Effect Of NC Research Articles

A Cluster-Type Self-Healing Catalyst for Stable Saline–Alkali Water Splitting

In electrocatalytic processes, traditional powder/film electrodes inevitably suffer from damage or deactivation, reducing their catalytic performance and stability. In contrast, self-healing electrocatalysts, through special structural design or composition methods, can automatically repair at the damaged sites, restoring their electrocatalytic activity. Here, guided by Pourbaix diagrams, foam metal was activated by a simple cyclic voltammetry method to synthesize metal clusters dispersion solution (MC/KOH). The metal clusters-modified hydroxylated Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide electrode (MC/NixFeyOOH) by a facile Ni-Fe metal–organic framework-reconstructed strategy, exhibiting superior performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the mixture of MC/KOH and saline–alkali water (MC/KOH+SAW). Specifically, using a nickel clusters-modified hydroxylated Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide electrode (NC/NixFeyOOH) for OER, the NC/NixFeyOOH catalyst has an ultra-low overpotential of 149 mV@10 mA cm−2, and durable stability of 100 h at 500 mA cm−2. By coupling this OER catalyst with an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, high activity and durability in overall SAW splitting is exhibited. What is more, benefiting from the excellent fluidity, flexibility, and enhanced catalytic activity effect of the liquid NC, we demonstrate a self-healing electrocatalysis system for OER operated in the flowing NC/(KOH+SAW). This strategy provides innovative solutions for the fields of sustainable energy and environmental protection.

Antitumor efficacy of synthesized Ag–Au nanocomposite loaded with PEG and ascorbic acid in human lung cancer stem cells

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide of which non-small cell lung carcinoma constitutes majority of the cases. High mortality is attributed to early metastasis, late diagnosis, ineffective treatment and tumor relapse. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy form the mainstay of its treatment. However, their associated side effects involving kidneys, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and liver further adds to dismal outcome. These disadvantages of conventional treatment can be circumvented by use of engineered nanoparticles for improved effectiveness with minimal side effects.In this study we have synthesized silver gold nanocomposite (Ag–Au NC) using polyethylene glycol and l-ascorbic acid as surfactant and reducing agent respectively. Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption, dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Compositional analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and average pore diameter was estimated using Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method. In-silico molecular docking analysis of the synthesized NC against active regions of epidermal growth factor receptor revealed good binding energy. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of NC on growth and stem cell attributes of A549 lung cancer cells. Results showed that NC was effective in inhibiting A549 cell proliferation, induced DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further, tumor cell migration and spheroid formation were also negatively affected. NC also enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial depolarization. In addition, the effect of NC on putative cancer stem cells in A549 cells was evaluated. We found that Ag–Au NC at IC50 targeted CD44, CD24, CD166, CD133 and CD326 positive cancer stem cells and induced apoptosis. CD166 positive cells were relatively resistance to apoptosis.Together our results demonstrate the anticancer efficacy of Ag–Au NC mediated by a mechanism involving cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial derangement.

Variance effective population size is affected by census size in sub-structured populations.

Measurement of allele frequency shifts between temporally spaced samples has long been used for assessment of effective population size (Ne ), and this 'temporal method' provides estimates of Ne referred to as variance effective size (NeV ). We show that NeV of a local population that belongs to a sub-structured population (a metapopulation) is determined not only by genetic drift and migration rate (m), but also by the census size (Nc ). The realized NeV of a local population can either increase or decrease with increasing m, depending on the relationship between Ne and Nc in isolation. This is shown by explicit mathematical expressions for the factors affecting NeV derived for an island model of migration. We verify analytical results using high-resolution computer simulations, and show that the phenomenon is not restricted to the island model migration pattern. The effect of Nc on the realized NeV of a local subpopulation is most pronounced at high migration rates. We show that Nc only affects local NeV , whereas NeV for the metapopulation as a whole, inbreeding (NeI ), and linkage disequilibrium (NeLD ) effective size are all independent of Nc . Our results provide a possible explanation to the large variation of Ne /Nc ratios reported in the literature, where Ne is frequently estimated by NeV . They are also important for the interpretation of empirical Ne estimates in genetic management where local NeV is often used as a substitute for inbreeding effective size, and we suggest an increased focus on metapopulation NeV as a proxy for NeI .

