Effect Of Neem Research Articles

Microorganisms Associated with Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum) Rot and Effect of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Extract in Rot Control in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is a vital agricultural crop globally, yet it is significantly affected by various microbial pathogens leading to post-harvest rot, which threatens food security and economic stability. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms associated with tomato rot in Makurdi Metropolis and evaluate the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract as a biocontrol agent. A total of 60 tomato fruits were sampled from the five major markets within the Makurdi metropolis. They were cultured on Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, Potato Dextrose agar, Mannitol salt agar, and Eosin Methylene blue agar. The organisms identified were Klebsiella sp, Salmonella sp, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter sp, Shigella sp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus sp, Mucor sp, Aspergillus sp, and Fusarium sp. Neem extract was used for susceptibility tests on the bacterial isolates at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentration, and it was found most effective on some bacterial isolates at higher concentrations of 100% with wider zones of inhibitions. Vegetative growth of the fungi on neem extract decreased with increase in concentrations. This finding proved the potentiality of plant extracts for controlling the fungal rot of tomato fruit. A pathogenicity test was conducted with readings taken at intervals of days and it was noticed that the microbial isolates were actually the cause of tomato rot. This study underscores the importance of identifying microbial threats to tomato crops and highlights neem extract as a promising natural alternative for managing tomato rot, promoting sustainable agricultural practices in Makurdi Metropolis and Nigeria at large.

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica), girawa (Vernonia amygdalina) leaves meal and garlic (Allium sativum) on performance and egg qualities of layer chickens

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica), girawa (Vernonia amygdalina) leaves meal and garlic (Allium sativum) on performance and egg qualities of layer chickens

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oil on growth performance and blood haematological indices of broiler chickens

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oil on growth performance and blood haematological indices of broiler chickens

Combined Effect of Honey, Neem (Azadirachta Indica), and Turmeric against Staphylococcus Aureus and E. Coli Isolated from a Clinical Wound Sample

Antimicrobial resistance has become evident all over the world. Resistance to antibiotics has become a concern in case of a wide variety of bacterial species, both pathogenic and commensal. More recently, E. coli, pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Enterococci were found to be adversely affecting the healthcare structures of the world, particularly where acute and long-term care facilities are available.Microbial species were identified by Vitek compact-2 and MALDI-TOF, while antibiogram sensitivity was checked using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion and well diffusion method. The study used 20 wound samples from five (5) men and fifteen (15) women. Thirty-four (34) purified colonies of bacteria were created, in which 8 were E. coli and 2 were S. aureus. The effects of neem, turmeric, and honey with ethanol extracts showed the maximum zone of inhibition against clinically isolated E. coli, such as PM33C4 and AM25C4. While, methanol extract also showed the maximum zone of inhibition against PM56C4, AF34C4, and PM57C4, using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. Correspondingly, the effect of neem, turmeric, and honey with ethanol extracts showed maximum inhibition against S. aureus. Whereas, methanol extract showed a sensitive zone of inhibition only againstPM54C1 using the disc diffusion method. Hence, it was determined that natural ingredients such as honey, turmeric, and neem are an effective alternative to antibiotics because they manifest excellent antimicrobial activity against clinical bacterial isolates.

Management of okra jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) through the use of botanicals and chemical pesticides under field conditions in Chitwan, Nepal

Jassid (Amarasca biguttula bigutula) is one of the most serious pests of Okra. It sucks the sap from underside of leaves and causes upward curling along the margin ultimately reducing the yield. An experiment was conducted in research field of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) in 2019 to analyze the efficacy of different botanical and chemical pesticides in the management of Okra Jassid. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were Chemical (Chloropyriphos 50% EC and Cypermethrin 5% EC) (2 ml/l), Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract (2 ml/l), Ganja (Cannabis sativa) extract (100 g/l), Jholmol (125 ml/l) and untreated control. The pest population was found lowest with the use of chemical pesticide (1.9, 12.24, 24.45 after the first, second and third spray respectively). The effect of neem, jholmol and ganja were statistically at par in suppressing Jassid population after the first spray. However, among biopesticides, Neem extract was significantly most effective after the second and third treatment. Cannabis extract was the least effective after the third treatment among the insecticides but significantly reduced the pest population than the controlled treatment. This research has given emphasizes on biopesticides as they are cheap, locally available, eco-friendly and avoid the problem of pesticide resistance, pest resurgence and pesticide residue. Neem extract was found somehow comparable to the chemical pesticide in reducing pest infestation. Thus, neem extract can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides with other IPM approaches for the sustainable management of Okra Jassid.

