Effect Of Nutritional Management Research Articles

Effect of nutrition management and irrigation methods and schedule on productivity, economics and water-use efficiency in soybean (Glycine max) chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cropping sequence in alluvial soil

A field experiment was conducted during 2011–12 and 2012–13 at Morena, Madhya Pradesh, to study the ef fect of nutrition management, and methods and scheduling of irrigation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cropping sequence. An irrigation at 0.6 irrigation water:cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratio resulted in significantly higher growth, yield attributes, seed yield, economic benefits and water pro ductivity of soybean compared with 0.4 and 0.8 IW:CPE. Similarly, an irrigation at 0.4 IW:CPE ratio significantly in fluenced the yield-attributing characters, seed and straw yields, economic benefits and water productivity of chickpea compared with 0.6 and 0.8 IW:CPE ratios, whereas height and number of branches increased with in creasing IW:CPE ratio. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher growth and yield attributes, seed and straw yields, economic benefits and water productivity of both the crops. The irrigation at 0.6 IW:CPE ratio showed 51.3% and 39.0% higher seed of soybean over 0.4 and 0.8 IW:CPE ratio, whereas 0.4 IW:CPE of irrigation yielded 14.5% and 32.5% higher seed of chickpea compared with 0.6 and 0.8 IW:CPE. Mean response of sprinkler irriga tion was recorded 8.3% in soybean and 11.7% in chickpea higher seed yield over check basin irrigation. Likewise, increases in growth and yield attributes, seed yield, water productivity and protein production of soybean and chickpea were noticed with application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 2.5 t FYM/ha compared with other nutrition treatments. Addition of 75% RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha also achieved higher system productivity, net profit and production and economic efficacy. After harvesting of the second crop of chickpea, maximum availability of N, P, K and S was recorded under 0.4 IW:CPE ratio, sprinkler irrigation and application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha compared to other treatments.

Effect of variable irrigation supply based diversification of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) system on productivity, profitability, soil fertility and water expense efficiency

A field experiment was conducted during 2011–12 and 2012–13 at Morena, Madhya Pradesh, to study the ef fect of nutrition management, and methods and scheduling of irrigation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cropping sequence. An irrigation at 0.6 irrigation water:cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratio resulted in significantly higher growth, yield attributes, seed yield, economic benefits and water pro ductivity of soybean compared with 0.4 and 0.8 IW:CPE. Similarly, an irrigation at 0.4 IW:CPE ratio significantly in fluenced the yield-attributing characters, seed and straw yields, economic benefits and water productivity of chickpea compared with 0.6 and 0.8 IW:CPE ratios, whereas height and number of branches increased with in creasing IW:CPE ratio. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher growth and yield attributes, seed and straw yields, economic benefits and water productivity of both the crops. The irrigation at 0.6 IW:CPE ratio showed 51.3% and 39.0% higher seed of soybean over 0.4 and 0.8 IW:CPE ratio, whereas 0.4 IW:CPE of irrigation yielded 14.5% and 32.5% higher seed of chickpea compared with 0.6 and 0.8 IW:CPE. Mean response of sprinkler irriga tion was recorded 8.3% in soybean and 11.7% in chickpea higher seed yield over check basin irrigation. Likewise, increases in growth and yield attributes, seed yield, water productivity and protein production of soybean and chickpea were noticed with application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 2.5 t FYM/ha compared with other nutrition treatments. Addition of 75% RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha also achieved higher system productivity, net profit and production and economic efficacy. After harvesting of the second crop of chickpea, maximum availability of N, P, K and S was recorded under 0.4 IW:CPE ratio, sprinkler irrigation and application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha compared to other treatments.

