Effects Of Neurofeedback Training Research Articles

Effects of neurofeedback training on the cervical movement of adults with forward head posture.

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of neurofeedback training on postural changes in the cervical spine and changes in the range of motion of the neck and in the Neck Disability Index in adults with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of the study were 40 college students with forward head posture, randomly divided into a neurofeedback training group (NFTG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=20). The neurofeedback training group received six sessions of pottery and archery games, each for two minutes, three times per week for four weeks, using the neurofeedback system. [Results] There were no significant effects within and between groups in terms of the absolute rotation angle, anterior weight bearing, and range of extension and flexion by x-ray imaging. There were significant effects in the neurofeedback training group pre- intervention and post-intervention in Neck Disability Index. There were significant effects between groups in Neck Disability Index. [Conclusion] It is thought that neurofeedback training, a training approach to self-regulate brain waves, enhances concentration and is therefore an effective intervention method to improve neck pain and daily activities.

Effects of neurofeedback training on the brain wave of adults with forward head posture.

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of neurofeedback training on electroencephalogram changes in the cervical spine in adults with forward head posture through x-ray. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of the study were 40 college students with forward head posture, randomly divided into a neurofeedback training group (NFTG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=20). The neurofeedback training group performed six sessions of pottery and archery games, each for two minutes, three times per week for four weeks, while using the neurofeedback system. [Results] There were significant effects within and between groups in terms of the Delta wave, the Theta wave, the Alpha wave, the Beta wave, or the sensory motor rhythm. Especially, the Delta wave, Beta wave, and the sensory motor rhythm were showed significant effects between the groups. [Conclusion] It is thought that neurofeedback training, a training approach to self-regulate brain waves, enhances concentration and relaxation without stress, as well as an increase in attention, memory, and verbal cognitive performance. Therefore an effective intervention method to improve neck pain and daily activities.

Effect of the Theta-Beta Neurofeedback Protocol as a Function of Subtype in Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractNeurofeedback is a neuronal self-regulation technique that teaches people to modulate their brain frequencies using visual and auditory reinforcements presented on a computer screen. To assess the effect of neurofeedback training in children with ADHD as far as improved attention and impulse control, and analyze whether or not there are differences between the inattentive and hyperactive subtypes. Fifty children diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study: 14 comprised the control group, and 36 the experimental group (16 with the inattentive ADHD subtype, 20 with the hyperactive ADHD subtype). Attention and impulse control were assessed using the Integrated Visual Auditory CPT (IVA/CPT). Results indicated that the predominantly inattentive group showed significant differences on the Control Scale (p = .023, d = 1.31) and the Attention Scale (p < .01, d = 1.89) of the IVA/CPT; meanwhile the predominantly hyperactive group showed significant improvement on the Control Scale (p = .016, d = 1.21). The control group exhibited no significant differences on either of the two scales (p > .5). In terms of theta/beta ratio, no significant differences were detected (p = .10) between ADHD subtypes. The findings suggest that neurofeedback training using the theta/beta protocol was more effective in the predominantly inattentive subset of individuals with ADHD.

Neurofeedback implementation in subjective attention deficits accompanied with depressive symptoms: a case study

Neurofeedback implementation in subjective attention deficits accompanied with depressive symptoms: a case study

뉴로피드백 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 편측무시와 우울에 미치는 영향

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training on unilateral neglect and depression in patients with stroke. Fourteen of the subjects were selected from the experimental group and the control group respectively; the following results were obtained. First, experimental group and the control group presented significant statistical difference before and after intervention on neglect. However, there is after intervention no significant statistical among them. Two, experimental group and the control group presented significant statistical difference before and after intervention on depression, and the experimental group demonstrated more decrease than the control group in depression. The results obtained from this research expect us that applying the neurofeedback training for the improvement of neglect and depression, to stroke patients has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of patients. Key Words : Stroke, Rehabilitation, Neurofeedback training, Unilateral neglect, Depression

Beta/theta ratio neurofeedback training effects on the spectral topography of EEG.

Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown positive effects on cognition and behavior enhancement as well as clinical treatment. However, little is known about the training effects in brain activity besides training location which is crucial for understanding the mechanism of neurofeedback and enhancing training efficiency. This study aimed to investigate beta/theta ratio (BTR) NFT effects on the spectral topography of electroencephalogram (EEG). Eleven healthy volunteers completed 25 sessions of NFT in consecutive five days with 5 sessions per day. The results showed that BTR NFT in occipital region did have significant effect on parietal, central and frontal regions, and the changes of BTR and theta amplitude detected in these regions were consistent with the changes at the training location. Moreover, the percentage changes of BTR and theta amplitude in parietal region were significantly greater than those in frontal region probably due to the shorter distance to the training location.

