Forty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided into eight groups (five rats each) as follows: (Control group): nonarthritic, (RA): rheumatoid arthritis, (RA+CM): RA having CM, (RA+GM): RA having GM, (RA+SHM): RA having SHM, (RA+CWM): RA having CWM, (RA+AM): RA is having AM, and (RA+SM): RA has SM. Results: It has been observed that in the RA group and milk-treated groups, but not in the RA+CM group, the arthritis score changed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) in comparison with the control group. CM and GM showed promising effects in downregulating various arthritis effector players including anticitrullinated peptide antibodies, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, and other inflammatory mediators, which may be attributed to their lowest ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Conclusion: A possible benefit of this research is the potential development of new functional foods that promote health, prevent disease, and potentially enable the milk to be used as a therapeutic agent for RA.

The Relationship of Certain Diseases and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

One of the important markers affecting aging processes is the increase in inflammatory markers. Many chronic diseases are associated with inflammation and chronic inflammation increases with aging. Inflammation can change with dietary components. Foods, compounds and nutrients that have anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory properties attract attention. According to the Dietary Inflammatory Index, positive scores are obtained if the nutrient has a proinflammatory effect on cytokines, and negative scores are obtained if it has an anti-inflammatory effect. A higher proinflammatory diet is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disease, cancers and musculoskeletal health and related mortality. In this study, its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, musculoskeletal diseases, dementia, depression and cancer, which are more common in older adults and known to be associated with inflammation, was examined. Although studies involving under 65years old are more prevalent, research involving older adults and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is more limited. It is known that chronic inflammation increases with aging. Diet is one of the factors affecting inflammation. In the light of these investigations, the topics of anti-inflammatory nutrition and DII for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases in older adults are strong and open to development topics of discussion. Despite the significant interest in the potential positive effects of anti-inflammatory nutrition on diseases, contributing to clearer evidence of its protective effects on health necessitates further randomized controlled trials, in vivo, in vitro, cell, animal, human and case-control studies for better risk assessment.

Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BackgroundLifestyle interventions are key to the control of diabetes and the prevention of complications, especially when used with pharmacological interventions. This protocol aims to review the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in relation to nutrition and physical activity within the West African region. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to understand which interventions for lifestyle modification are implemented for the control of diabetes in West Africa at the individual and community level, what evidence is available on their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control and why these interventions were effective.MethodsWe will review randomised control trials and quasi-experimental designs on interventions relating to physical activity and nutrition in West Africa. Language will be restricted to English and French as these are the most widely spoken languages in the region. No other filters will be applied. Searching will involve four electronic databases — PubMed, Scopus, Africa Journals Online and Cairn.info using natural-language phrases plus reference/citation checking.Two reviewers will independently screen results according to titles and abstracts against the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify eligible studies. Upon full-text review, all selected studies will be assessed using Cochrane’s Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias of a study and the ROBINS-I tool before data extraction. Evidence will be synthesised narratively and statistically where appropriate. We will conduct a meta-analysis when the interventions and contexts are similar enough for pooling and compare the treatment effects of the interventions in rural to urban settings and short term to long term wherever possible.DiscussionWe anticipate finding a number of studies missed by previous reviews and providing evidence of the effectiveness of different nutrition and physical activity interventions within the context of West Africa. This knowledge will support practitioners and policymakers in the design of interventions that are fit for context and purpose within the West African region.Systematic review registrationThis systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42023435116. All amendments to this protocol during the process of the review will be explained accordingly.

The effect of preoperative supplementary parenteral nutrition on nutrition and inflammation in gastric cancer patients

ObjectivesSupplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) is recommended to add when enteral nutrition alone is not sufficient. This research aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative SPN in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 180 patients with gastric cancer were divided into three groups (60 patients per group) according to different nutritional support scheme. The primary endpoint was the changes in nutrition and inflammatory, while the secondary endpoint included the changes in prognosis.ResultsCompared with the control group, there were significant differences in nutrition and inflammation related indicators in the oral nutrition supplement (ONS) group and the SPN + ONS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the ONS group, the SPN + ONS group showed significant differences in the above indicators (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in the incidence of complications, the postoperative exhaust time, and the hospitalization time.ConclusionsPreoperative SPN had a positive effect on nutrition and inflammation of gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery, but had no significant effect on their prognosis.