Antiviral Activity of Extract of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaves: An in vivo study

Background: HCV in mainly replicate in liver cell and cause liver damage. The replication of HCV may be inhibited by leaves extract of neem (Azadirachta Indica). Aim: To find the antiviral activity of extract of neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaves. Methods: Thirty five hepatitis C positive and disappointment of conservative treatment were studied. Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves was seen in serum of patient. Extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was prepared and given orally to patients. The seropositivity of hepatitis C was estimated prior and after the leave extract of neem by HCV- RNA quantitative analysis by Polymerase chain reaction. Level of ALT, AST and total protein were estimated by standard kit methods. Results: A high HCV seropositivity was observed in patients before taking neem extract. We observed that after using the leave extract of Azadirachta indica or neem, the HCV seropositivity was significantly decreased. Levels of enzymes ALT and AST were also significantly decreased after taking neem extract. However, the level of serum protein was not changed. Conclusion: Extracted leaves of Azadirachta indica may serve as valuable regimen against hepatitis C virus as it has an ability to inhibit the protease responsible for replication of virus. Keywords: HCV seropositivity, Azadirachta indica leaves, transaminases

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on the growth performance and carcass quality of Broiler Chicken - A Review

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on the growth performance and carcass quality of Broiler Chicken - A Review

Effect of neem (Azadirachta Indica) fibers on mechanical, thermal and durability properties of adobe bricks

Neem fibers are traditionally added as reinforcements in adobes. Laboratory experiments including, compressive strength, three-point bending strength, water absorption, erosion and thermal conductivity were carried out on adobes made with soil and reinforced with two neem fibers types (straw and leaves) at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%. It has been found that mechanical, thermal, and durability properties of adobes were globally improved. Furthermore, leaves neem fibers contribute strongly in comfort thermal, but their use has a negative effect on durability. Nevertheless, adobes reinforced with neem fibers are suitable as building materials with substantial thermal comfort and environmental benefits.

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves powder on growth performance, hemato-biochemical profile and carcass traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

The current research investigated the growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry of Japanese quails fed Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves powder with basic diet. A total number of 300 one-week old Japanese quail chicks were divided randomly into four dietary treatments with five replicates each (15 birds per replicate). Dietary treatments were: T0 or control or basal diet, T1 (Neem 0.5%), T2 (Tulsi 1%) and T3 (Neem 0.25% + Tulsi 0.5%) in basal diet. Growth performance parameters (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and feed conversion rate) were determined weekly. Hematology, serum biochemistry, carcass traits were evaluated on 35 days of the age. Neem and Tulsi alone and their combination as a dietary supplement, significantly (p ? 0.05) increased the body weight and body weight gain. The combination of Neem and Tulsi also resulted in significantly lower FCR. Carcass traits were significantly (p ? 0.05) better in T3 except for the liver weight that was nonsignificantly (p > 0.05) different among the treatment groups. Hemato-biochemical parameters (glucose, hemoglobin, WBCs, MCH, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, total protein) were different significantly different (p ? 0.05) among the treatment groups. However, RBCs, HCT, MCV, MCHC, platelets, triglycerides and VLDL were not affected by herbal treatments (p > 0.05). It was concluded that a combination of leaves `powder of Neem and Tulsi can be used for improving the growth performance, carcass traits and health of the Japanese quails.