Transient Adverse Side Effects During Neurofeedback Training: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Double Blind Study.

The benefits of clinical neurofeedback training are well known, however, its adverse side-effects are less studied. This research focuses on the transient adverse side effects of neurofeedback training via a double-blind, sham/controlled methodology. Thirty healthy undergraduate students volunteers were randomly divided into three treatment groups: increasing a modified Sensory Motor Rhythm, increasing Upper Alpha, and Sham/control group who receive a random reward. The training sessions were administered for a total of ten sessions. Questionnaires of transient adverse side effects were completed by all volunteers before each session. The results suggest that similar to most medical treatments, neurofeedback can cause transient adverse side effects. Moreover, most participants reported experiencing some side effects. The side effects can be divided into non-specific side effect, associated with the neurofeedback training in general and specific ones associated with the particular protocol. Sensory Motor Rhythm protocol seems to be the most sensitive to side effects.

Are treatment effects of neurofeedback training in children with ADHD related to the successful regulation of brain activity? A review on the learning of regulation of brain activity and a contribution to the discussion on specificity.

While issues of efficacy and specificity are crucial for the future of neurofeedback training, there may be alternative designs and control analyses to circumvent the methodological and ethical problems associated with double-blind placebo studies. Surprisingly, most NF studies do not report the most immediate result of their NF training, i.e., whether or not children with ADHD gain control over their brain activity during the training sessions. For the investigation of specificity, however, it seems essential to analyze the learning and adaptation processes that take place in the course of the training and to relate improvements in self-regulated brain activity across training sessions to behavioral, neuropsychological and electrophysiological outcomes. To this aim, a review of studies on neurofeedback training with ADHD patients which include the analysis of learning across training sessions or relate training performance to outcome is presented. Methods on how to evaluate and quantify learning of EEG regulation over time are discussed. “Non-learning” has been reported in a small number of ADHD-studies, but has not been a focus of general methodological discussion so far. For this reason, selected results from the brain-computer interface (BCI) research on the so-called “brain-computer illiteracy”, the inability to gain control over one’s brain activity, are also included. It is concluded that in the discussion on specificity, more attention should be devoted to the analysis of EEG regulation performance in the course of the training and its impact on clinical outcome. It is necessary to improve the knowledge on characteristic cross-session and within-session learning trajectories in ADHD and to provide the best conditions for learning.

Effects of Neurofeekback Training on EEG, Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and ADHD Symptoms in ADHD-prone College Students.

This study explored the effects of neurofeedback training on Electroencephalogram (EEG), Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and ADHD symptoms in ADHD prone college students. Two hundred forty seven college students completed Korean Version of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-K) and Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI). The 16 participants who ranked in the top 25% of CAARS-K score and had 16 less of K-BDI score participated in this study. Among them, 8 participants who are fit for the research schedule were assigned to neurofeedback training group and 8 not fit for the research schedule to the control group. All participants completed Adult Attention Deficiency Questionnaire, CPT and EEG measurement at pretest. The neurofeedback group received 15 neurofeedback training sessions (5 weeks, 3 sessions per week). The control group did not receive any treatment. Four weeks after completion of the program, all participants completed CAARS-K, Adult Attention Deficiency Questionnaire, CPT and EEG measurement for post-test. The neurofeedback group showed more significant improvement in EEG, CPT performance and ADHD symptoms than the control group. The improvements were maintained at follow up. Neurofeedback training adjusted abnormal EEG and was effective in improving objective and subjective ADHD symptoms in ADHD prone college students.

Stress- Does Brain and Mind Matter- EEG Neurofeedback Training in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Addiction is a complex brain condition characterized by physical and psychological consequences. The role of stress in initiation and maintenance of addiction disorder though reviewed constantly, an adequate treatment modality is yet to be considered. The aim of our study was to find the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training (NFT) on perceived stress in Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS).The objectives of the study were to compare pre - post changes in perceived stress in patients with alcohol dependence with (Treatment Group; TG) and without (Treatment As Usual Group; TAU) Neurofeedback Training.The sample consisted of 40 patients, 20 patients in the Treatment Group and 20 patients in the Treatment as usual group. Both the groups were diagnosed with ADS (ICD-10) recruited from the Centre for Addiction Medicine Unit, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, both the groups underwent a pre – post assessment Perceived stress scale. The result showed a significant reduction of stress in Treatment Group compared to Treatment as usual group. The present study highlights the significance of NFT as an effective treatment modality to reduce stress and thereby facilitate abstinence in patients with ADS.

Neurofeedback training improves the dual-task performance ability in stroke patients.