Hierarchical porous VN/NC/C nanocomposites with synergistic coupling for oxygen reduction

Vanadium nitride (VN) with high theoretical specific capacity and electrical conductivity is promising for application in Zn-air batteries. However, the agglomeration phenomenon during the synthesis of VN nanoparticles resulted in poor catalytic activity. Therefore, a highly efficient and durable ORR catalyst that vanadium nitride nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (VN/NC/C) was prepared by a self-assembly. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of VN and NC as well as its large specific surface area, porous structure, abundant pyridine N and graphitic N, the VN/NC/C nanocomposites exhibits excellent catalytic activity with Eonset of 0.87 V, a limiting current density of 4.05 mA·cm−2, and good stability. The experimental results and DFT calculations show that benefiting from the synergistic effect of NC and VN, the free energies of the reaction intermediates are optimized to significantly accelerate the O2 adsorption and reduce the potential of the rate-determining step. The Zn-air battery assembled with VN/NC/C nanocomposites exhibits an open circuit potential of 1.30 V, high power density of 141.82 mW∙cm−2 and an energy density of 856.27 Wh·kgZn-1. This work demonstrates the importance of the synergistic effect of NC and VN in the development of high-performance Zn-air batteries.

Low-temperature molten salt synthesis and catalytic mechanism of CoS2/NC as an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst.

The development of productive and sustainable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays an important role in the commercial evolution of metal-air batteries. In this paper, a low-temperature molten salt template method was adopted to synthesize the composite of CoS2 and nitrogen-doped carbon (CoS2/NC) without the protection of inert gas. The structural characterization studies show that the specific surface area (SSA) and crystal growth kinetics are increased and effectively improved, respectively, by the composite of CoS2 and NC. The as-synthesized CoS2/NC composite demonstrates outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes and exhibits a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.854 V (vs. RHE) and an overpotential of only 220 mV for the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 (η10). Simultaneously, CoS2/NC also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have manifested that the synergistic effect of CoS2 and NC results in a remarkable enhancement in the bifunctional catalytic performance of the composite materials. This study offers a new pathway and theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Understanding the synergistically enhanced thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate using cobalt nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen-doped graphitized carbon

The excellent catalytic activity of Co-NPs@NC is attributed to the well-dispersed Co NPs, the intrinsic adsorption capacity for NH3, and the synergistically enhanced effect of NC, which favor the thermal catalytic decomposition of AP.

Nanocurcumin in Oral Squamous Cancer Cells and Its Efficacy as a Chemo-Adjuvant.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite the available treatment, the survival rate is poor. The addition of agents to make chemotherapeutics safer and more effective is important. Curcumin is a common Indian spice that has shown anticarcinogenic properties. It has been possible to overcome its poor bio-availability using nanotechnology. We aimed to investigate the adjuvant effect of nanocurcumin (NC ~ 200 nm size) treatment on cetuximab (epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) in oral squamous cancer cells (KB 3-1 cell). Cancer cells were cultured and treated for 24 hours with cetuximab and NC, in various doses to find the drugs' half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Experiments were conducted with a combination dose of both and sensitization treatment with NC before cetuximab with cytotoxicity assessment by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare different treatment groups. We found a concentration-dependent cancer cell death with NC, which was significant compared to cetuximab (p <0.001). The combination treatment group had highly significant cell death (p <0.0001) compared to a single drug, and the NC sensitization caused substantial cell death compared to a single cetuximab treatment (p<0.01). Our study findings indicate the potential chemo-adjuvant effect of NC in oral cancer.

Device and Circuit Level Assessment of Negative Capacitance TFETs for Low-Power High-Performance Digital Circuits

In this paper, we propose and analyse the performance of negative capacitance tunnel field-effect-transistors (NC-TFETs) at device and circuit level. We design and simulate four NC-TFETs, two are Silicon based “Si NC N-TFET,” “Si NC P-TFET” and two are Heterojunction Silicon-Germanium source based “SiGe NC N-TFET,” “SiGe NC P-TFET.” The effect of NC is incorporated with 5 nm thick layer of ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide HfZrO2 (FE-HZO) in gate stack of TFETs by using of Landau-Khalatnikov (L-K) equations in MATLAB. The results show that at reduced NC gate voltage, the ON current (ION), On to OFF current (ION/IOFF) in NC devices is enhanced by while reduction in the threshold voltage (VTH) and Average subthreshold slope (SSAV) is observed. The SiGe NC-TFETs showed the best response with maximum ION range, ION/IOFF ratio of lowest SS as compare to Si NC-TFETs. The circuit transient analysis is done using the Verilog-A model based on look-up table (LUT) approach. The propagation delay of NC NAND circuits is reduced 90%, the SiGe NC-TFETs based circuits showing the smallest propagation delay and fast transient characteristics. This paper also demonstrates that the impact of FE-HZO thickness (TFE) on the device-circuit characteristics.

