Effects Of MS-222 Research Articles

Effect of MS222 on Hemostasis in Zebrafish.

MS222 is a compound used in anesthetizing vertebrates, including fish and frogs. Several side effects of this anesthetic have been reported, but its effect on hemostasis has not been studied. In our laboratory, we have used zebrafish for more than 2 decades as a model system to study hemostasis. During this period, we have had trouble in collecting blood from anesthetized zebrafish and observed more rapid blood clotting than in nonanesthetized counterparts. However, no systematic studies regarding the effect of MS222 on zebrafish hemostasis are available. In this study, we performed various assays such as gill bleeding, measurement of Hct, total blood cell counts, thrombocyte counts, thrombocyte aggregation, and coagula- tion and measured the amount of blood collected. We found that Hct values, the amount of blood collected, bleeding, and coagulation differed significantly between anesthetized and nonanesthetized fish. Our results suggest that blood collected after MS222 anesthesia of zebrafish has altered hemostasis.

The anesthetic effects of MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) on some hematological parameters of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus

In this study, we investigated the effects of MS-222 as an anesthetic on hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte number (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cells (WBCs) in sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. For this purpose, the hematological parameters were assessed immediately and 24 h after anesthesia. The results showed that despite no mortality occurred after anesthesia in 5 mg/l MS-222, this chemical substance influenced some hematological parameters. The values of Hb, Hct, and RBCs decreased. Immediately after anesthesia, these values increased significantly 24 h after anesthesia. The WBC concentrations did not show significant changes immediately after anesthesia, while its values decreased significantly 24 h after exposure. Our results showed that MS-222 induces some physiological alternations in level of hematological indices. Understanding on these alternations in fish may help to improve management and animal welfare.

Effects of repeated handling, with or without anaesthesia, on feed intake and growth in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The effects of weekly anaesthetization with clove oil and tricaine methanesulphonate (MS-222) on feed intake and growth were examined in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), held individually. Repeated handling without anaesthetics significantly reduced feed intake and weight gain compared with an unhandled control group during an 8-week experiment. When anaesthetics were used during handling the feed consumption and weight gain were significantly (MS-222) or not significantly (clove oil) higher than in fish handled without anaesthesia. When compared with the unhandled control group, neither of these two anaesthetics had significant effects on feed intake but, in contrast to MS-222, repeated anaesthesia with clove oil had a significant negative effect on growth. However, the effects of MS-222 and clove oil on the growth were not significantly different from each other. Feed conversion ratio (feed/gain) of MS-222-anaesthetized fish was significantly higher compared with unhandled control and handled control fish but was not significantly different from fish anaesthetized with clove oil. These results suggest that both MS-222 and clove oil alleviate handling stress in juvenile rainbow trout, and that these two anaesthetics are rather similar with respect to their effects during repeated exposures.

The effect of MS-222 on the cardiac and respiratory function and behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., during general anaesthesia

Anaesthetics used in aquaculture are intended to limit stress reactions of fishes, diminish transportation losses, and facilitate rearing, sanitary, or surgical procedures. They also have an ethical aspect, i.e. making the abovementioned activities more humane. The efficacy of an anaesthetic may be assessed based on visual observation of fish behaviour such as movements and changes in reactivity. These responses are usually qualitative and are often described variably by different authors. The aim of this study was to link the observed behavioural changes in the course of fish anaesthesia with concurrent functional responses in cardiac and respiratory rhythms.

Effect of MS-222 on response to light and rate of metabolism of the little skate Raja erinacea

The effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the standard (SMR) and routine (RMR) metabolic rates of Raja erinacea was estimated from oxygen-consumption measurements. Data were gathered from a computerized, flow-through respirometry system. Individual trials were run for 96 h at 10 °C on anesthetized and untreated fish. The resulting rates, SMR = 20.1 ± 1.99 SE and RMR = 48.3± 2.5 SE mg O2 kg−1 h−1, for an unanesthetized skate of 0.5 kg standardized weight, are the lowest reported for any elasmobranch. Periodogram analysis revealed a significant light-response component to the oxygen consumption of these fish, indicating a pattern of nocturnal and crepuscular activity. This activity pattern was disrupted in skates subjected to anesthesia. The use of low-dosage MS-222 in conjunction with the respirometry trials provides positive preliminary evidence that this technique may be useful in giving quick, accurate estimates of SMR in the more intractable elasmobranch fishes.

The effect of MS-222 on paced ventricle strips and the perfused heart of rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss

1. The contractile force of trout ventricle strips fell in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of MS-222. 2. Ventricle strips immersed in a superfusate containing 27 mg l−1 MS-222 had an equivalent concentration in the tissue. At 54 mg l−1 the tissue concentration was significantly lower than the superfusate. 3. A concentration of 10 mg l−1 MS-222 in the perfusate produced a 25% drop in force of contraction of ventricle strips. 4. Isolated perfused hearts pumping perfusate with 10 mg l−1 MS-222 also showed a fall of approximately 25% in maximum cardiac output and maximum power output. 5. Tissue anaesthetic levels in the ventricles of superfused trout hearts were found to be three-fold higher than that in the perfusate. 6. The need for caution when using MS-222 in physiological experiments is therefore emphasized.

Effects of some anaesthetics on postlarvae of Mugil trichodon Poey (Pisces, Mugilidae) for their transportation

The effects of MS-222, tertiary amyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol on Mugil trichodon Poey postlarvae are presented. The light and deep sedation stages of anaesthesia suitable for their transportation were obtained with dosages of 0.02 and 0.03 g/l for MS-222, 0.25 and 0.5 ml/l for tertiary amyl alcohol, and 3.0 and 3.5 ml/l for tertiary butyl alcohol. With the three anaesthetics, an increase in their concentration decreased the induction times, which, together with the recovery times, were relatively short. An intermediate narcotic stage between normal and light sedation and the effects of temperature are described for MS-222.

The effect of MS-222 on the hypoxic response of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri)

1. 1. The response of S. gairdneri to environmental hypoxia is biphasic: heart rate and ventilatory rate. 2. 2. Several loci of control for the hypoxic response exist, both centrally and peripherally. 3. 3. MS-222 decreases receptor sensitivity and increases time of response expression in a dose-dependent fashion. 4. 4. Peripheral oxygen receptors are affected most rapidly and reversibly by MS-222, while other effects are more slowly expressed but less rapidly reversed.

Effect of MS-222 on Blood Sugar and Liver Glycogen in Rainbow Trout

Effect of MS-222 on Blood Sugar and Liver Glycogen in Rainbow Trout