Effects of nutritional management using Partially Hydrolyzed GuarGum with diarrhea control on infants with short bowel syndrome

Effects of nutritional management using Partially Hydrolyzed GuarGum with diarrhea control on infants with short bowel syndrome

104 Effects of nutritional management and implant strategies on growth and carcass performance of steers selected for superior marbling

Abstract A 187-day study utilizing Angus steers (283±4.4 kg) in a 2 x 2 factorial examined the effects of diet and implant strategy on growth and carcass performance of steers selected from Iowa State’s Angus herd genetically selected for enhanced marbling. Factors included diet: finishing (63 NEg; 12% roughage; FIN) or backgrounding (57 NEg, 30% roughage) fed for first 70 days before transitioning to finishing diet (BKG) and implant strategy (IMP): single, long duration implant administered on d0 (Synovex One Feedlot, Zoetis; ONE) or a multiple, regular duration implant strategy (Synovex S on d0, Synovex Choice on d70 and d155, Zoetis; SCC) designed to match trenbolone acetate delivery of 200 mg. Steers were stratified to treatment by marbling potential and initial body weight, and fed via bunks that captured individual steer feed disappearance (n = 15 steers/treatment). Carcass ultrasound, including percent intramuscular fat (IMF), was collected on d0, 70, 155, and 187. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, IMP, and interaction. Initial weight was covariate for performance data, and initial IMF was covariate for IMF analysis. Steers fed BKG had greater DMI, lower ADG, and decreased G:F (P< 0.01) during first 70 days versus FIN. Implant strategy had no effect on growth at d0-d154. From d155-d187, IMP affected ADG (P=0.01) with ONE having lesser ADG, while BKG had greater ADG than FIN. ONE had greater marbling and IMF (P=0.01) on d187 than SCC, suggesting greater IMF deposition during the final re-implant period (d155-d187) and reinforcing the importance for timing of implant administration. Regardless of IMP or diet, steers selected for enhanced marbling graded 100% Choice and higher with 65% of carcasses grading Prime, suggesting potential for using implants to increase efficiency without sacrificing carcass quality.

Effect of Nutrition Management and Application of Zeolite on Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Water Productivity in Two Maize Cultivars (Zea mays L.) under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

Effect of Nutrition Management and Application of Zeolite on Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Water Productivity in Two Maize Cultivars (Zea mays L.) under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

Effect of nutrition management on self-care ability, nutritional status and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To expolre the effect of nutrition management on self-care ability, nutritional status and quality of life of chronic nephropathy patients. Methods A total of 96 patients with chronic kidney disease who received peritoneal dialysis in the hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as subjects.The selected patients were divided into control group and observation group with 48 cases each.The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group applied nutrition management on the basis of the nursing plan of the control group.After 6 months of nursing, the improvement of self-nursing ability, nursing effect, nutrition status and quality of life of patients in the two groups was observed. Results The patients in the observation group were better than the control group in 6 aspects: compliance with medical drugs, urine protein monitoring, diet control, regular exercise, complication prevention and nursing, and treatment of high and low proteinemia, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The fatigue degree, pain and discomfort degree, the degree of emotional distress, the number of medical visits and the score of adverse drug reactions were all higher in the observation group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The scores of physiological function, social relationship and treatment in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The serum levels of total protein, albumin and IgG in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The NRS-2002 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions Nutrition management can effectively improve the self-care ability of patients with chronic kidney disease, and has a clear effect on improving the nursing effect, nutritional status and quality of life of patients. Key words: Chronic kidney disease; Self-care ability; Nutritional status; Quality of life

A study on the effects of nutrition management during pregnancy on lowering cesarean section rate in gravidas of normal pre-pregnant body mass index