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves infusion on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to determine the effect of neem leaf infusion on growth parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken. One hundred and sixty, seven days old broiler chicks of cob strain were used for the experiment which was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was sub-divided into four replicates of 10 birds. The chicks in group 1 served as control and antibiotics were administered to them while 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% concentration of neem leaf infusion were administered to bird on groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The period of experiment was six weeks. The birds were fed ad libitum. One bird close to average final weight was selected randomly in each replicate and was slaughtered at 42nd day of the experiment. Meat samples from breast muscle of the bird were subjected to cooking weight loss, refrigeration weight loss and sensory evaluation. The data obtained were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance. Results revealed that there were no significant (p>0.05) effects of neem leaf infusion on weight gain and feed conversion ratio while water intake was influenced (p<0.05) at the starter phase across the treatment groups. It was only feed intake that was influenced (P<0.05) by the Neem leaf infusion (NLI) at the finisher phase. The heart was the only parameter that was significantly (p<0.05) affected among the carcass parameters. The cooking loss increased (P<0.05) with higher concentration of the infusion while refrigeration weight loss percentages were similar (P>0.05) across the treatments. The result on Sensory evaluation showed that only colour, tenderness and overall flavour were significantly (P<0.05) influenced. The study concluded that administration of aqueous Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf infusion in drinking water of broiler chicken as alternative to antibiotics did not pose any adverse threat on the performance and meat quality of broiler chicken.
 
 
 Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer l'effet de l'infusion de feuilles de neem sur les paramètres de croissance, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et la qualité de la viande du
 Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves infusion on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens
 poulet de gril. Cent soixante poussins de poulet à griller de sept jours de souche d'épi ont été utilisés pour l'expérience qui a été présenté dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Chaque groupe a été subdivisé en quatre répliques de 10 oiseaux. Les poussins du groupe 1 ont servi de contrôle et des antibiotiques leur ont été administrés tandis que 0,1, 0,2 et 0,3 % de concentration d'infusion de feuilles de neem ont été administrés à l'oiseau sur les groupes 2, 3 et 4, respectivement. La période d'expérience était de six semaines. Les oiseaux ont été nourris ad libitum. Un oiseau dont le poids final est proche de la moyenne a été sélectionné au hasard dans chaque réplique et a été abattu au 42e jour de l'expérience. Des échantillons de viande prélevés sur le muscle mammaire de l'oiseau ont été soumis à la perte de poids de la cuisson, à la perte de poids de réfrigération et à l'évaluation sensorielle. Les données obtenues ont fait l'objet d'une analyse à sens unique de la variance. Les résultats ont révélé qu'il n'y avait pas d'effets significatifs (p>0,05) de l'infusion de feuilles de neem sur le gain de poids et le rapport de conversion des aliments pour animaux, tandis que la prise d'eau a été influencée (p<0,05) à la phase de démarrage dans tous les groupes de traitement. Ce n'est que la prise d'aliments qui a été influencée (P<0,05) par l'infusion de feuilles neem (NLI) à la phase finale. Le cœur était le seul paramètre qui était significativement (p<0,05) affecté parmi les paramètres de la carcasse. La perte de cuisson a augmenté (P<0,05) avec une concentration plus élevée de l'infusion tandis que les pourcentages de perte de poids de réfrigération étaient similaires (P>0,05) à travers les traitements. Le résultat de l'évaluation sensorielle a montré que seules la couleur, la tendresse et la saveur globale étaient significativement influencées (P<0,05). L'étude a conclu que l'administration de feuilles de neem (Azadirachta indica) dans l'eau potable du poulet de gril comme alternatif aux antibiotiques ne posait aucune menace négative sur la performance et la qualité de la viande du poulet de gril.