Owing to the reduced capacity for information processing following a stroke, patients commonly present with difficulties in performing activities of daily living that combine two or more tasks. To address this problem, in the present study, we investigated the effects of neurofeedback training on the abilities of stroke patients to perform dual motor tasks. We randomly assigned 20 patients who had sustained a stroke within the preceding 6 months to either a pseudo-neurofeedback (n = 10) or neurofeedback (n = 10) group. Both groups participated in a general exercise intervention for 8 weeks, three times a week for 30 min per session, under the same conditions. An electrode was secured to the scalp over the region of the central lobe (Cz), in compliance with the International 10-20 System. The electrode was inactive for the pseudo-training group. Participants in the neurofeedback training group received the 30-min neurofeedback training per session for reinforcing the sensorimotor rhythm. Electroencephalographic activity of the two groups was compared. In addition, selected parameters of gait (velocity, cadence [step/min], stance phase [%], and foot pressure) were analyzed using a 10-m walk test, attention-demanding task, walk task and quantified by the SmartStep system. The neurofeedback group showed significantly improved the regulation of the sensorimotor rhythm (p < 0.001) and ability to execute dual tasks (p < 0.01). Significant improvements on selected gait parameters (velocity and cadence; p < 0.05) were also observed. We thus propose that the neurofeedback training is effective to improve the dual-task performance in stroke patients.

The Effects of Neurofeedback training on Cognitive function and Self-efficacy for Traumatic brain injury patients

The Effects of Neurofeedback training on Cognitive function and Self-efficacy for Traumatic brain injury patients

Effect of neurofeedback training on depression and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Depression and fatigue are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are the primary determinants of impaired quality of life in this demyelinating neurological disease. Untreated depression is associated with suicidal ideation, impaired cognitive function and poor adherence to immunomodulatory treatment. For these reasons, systematic screening and management of depressive symptoms and fatigue is recommended for all patients with MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback in treating depression and fatigue in persons with MS. We conducted a randomized trial with 24 MS patients with primary fatigue and depression. Participants were randomized into two groups: neurofeedback training group (16 sessions of NFB) or treatment as usual. Participants were evaluated at 3 time points (baseline, end of the treatment, and 2-month follow-up) using the Fatigue Severity Scale and Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as outcome measures. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences between the groups. NFB significantly reduced symptoms of depression and fatigue in patients with MS patients, compared to treatment as usual (p < .05), and these effects were maintained the 2-month follow-up (p < .05).

Effects of neurofeedback training on event-related components and self-reported measures in healthy individuals

Effects of neurofeedback training on event-related components and self-reported measures in healthy individuals

The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Concentration in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study investigated the effects of neurofeedback training on concentration in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A single-subject ABA' experimental design was used to determine the effects of neurofeedback training. The participants of the study were three boys with ADHD. In the intervention phase after the baseline assessment, participant 1 and 3 trained neurofeedback for twelve sessions, and participant 2 trained ten times. The EEG was recorded during each session and was analyzed for relative power spectrum by beta/theta ratio. The concentration behaviors were measured on a 10-second interval scale during 15 minutes. The concentration was assessed using Auditory Continuous Performance Test (ACPT), and the ADHD symptoms were assessed by the Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised (CTRS-R) in pre and posttest. The data were visually analyzed using graphs and descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the study suggest that, after the neurofeedback training sessions, the participants showed a significant increase in their concentration behaviors. The scores of ACPT and CRTS-R were improved as well. However, no significant EEG change was observed, and no correlation of EEG with concentration behaviors was established.

Determination of the Effects of Neurofeedback Training in the Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in Inattentive and Combined Subtypes of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of neurofeedback in neuropsychological rehabilitation of attention in children with combined (C) and predominantly inattentive (IA) subtypes of ADHD. Method: This research is a quasi-experimental study by which, from among 7–12 year old children referred to the Atiyeh Psychiatric Center, 30 children diagnosed with either Combined or predominantly Inattentive subtypes of ADHD (15 children in each subtype) underwent 30 sessions (3 sessions per week) of neurofeedback therapy. For assessing children's cognitive performance, the children in both treatment groups were administered before and after treatment with a time interval of 10 weeks, both the visual and auditory continuous performance tests (IVA). Patient diagnosis for assignment to either of two ADHD subtypes was carried out with the Conner’s rating scale, a Clinical Interview Checklist, and Psychiatrist evaluation. Results: Neurofeedback training significantly increased all IVA subscales scores, with the exception of the Balance scale, in all subjects, regardless of treatment group (subtype). Results of MANOVA analysis indicated that the two subtypes did not differ in terms of effectiveness of neurofeedback training with the exception of the Readiness scale. Conclusion: The present findings supported the efficacy of Neurofeedback training in increasing children’s scores on the IVA-CPS battery of tests, regardless of subtype classification. These findings are interpreted within recent theoretical and developments regarding the validity of subtypes and the usefulness of a dimensional approach.