目的 探讨个体化膳食干预对降低剖宫产率的作用。 方法 对2013年1月至2014年5月在首都医科大学密云教学医院建档保健的780例孕前体重指数正常（≥18.5~≤23.9）、无内外科合并症的单胎初产孕妇进行前瞻性随机对照研究。780例孕妇在我院建档时,随机分为研究组（390例）和对照组（390例）。研究组剔除57例，脱失51例；对照组剔除71例，脱失7例。最终纳入分析者研究组282例，对照组312例。所有孕妇进行集体孕妇学校宣教了解孕期营养及体重管理的目的、意义和方法；研究组在对照组集体宣教的基础上分别在早、中、晚孕时由营养专家进行一对一的膳食干预孕期营养宣教管理，制定个体化的饮食食谱，定期监测体重变化，针对体重增长过快的孕妇，给予个体化指导。分别记录2组孕妇孕前体重指数、孕期增重、分娩前体重指数、巨大儿发生率、产时出血量。采用t检验、单因素方差分析、χ2检验、logistic回归分析等方法进行统计学分析。 结果 研究组孕期增重（16.4±5.1） kg，低于对照组（20.1±4.4） kg，差异有统计学意义（t=9.96，P=0.001）；研究组分娩前体重指数27.2±2.4，低于对照组的28.4±2.3，差异有统计学意义（t=6.02，P=0.001）；研究组剖宫产率亦低于对照组[38.4%（107/282）与51.6%（161/312），χ2=10.68， P=0.001]；中位产时出血量260（100~1 800） ml，低于对照组[300（100~3 500） ml]，差异有统计学意义（t=2.92，P=0.004），巨大儿发生率显著低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义[（3.9%（11/282）与9.6%（30/312），χ2=7.53，P=0.006]。Logistic回归分析显示，孕妇年龄、分娩前体重指数、是否参加膳食干预营养指导是影响剖宫产率的相关因素。 结论 由专业营养师在孕期进行个体化膳食干预营养管理，可以合理控制孕期体重增长，降低分娩前体重指数，降低巨大儿发生率，进而降低剖宫产率，同时降低产后出血的发生。

Nutritional management contributes to improvement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: A preliminary, prospective, open‐label study

Problems in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) include episodes such as falls and deficient driving skills, without any recognition of neurophysiological dysfunction. Patients with MHE are also more likely to develop overt hepatic encephalopathy. However, there is not yet any interventional strategy for MHE involving nutritional management. We conducted a preliminary study to investigate the proportion of positive MHE and the effects of nutritional management on MHE. Patients with viral liver cirrhosis and abnormal neuropsychological tests were included. Nutritional consultations were conducted periodically by a dietitian, who recommended 30-35 kcal with 1.0-1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal bodyweight/day. The primary end-point was to evaluate the proportion of patients who recovered from MHE. The secondary end-point was to evaluate the improvement in the patients' quality of life (QOL). Thirty-two (30.1%) of 106 patients were diagnosed with MHE. Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study. Eleven of 19 patients became non-MHE after 4 weeks, and 13 of 19 patients (68.4%, P < 0.001) after 8 weeks. The mental summary scores were significantly improved at 8 weeks (P = 0.0413). Changes in albumin levels from week 0 to week 8 were 0.15 ± 0.16 g/dL in the improved MHE group and -0.28 ± 0.33 g/dL in the non-improved MHE group, which differ significantly (P = 0.0130). Periodical nutritional management improved MHE and QOL. Improving the patient's nutritional condition may be one approach to treating MHE.