Specialty coffee consumption intervention illustrates the utility of behavior feedback messages

Despite having similar amounts of caffeine, “specialty” coffee drinks (SCDs; e.g., lattes and frappes) contain nearly 10 times as many calories and cost nearly double the price compared to more traditional coffee drinks (e.g., brewed and iced coffee). The current study examined the efficacy of generic and personalized behavior feedback messages to reduce participants' intention to consume SCDs, as well as the moderating effects of Need for Cognition (NC; i.e., one's willingness and tendency to engage in critical thinking; Cacioppo & Petty, 1989) on this intervention. Furthermore, participants' immediacy of likelihood-to-reduce their SCD consumption was also analyzed. Participants completed an online survey that included one of four behavior feedback messages (personalized feedback, generic feedback with a memory prompt, generic feedback without a memory prompt, and no message), pre- and post-intervention measures of SCD consumption and likelihood to reduce their consumption, and the NC Scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Fao, 1984). Although each of the three behavior feedback messages were successful at reducing SCD consumption intention compared to the no message control, no moderating effect of NC was established. Furthermore, NC predicted both post-intervention specialty coffee consumption intention and likelihood of reducing consumption “in the next few days,” but in a surprising manner. Although further investigation into the application of behavior feedback and the moderating effects of NC are necessary, these data suggest that behavior feedback, whether generic or personalized, may be a useful dietary intervention for high-cost, high-calorie coffee consumption.

Fabrication of mixed nanoceramic waste with polymeric matrix membranes for water desalting

Abstract Mixed matrix membranes were prepared by blending technique between nanoceramic powder and polyethersulfone. Nanoceramic powder (NC) as a fine powder was produced from ceramic industries. The effect of NC as an additive on the membrane matrix was studied. Increasing in NC% on polymeric blend enhances the membrane mechanical properties, where the tensile strength was 13.92 MPa with elongation of 23.67 mm for prepared blend membrane with NC 1 wt%. The highest salt rejection was about 89.3% with permeate flux of 34.6 L/m2 h for R1 membrane using NS of percentage 4 wt% and nonwoven polyester support. The increase in NS% to 6 wt % leads to an increase in the salt rejection to 94.2% after 1 h operating time. The coating was achieved using the layer by layer technique which was carried out on the membrane surface to improve the salt rejection percentage. The salt rejection was found to reach about 99.8% after such coating process; but for permeate flux, it shows a certain decrease. The flux of membrane before the coating was 23.4 L/m2 h for R2 membrane (1 wt% NC &amp; 6 wt% NS), while after coating the flux was reduced to reach 21.6 L/m2 h.

Postharvest quality of 'Cripps Pink' apple fruit influenced by ethylene antagonists during controlled atmosphere storage with photocatalytic oxidation.

BACKGROUNDThe present study investigated the efficacy of 1H‐cyclopropa[b]naphthalene (NC) and 1H‐cyclopropabenzene (BC) with respect to antagonizing ethylene action and maintaining postharvest fruit quality in ‘Cripps Pink’ apple stored in a controlled atmosphere comprising 3.45 ± 0.45% oxygen and 2.40 ± 0.36% carbon dioxide with photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) at 0 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity.RESULTSThe BC, NC, and 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) fumigation treatments delayed the climacteric peaks onset and retarded ethylene production rates compared to control fruit. Treatments with ethylene antagonist also maintained fruit firmness (up to 1.12 times), titratable acidity (up to 1.08 times), malic acid (up to 1.23 times), ascorbic acid (up to 1.12 times) and total phenol levels (up to 1.19 times) higher compared to that in control fruit. The 1‐MCP was more efficient in reducing the rates of ethylene production compared to NC and BC, but, in the case of all other fruit quality parameters investigated, the effect of NC and BC treatments were on a par with 1‐MCP.CONCLUSIONThe NC and BC have the potential to be used as ethylene antagonists in ‘Cripps Pink’ apple fruit stored in a controlled atmosphere with PCO. The efficacy of different concentrations of NC and BC in downregulating ethylene action, as well as interactive effects of PCO on the performance of ethylene antagonists, still warrants further investigation. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion of nanoparticles around a vertical cone in a porous media by Galerkin finite element method (GFEM)