Effect of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) as a supplementary litter material on performance of broiler birds

Effect of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) as a supplementary litter material on performance of broiler birds

Effect of Neem, Siam Weed and Vetiver Oils on Physiological Reactions and Fitness of House Fly, <I>Musca domestica </I> L

Insecticidal activities of hexane extracts of leaves and roots of siam weed and vetiver, and roots of neem were assessed against house fly, Musca domestica L. Mortality test was conducted using serial concentrations 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of extracted oils while behavioural orientation of house fly to oil odour, antioviposition effect of oil toward the insects, biochemical reactions in treated flies and fitness of offspring were determined using 20% oil concentration. House fly mortality varied significantly with plant species and part of plant extracted (P < 0.001), concentration applied (P < 0.001) and time post-exposure (P < 0.001). All tested plant extracts showed potential as good control agents with average mortality ranging from 59-74%. However, significantly lower median lethal values (LC50 and LT50) separated vetiver as the most toxic plant against the insect pest. The plant oils repelled house flies (93-100%), reduced the number of larvae that hatched from laid eggs, lowered adult emergence and caused a significant reduction in size and weight of offspring. On the contrary, exposure to plant oils did not alter offspring sex ratio. In comparison to untreated house flies, plant oils induced biochemical stress in poisoned cohorts as evidenced in significant deviation of digestive enzyme (α- and β- amylases, lipase) activity and concentrations of detoxifying enzyme (glutathione-Stransferase), neurochemical enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and energy metabolism biomolecules (total protein). Implications of obtained results for non-chemical control strategies are discussed.

Coupled Oxides/LLDPE Composites for Textile Effluent Treatment: Effect of Neem and PVA Stabilization

The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and neem extract were grafted onto coupled oxides (3ZT-CO) via reflux process to stabilize the particles to form 3ZT-CO/PVA and 3ZT-CO/Neem. These were then incorporated into LLDPE by melt blending process to give LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA and LLDPE/3ZT-CO/Neem composites. The Neem and PVA stabilized particles showed high zeta potential and dispersed homogeneously in water. The stabilization process altered the shape of the particles due to plane growth along the (002) polar direction. The stabilizers acted as capping agents and initiated the one-dimensional growth. The alkyl chain groups from PVA increased the polarity of the LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA and played a dominant role in the water adsorption process to activate the photocatalytic activity. This was further enhanced by the homogeneous distribution of the particles and low degree of crystallinity (20.87%) of the LLDPE composites. LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA exhibited the highest photodegradation (93.95%), which was better than the non-stabilized particles. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity of a polymer composite can be enhanced by grafting PVA and neem onto couple oxides. The LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA composite was further used to treat textile effluent. The results showed the composite was able to remove dye color by 93.95% and to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 99.99%.

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder on Clostridium perfringens Induced Infection in Broiler Chicks

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder on Clostridium perfringens Induced Infection in Broiler Chicks

Effect of neem leaves extract irrigation on the wound healing outcome in nurse managed diabetic foot ulcers

Background: Foot ulcer is a common and massive complication of Diabetes that the economic, social, and public health workers tackled throughout the world. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of neem extract irrigation with normal saline on the wound healing outcome among diabetic foot ulcer patients. Materials and Methods: The present single-blind experimental design study was conducted on 160 diabetic Foot ulcer patients who attended a diabetic foot clinic center during the period February 2019–February 2020. Patients were allocated in two groups, by simple random assignment. Intervention group received Neem extract irrigation and control group received Normal saline irrigation weekly twice. In both groups, wound assessment was done using PUSH tool at baseline and then at the end of each week till 4 weeks are completed. Data were analyzed in SPSS20 software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The total pre intervention means and standard deviation of the Wound surface area in the intervention and control groups were respectively 17.13 ± 21.46 and 19.84 ± 23.98, and the post intervention mean and standard deviation of the Wound surface area at the end of 4 weeks of study period was respectively 6.92 ± 16.62 and 14.04 ± 21.32. The difference between the two groups at the end of 3rd and 4th week were statistically significant (P = 0.018 and P = 0.047). Conclusion: Neem leave extracts irrigation promotes wound healing activity and is preferred being natural and safe without producing any adverse effect.