Effect of nutritional management during the postpartum period of primiparous autumn-calving cows on dam and calf performance under range conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different winter nutritional management regimens in primiparous, autumn-calving heifers on dam and calf performance. In experiment 1, 41 Aberdeen Angus×Hereford fall-calving beef heifers grazed native pastures (NP) for 78days postpartum (pp) when they were assigned to one of two treatments during 94days of winter: (i) grazing NP (NP; n=21); (ii) grazing improved pastures with Lotus subbiflorus (IP, n=20). Calves were weaned when dams reached 203dayspp and cows were artificially inseminated (AI) at 237dayspp. In experiment 2, 41 Aberdeen Angus×Hereford fall-calving beef heifers grazed NP for 87dayspp, when they were assigned to one of three treatments during 90days of winter: (i) grazing NP (NP, n=14); (ii) grazing improved pastures with L. subbiflorus (IP; n=13); (iii) grazing native pastures supplemented with a concentrate (S, n=14). Supplemented cows were offered a concentrate (16% CP) daily at 1% of BW. On day 210pp, calves were weaned and AI in cows was conducted on day 270pp. Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), milk production (MP), presence of corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancy rate (PR) were measured during the experiment. In Experiment 1, at the end of winter, cows in the IP group weighed more (P<0.05) and had greater (P<0.05) BCS than cows in NP; these differences were maintained until day 270pp. When AI commenced there were no difference in the incidence of CL presence and final PR was similar for cows in both treatments. MP was greater (P<0.05) in IP than in NP cows (average: 3.8 vs. 2.4kg/day). At weaning calves in IP were heavier than calves in NP group (182.6 vs. 117.3kg). In Experiment 2 from the end of winter until AI, cows in the S group weighed more (P<0.05) and had greater (P<0.05) BCS than cows in NP and IP. At the beginning of AI there was a tendency (P=0.08) for a higher percentage of cows in NP with CL compared to IP (86 vs. 54%), and there was no difference compared to S cows (71%). Final PR was similar for cows in all treatments (93, 92 and 100% for NP, IP and S, respectively). Milk production was greater (P<0.001) in S than in NP cows (average: 3.8 vs. 2.8kg/day), and no differences were found with respect to IP cows (3.3kg/day). At weaning, calves from S were heavier than calves from IP. Both these groups of calves were heavier than NP calves (141.5, 134.1 vs. 122.4kg; P<0.05). Reproductive performance in autumn-calving cows managed during winter on native pastures was not affected during the following spring, but calves were lighter at weaning than those kept in better winter nutritional conditions.

The effect of nutritional management on the mood of malnourished patients

Starvation and weight loss are common accompaniments of severe illness. The functional consequences of such malnutrition include not only physical changes but also psychological changes such as depression, anxiety, irritability, apathy, poor sleep pattern and loss of concentration. We carried out a pilot observational study in 22 undernourished patients at the time of referral to the nutritional team and after 8 days of nutritional support, using the Profile of Mood States Score (POMS) questionnaire to determine whether measurable and clinically significant changes in mood occurred with treatment. Twenty-two undernourished patients with gastrointestinal disease were studied during the first week of treatment by the nutrition team. Psychological assessment was performed using a structured and standardised questionnaire assessing mood states (tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue, confusion). The questionnaire was administered to the patients by the same interviewer on days 1 (start of treatment by the nutrition team) and 8. Median (IQR) scores for tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion were 21.5 (11.5), 29.0 (15.8), 15.0 (11.8), 6.0 (7.5), 20.0 (8.5) and 12.0 (7.0) respectively on day 1. Corresponding scores on day 8 were 4.0 (8.8), 3.5 (6.0), 1.0 (1.8), 20.0 (7.5), 10.0 (8.8) and 2.5 (6.8). The improvement in scores seen on day 8 was statistically significant (p<0.01). Nutritional status and treatment have important effects on the psychology of patients and formal measurements of psychological function will form an important part of nutritional assessment and monitoring in the future.

Body weight and measurements of Holstein heifers under intensive management in Indonesia

Optimising heifer growth rates is an essential component of dairy replacement management in order to ensure sustainable heifer replacement stocks. Continuous evaluation of the growth pattern of heifers in a herd may be used to identify particular effects of nutritional management and the environment. Body weight is considered the most useful indicator of a heifer’s growth rate, both in practice and experiment work, along with body measurements reflecting the skeletal growth of heifer. The aims of this research are to investigate: 1) body trait : age relationships, 2) ratio of body measurements to body weight, and 3) to predict body weight based on body measurements of Holstein heifers in Indonesia.