In this study, Galerkin weighted residual Finite Element Method is used to find the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion motion of two phase nanofluid flow around a vertical cone in porous media. Gravity, Drag, Thermophoresis and Brownian forces are confided on the nanoparticles to find their motion during the time. The problem is solved in both transient and steady conditions. The effect of Nc and Nv parameters on the temperature and velocity profiles are investigated. Also, the effect of boundary conditions on the temperature and nanoparticles concentrations are investigated through the graphical contours. As a main result, variable thermal conductivity parameter (Nc) increament from zero to unity increased the velocity and temperature profile values, while had not significant effect on the nanoparticles concentration. Also, results revealed that increasing the Nv (from 2 to 200) and Nc (from 0 to 1), increased the (−θ′(0)) and (−f′(0)) to 1.36% and 0.15%, respectively.

Effect of sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate on hydration of cement paste

Both sodium carbonate (NC) and sodium phosphate (NP) could immediately precipitate in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+), and these precipitates would deposit on the surface of cement as one layer in cement paste. However, these precipitates have different effects on the hydration of cement. In this study, effect of NC and NP on cement hydration was discussed, and the different effect between these two was investigated. Setting time, hydration heat, conductivity of cement suspension, and compressive strength of cement paste were examined, and the hydrates were analyzed with XRD and TG-DTG. The precipitates synthesized in saturated calcium hydroxide solution were characterized with XRD, TEM, and SEM. Then one model was proposed to illustrate the mechanism of the effect of NC and NP on cement hydration. The results indicated that NC accelerated cement hydration, but NP retarded it. And the results of TEM and SEM showed that calcium carbonate (the precipitate formed by NC and Ca2+)) could well crystalize with directional growth, there is a large amount of interspace in the calcium carbonate-based layer, which would benefit the transports of water molecules and dissolved ions. However, the calcium phosphate precipitate (the precipitate formed by NP and Ca2+)) seemed to have a large amount of amorphous structure with a much more compact layer structure than calcium carbonate. The difference in composition and structure of the layer was responsible for the effect of NC and NP on cement hydration. The mechanism behind accelerating effect of NC was due to the interspace in the calcium carbonate based layer which facilitated the ion dissolution of system, while that for retarding effect of NP was because the calcium phosphate-based layer formed on the surface of cement grains seemed compact enough to restrict the transports of water molecules and dissolved ions. Such consequences were expected to give deeper insight into the effect of the surficial structure of cement grains on early hydration of cement paste.

Nitidine chloride inhibits fibroblast like synoviocytes-mediated rheumatoid synovial inflammation and joint destruction by targeting KCNH1

ObjectiveNitidine chloride (NC), a natural small molecular compound from traditional Chinese herbal medicine zanthoxylum nitidum, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor effect. However, its role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of NC in controlling fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)-mediated synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA and further explore its underlying mechanism(s). MethodsFLSs were separated from synovial tissues obtained from patients with RA. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Gene expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. ELISA was used to measure the levels of cytokines and MMPs. Cell proliferation was detected using EdU incorporation. Migration and invasion were evaluated by Boyden chamber assay. RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify the target of NC. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to evaluate the in vivo effect of NC. ResultsNC treatment reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and lamellipodia formation but not apoptosis of RA FLSs. We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of NC on TNF-α-induced expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, CCL-2, MMP-1 and MMP-13. Furthermore, we identified KCNH1, a gene that encodes ether-à-go-go-1 channel, as a novel targeting gene of NC in RA FLSs. KCNH1 expression was increased in FLSs and synovial tissues from patients with RA compared to healthy controls. KCNH1 knockdown or NC treatment decreased the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of AKT. Interestingly, NC treatment ameliorated the severity of arthritis and reduced synovial KCNH1 expression in mice with CIA. ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that NC treatment inhibits aggressive and inflammatory actions of RA FLSs by targeting KCNH1 and sequential inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that NC might control FLS-mediated rheumatoid synovial inflammation and joint destruction, and be a novel therapeutic agent for RA.