The effects of Z-score Neurofeedback on procedural learning

The effects of Z-score Neurofeedback on procedural learning

The time-course of alpha neurofeedback training effects in healthy participants

The time-course of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) was investigated in 18 healthy participants who received 15 sessions of training (eyes open), each consisting of three training periods (data are from Van Boxtel et al., 2012). Here we report on the within- and between-session training effects using multilevel analyses. Over sessions, total alpha power (8–12Hz) increased up to the tenth session, after which low alpha power (8–10Hz) remained at the same level, while high alpha power (10–12Hz) decreased. Within each training session, total alpha power increased from the first to the second period, and then decreased again. This decrease, however, was caused by a decrease in high alpha power only; low alpha power remained up to the end of training. These effects are discussed in terms of attention and motivation, and suggest different trainability for low and high alpha power.

뉴로피드백(Neurofeedback) 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 뇌파활성도와 인지수행력에 미치는 효과

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 뉴로피드백(Neurofeedback) 훈련이 뇌파활성도와 인지수행력 변화에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 6개월 이상이 지난 만성 뇌졸중 환자들 중 사전 검사를 통해 선별된 20명을 각 군당 10명씩을 무작위 배치하였다. 대조군(n=10)은 일반 물리치료군, 실험군(n=10)은 일반 물리치료와 뉴로피드백 훈련군으로 나누어 총 4주간 실시하였다. 일반 물리치료는 1회 30분씩, 주 5회 적용하였고, 뉴로피드백 훈련은 일반 물리치료와 동일하게 적용하여 총 20회를 실시하였다. 효과를 알아보기 위해 중재 전, 중재 후, 중재가 끝난 2주 후 뇌의 전기 생리학적 측정방법인 뇌전도(EEG) 검사로 과제 시 절대 스펙트럼 파워를 산출하여, 기준뇌파에 대한 증감률(%)을 비교하였고, 인지수행력 변화는 임상적 평가도구인 MMSE-K, Stroop Test, Digit Span Test를 실시하였다. 뇌전도를 통한 뇌파 변화를 비교한 결과, 중재 후와 중재가 끝난 2주 후에서 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 절대 <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX> 파와 절대 <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SMR파는 유의하게 증가되었고, 절대 <TEX>${\theta}$</TEX> 파는 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, 임상평가에서 MMSE-K 점수는 유의하게 증가하였고, Stroop Test와 Digit Span Test에서는 오류의 수가 유의하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 뉴로피드백 훈련은 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 뇌파 조절을 통해 인지수행력을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 본 연구는 뇌파 조절을 통한 뇌를 직접 훈련하는 뉴로피드백 훈련 효과를 규명함으로서 뇌졸중 환자의 새로운 훈련가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. This study was done objected to the chronic stroke patients in order to evaluate change in brain wave activity and cognitive performance when Neurofeedback training. The subjects were over 6 months ago in chronic stroke patients screened-test through the 20 patients, 10 persons in each group were randomly placed. This was carried out in 4 weeks in total, with control group(n=10) on general physical therapy and experimental group(n=10) on general physical therapy along with Neurofeedback training. The general physical therapy was applied 5 times a week, 30 minutes at once, Neurofeedback training was applied as equally as the general physical therapy, which makes 20 times in total. To learn about the effect before the training, after training, and 2 weeks after the training in electric physiological measurement method of the brain, electroencephalogram(EEG) to examine challenges by calculating the absolute spectrum power for standard EEG change(%), followed by evaluation with clinical assessment tool MMSE-K, Stroop Test, Digit Span Test. As a result of comparing the change in brain wave through EEG, after training and 2 weeks after training showed that absolute <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-power and absolute <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SMR power of experimental group have increased and absolute <TEX>${\theta}$</TEX>-power decreased significantly compared to experimental group I. Moreover, the MMSE-K score in trial appraisal has increased significantly, and the error in Stroop Test and Digit Span Test has decreased significantly. such results, with the chronic stroke patient's brain wave control, Neurofeedback training was determined to improve the cognitive performance. this study suggests a new training possibility of stroke patients by identifying the training effects of Neurofeedback training that trains the brain directly with brain wave control.

The effect of neurofeedback training on balance performance and attention shifting in children with reading disorder

The effect of neurofeedback training on balance performance and attention shifting in children with reading disorder