Appropriate Nutritional Support in Acute and Complicated Crohn’s Disease

Crohn's disease is frequently complicated by protein-calorie malnutrition. Four common clinical presentations of Crohn's disease include acute exacerbations or flares of disease, intestinal obstruction, fistulizing disease, and perianal disease. In this review, we examine the role of nutritional support in these clinical scenarios. Nutritional support is important for maintaining functional status and preventing loss of lean tissue. Determinants of lean-tissue loss include severity of underlying injury, baseline nutritional status, and duration of inadequate nutrition. One of the clinically useful measures of nutritional status is the nutritional risk index (NRI) defined on the basis of the serum albumin and weight loss. Nutritional support is important in severely malnourished patients (NRI < 83). Enteral nutrition is the route of choice, provided there are no contraindications to using the gastrointestinal tract. In acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease, enteral nutrition also has a role in the primary management of disease although it is not as effective as corticosteroids in inducing remission. The mechanisms are poorly understood and the most effective enteral formulation needs to be determined. Total parenteral nutrition is justified in severely malnourished Crohn's disease patients who are unable to tolerate enteral feeding or in whom enteral feeding is contraindicated. More clinical studies are needed on the assessment of malnutrition in Crohn's disease, the effects of nutritional management on functional status, and the timing of nutritional intervention.

Effect of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and norgestomet implant on attainment of puberty in beef heifers.

We conducted a study to evaluate the influences of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and exogenous progesterone on attainment of puberty in beef heifers. Heifers (n = 180) were assigned at weaning to blocks and treatments. Treatments included two dietary regimens (corn silage vs pasture + oatlage), trace mineral supplementation, and puberty induction strategy (with or without progestin implant). Heifers that received pasture + oatlage were managed on grass-legume pastures from October 14 until December 14 and were then placed in pens and fed an oatlage-based diet through May 1994. Heifers fed the corn silage-based diet were housed in pens throughout the study. Norgestomet was implanted in half of the heifers on April 11 for 10 d. Progestin implant increased (P < .05) the number of heifers that had attained puberty by the end of the study, compared with nonimplanted heifers (89% vs 71%). Trace mineral supplementation did not affect percentage of heifers that reached puberty before the implant period. Plasma copper levels were below recommended levels in heifers fed oatlage-based diets without trace minerals. We conclude that heifers can be placed on regrowth in irrigated pastures during the fall and still make acceptable gains for attainment of puberty the following spring and that progestin treatment can aid in inducing heifers to reach puberty.

手術侵襲による生体反応としての蛋白，エネルギー代謝動態の変動と栄養管理の効果

侵襲下におけるエネルギーおよび蛋白代謝動態の変動と, 栄養管理がこれに与える影響を検討した.食道癌, 胃・大腸手術症例46例にグリセロール代謝回転, 間接熱量測定, 血中FFA, ケトン体を測定したところ, 侵襲下では脂肪の分解・合成・再合成, エネルギー消費量が亢進していた.同じく61例につき15N gly定速静注法で全身蛋白代謝回転を測定したところ合成, 分解とも侵襲が大きくなると増加した.以上エネルギー消費量, 蛋白エネルギー基質の代謝回転は侵襲の大きさと比例して亢進した.胃・大腸手術52例をアミノ酸1.0, 1.5, 2.0g/kg/d投与する3群に分け, 同38例を30%および21%BCAAを投与する2群に分け, また食道癌手術12例をヒト成長ホルモン (HGH) 24IU/d投与する群と非投与群に分けて検討したところ, アミノ酸の増量, 高濃度BCAA投与, HGH投与の蛋白代謝改善効果を認め, いずれも蛋白代謝が活発となり特に合成の増加が著明であった.

The two-carbon chain in metabolism.

THE IMPACT of the nutritional environment upon an organism cannot be appreciated without reference to cellular physiology and to the biochemical events which underlie cell function. The science of biochemistry, therefore, has become increasingly important in the interpretation of nutritional effects and, for that matter, of all the properties and responses of living matter. Biochemistry can no longer be considered by the medical student or the physician as a dispensable and esoteric subject. It provides the disciplinary base for an increasing number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the practice of medicine. Nutritional therapy can best be understood by visualizing both the pathologic physiology and the effect of nutrition management in biochemical terms. The fate of the 2-carbon chain active acetate bears directly on a variety of essential metabolic processes such as energy production, ketone body formation, and fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Its functional distribution is dependent upon proper