The Effect of Neem, Citronella, Castor Oil, and Their Mixtures against Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Cabbage-heart caterpillar ,Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the important pests in Brassicaceae family. Alternative control for cabbage-heart caterpillar that can be used is plant extracts. Neem, cirtonella and jatropha are reported to have an insecticidal effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of neem, citronella, and jatropha oil to against C. pavonana larvae and to obtain the most effective ratio and concentration of oil combinations. The experimental method used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 41 treatments, i.e. control, single neem, citronella, jatropha oil and its combination each tested at 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; and 0,1% concentration. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The results of this experiment showed that single oil or combination of neem, citronella and jatropha oil at 1% and 0,5% consentration caused 100% larvae mortality, 1:3:2 ratio at 1% concentration was able to reduce food consumption, 3:2:1 ratio at 0,25% concentration was inhibit larvae development and reduce the weight of pupae, and 3:1:2 ratio at 0,5% concentration can reduce the weight of larvae.

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) on Lipid Oxidation in Raw Chilled Beef Patties.

The aim of this study was to determine the total polyphenol content, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and to evaluate their effect on shelf-life stability of raw beef patties during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1 °C. During 11 days of storage, the antioxidant effect of A. indica on ground beef meat was investigated by the determination of lipid oxidation, pH, anti-radical activity, color, hexanal content, and microbial growth. The results obtained showed that fresh A. indica leaves and synthetic conservative behaved in the same way and retarded the lipid oxidation of chilled beef patties while increasing their pH (5.40 and 5.45, respectively). It can also be said that A. indica limited the loss of color, reduced the metmyoglobin formation (36.70%) and had a significant effect on bacterial growth and hexanal content. In addition, the results obtained through anti-radical and antimicrobial properties showed proportional values of total polyphenol content and radical scavenging activity of leaf extracts as they showed their antimicrobial effect against some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, among others. These results support the involvement of A. indica in the food industry as a natural antioxidant that could replace synthetic ones.

Review on Immunomodulatory Nutraceuticals

Objective: A large number of plants and their isolated constituents have been shown to have potential immunity.In this review focusing on the immuno-modulatory activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) belonging to Solanaceae family and Neem (Azadirachta indica) belonging to Meliacea family.&#x0D; Methods: The Aswagandha churna was evaluated immunomodulatory activity byusing Albino wester rats and measured Delayed–type hypersensitivity response (DTH) (footpad swelling) and Percent neutrophil adhesion. The immuno-stimulatory effect of aswagandha root extract (WSE) evaluated by dexamethasoneinduced immunosuppressed mice in-vitro model. The immunomodulatory effectof Neem leaves infusion was evaluated by using broiler chicks, measuring theantibody titer determination against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) using ELISA Kit techniques.The effects of Neem on some hematological parameters were measured the Estimation of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and total leucocyte count (TLC).&#x0D; Results: The results obtained from this study, Ashwagandha churna when orally administered the neutrophil adhesion (p&lt;0.05) was significantly increased with the dose of 300mg kg -1day-1 when compared with untreated control indicating possible immune-stimulant effect, and the DTH response, which is a direct correlate of cell mediated immunity (CMI), was significantly increased at a doses of 200 and 300mg kg-1 day - In vitro immuno-stimulatory activity of Aswagandha root extract remarkably enhanced lymphocytes proliferation compared with the negative control (untreated cells). Both 2.5 μl and 5 μl of WSE (35 mg/ml) revealed significant (P &lt; 0.001) stimulation of lymphocytes proliferation by approximately 322% and 403% respectively compared with the untreated cells. The immunomodulatory action of Neem leaves infusion; the mean antibody titer against IBD was higher for group C than all other groups. The effects of neem on some Hematological parameters of Packed cell volume of the control group was significantly lower than that of the treated groups at p&lt;0.001, but with that of C2 at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusions: The current review on Immunomodulatory herbs shows great potential of herbs to cure or prevent certain diseases, which are beyond the reach of allopathic medicines in certain cases.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Effect of Neem, Tulsi turmeric and ginger powder as feed supplement on growth of broiler chicks in litter system

Effect of Neem, Tulsi turmeric and ginger powder as feed supplement on growth of broiler chicks in litter system