PMS activation by magnetic cobalt-N-doped carbon composite for ultra-efficient degradation of refractory organic pollutant: Mechanisms and identification of intermediates

Refractory organic pollutant effluent has led to severe water pollution. In this study, magnetic Co–N-doped carbon hybrid catalysts (Co-NC-x) were fabricated using a facile cation exchange combined pyrolysis and self-reduction technique to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for rehabilitation of the water environment. Factors affecting the catalytic activity of the Co-NC-850 were comprehensively examined. 100% of RhB degradation efficiency within 20 min was achieved in the Co-NC-850/PMS system at the optimum conditions (C0 = 80 mg L−1, catalyst loading 0.025 g L−1, PMS concentration 0.8 mM, native pH and 25 °C). The electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and competitive quenching tests demonstrated that a sulfate radical (SO4•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) account for RhB degradation in the Co-NC-850/PMS system, and 1O2 contributed ~86.2% to RhB removal. The synergistic effect of Co0 nanoparticles (NPs) and NC on Co-NC-850 might induce a predominant non-radical route to trigger PMS activation for RhB degradation. Direct oxidation of O2•- by a hydroxyl radical (•OH) might be the crucial process for forming 1O2. Magnetic response and successive cycles verified that Co-NC-850 has superior separable performance and reusability. This innovative magnetic Co-NC-850 hybrid catalyst for PMS activation delivered vast potential for disintegration of refractory organic contaminants.

Triblock Copolymer Nanomicelles Loaded with Curcumin Attenuates Inflammation via Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway in the Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia.

AimCerebral ischemic injury is one of the debilitating diseases showing that inflammation plays an important role in worsening ischemic damage. Therefore, studying the effects of some potential anti-inflammatory compounds can be very important in the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.MethodsThis study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of triblock copolymer nanomicelles loaded with curcumin (abbreviated as NC) in the brain of rats following transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in stroke. After preparation of NC, their protective effects against bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) were explored by different techniques. Concentrations of free curcumin (C) and NC in liver, kidney, brain, and heart organs, as well as in plasma, were measured using a spectrofluorometer. Western blot analysis was then used to measure NF-κB-p65 protein expression levels. Also, ELISA assay was used to examine the level of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using MDA assay and H&E staining was used for histopathological examination of the hippocampus tissue sections.ResultsThe results showed a higher level of NC compared to C in plasma and organs including the brain, heart, and kidneys. Significant upregulation of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions compared to control was observed in rats after induction of I/R, which leads to an increase in inflammation. However, NC was able to downregulate significantly the level of these inflammatory cytokines compared to C. Also, the level of lipid peroxidation in pre-treated rats with 80mg/kg NC was significantly reduced.ConclusionOur findings in the current study demonstrate a therapeutic effect of NC in an animal model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in stroke through the downregulation of NF-κB-p65 protein and inflammatory cytokines.

Coral-Like CoSe2-Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon as Efficient Counter Electrodes for Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells

Exploration of counter electrode (CE) catalysts with excellent reduction activity to Sn 2− and low charge transfer resistance (R ct) is always a major challenge for the development of quantum dot sensitized solar cells. In this work, coral-like CoSe2 - nitrogen-doped porous carbon hydrides (CoSe2-NC) were successfully prepared by two-step calcination of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), including carbonization and selenization process. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the CoSe2-NC catalyst presents a coral-like microscopic morphology composed of nanospheres. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy displays that the CoSe2-NC CE presents a low R ct of 1.04 Ω. The PCE of the QDSSC based CoSe2-NC CE is up to 5.06%，which is 26%, 87% higher than those of CoSe2 and NC CEs. The enhanced photovoltaic performance is attributed to the unique coral-like structure and the synergistic catalytic effect of CoSe2 and NC.

Molybdenum Dioxide Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Oxidative Desulfurization Catalysts: Role of Electron Transfer in Activity and Reusability

AbstractElectron transfer between metal‐oxides and supports considerably affects the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance of catalysts, while this is far from being well understood. Herein, molybdenum dioxide with oxygen vacancies (VO‐MoO2) catalysts derived from Mo‐based metal‐organic frameworks are anchored on electron‐rich nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NC) to obtain excellent ODS activity and reusability. Results show that either dibenzothiophene (DBT) or 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) is removed 100% on the composite catalyst (VO‐MoO2@NC) within 40 min of reaction when cumene hydroperoxide is chosen as an oxidant. After five cycles of reaction, DBT and 4,6‐DMDBT removal still exceeded 99.5 and 95.0%, respectively. Results from density functional theory calculations and characterizations confirm that the strong electron‐donating effect of NC on VO‐MoO2 can promote the dispersion of VO‐MoO2 and reduce the bond energy of the MoO bond, leading to exposure of active sites and enrichment of oxygen vacancies (VO). Furthermore, the strong interfacial electrostatic interaction caused by the electron transfer from NC to VO‐MoO2 can reduce the leaching of active sites of the catalyst. This study provides a versatile strategy of constructing strong electronic interaction between metal‐oxide and support via anchoring on NC for the design of high‐performance ODS catalysts.

Влияние нанокомпозитов селена в природных полимерных матрицах на антиоксидантный статус растений картофеля in vitro

In the present work researches on influence of chemically synthesized nanocomposites of selenium (NC) in natural polymeric matrices - arabinogalactan (selenium content 6.4%) and starch (selenium content 1.2%) on a condition of antioxidant system of potato plants are presented. It is known that during abiotic or biotic stress, lipid peroxidation products (POL) are formed in plant tissues and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues increases, which leads to dysfunction of the plant cell membrane, inhibition of biochemical processes in the plant cell and, as a consequence, cell death. Therefore, the main task of this work was the study of NC for antioxidant activity. Studies have been conducted on the effect of NC on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in potato root tissues, the activity of peroxidase enzyme in the tissues of roots and leaves, and the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) - diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissues of roots and leaves of potatoes. Studies were conducted on uninfected potato plants of Lukyanovsky variety (susceptible variety) and infected with phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms) in vitro. The results of the study showed that NC affect the antioxidant system of plants during infection. NC action reduced the release of ROS, reduced the content of LPO products, and also reduced the activity of the enzyme peroxidase. Studies of the primary stress indicator – DC, it was found that only NC Se/Ag had a negligible effect when processing non-infected potato plants, but when at the same time, both studied substances reduced the indicator in the variant with infected plants. Thus, it was found that NC reduces the stress load on the infected plants, reducing cell damage by products of oxidative stress. Perhaps this effect is related to the nature of polysaccharide matrices and the size of encapsulated selenium nanoparticles in them and its toxic effect. Combining all the data obtained, we can talk about the effectiveness of NC in the fight against bacterial diseases of cultivated plants and assume its use as an effective and safe remedy against them.

Long – term effect of nephrocalcinosis on renal function and body growth index in children

Aims: To evaluate effect of NC on growth index, kidney function and its etiology of children at National Children’s Hospital. Methods: A case series prospective study,34 patients from 1/07/2013 to 30/06/2019. Results: 58,8% cases were males. The most common symptoms were failure to develop heightand weight for 64,7% and 73,5%, respectively. Ultrasound examinations reveal a higher degree, stage 2b and 3 were the most frequent according to Hoyer’s grading. Mean GFR was 101,2 ± 27,5 ml/min/1,73 m2 in presentation.There were 35,3% patients with hypercalciuria and 38,2% cases had sterile pyuria. During a median follow – up of 30 months in 24 patients, growth index improved more than -2SD in 60%,mean GFR 105,2 ± 22 ml/min/1,73 m2 in follow - up. The most common leading cause to NC was renal tubular acidosis in 50% followed by primary hypercalciuria and the cause of NC remained unknown (14,7%). Other causes included vitamin D excess, bartter syndrome, nephrocalcinosis - hypercalciuria -hypomagiemia, hypophosphomia ricket. Conclusions:nephrocalcinosis is a rare disease, and clinical signs are atypical.Growth retardation was the most common clinical manifestation andthe most popular cause of this condition in our study is renal tubular acidosis. There was significant increase in height and weight from the first to last observation. GFR remained stable within a long - term.&#x0D;