Effect Of Mouthrinse Research Articles

Influence of mouth rinses on the surface hardness of dental resin nano-composite.

Objective:The aim of this research was to assess the effect of mouth rinses with and without alcohol on the hardness of dental nano-filled composite.Methods:The micro-hardness of fifty circular disk shaped specimens of 7 mm x 2 mm were measured after 14 days. Specimens were immersed into alcohol containing (Listerine and Colgate Perioguard) and alcohol-free (Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic) mouth rinse solutions. Artificial saliva served as the control. Vickers Micro-hardness was measured with a 30gram load for 30 seconds dwell time by using a diamond indenter. Significant differences were represented by p<0.05, whereas highly significant difference represented by p<0.01. The level of significance (p) was calculated with the help of repeated measure ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used.Results:Statistical analysis revealed highly significant difference between specimens immersed in artificial saliva (control) and Listerine (p<0.01). Whereas significant difference were observed between control and Colgate Periogard (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed on comparing Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic mouth rinses with control group(p>0.05). Control specimens depicted highest value of micro-hardness(60.5746 ± 3.2703) compared to the lowest value seen in specimens immersed in Listerine solvent(54.4687 ± 1.0937).Conclusion:Alcohol containing mouth rinsing solutions have more deleterious effect on hardness of nano composites as compared to alcohol-free mouth rinses.

Effect of mouthrinses on surface roughness and of a nanofilled restorative composite

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinses on the surface roughness of the nanofilled restorative composite. Material and Methods: Twenty discs (4 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height) of the composite Filtek Z350 were made and roughness (µm) was measured using perfilometer with a 0.5 ?m diamond needle tip measuring and accuracy of 0.01 ?m. The discs were randomly divided into four groups (n=5): Control (distilled water), G1-Plax, G2-Plax Whitening e G3-Listerine and individually storage in eppendorfs with distilled water at 37°C. The specimens were maintained in distilled water during 30 d and immersed in mouthrinses every 12 h for 1 min. after the 30 d the specimens was cleaned in distilled water, storage in oven at 37°C during 24 h and the surface roughness test was repeated with the same parameters previously described. The data were submitted to Two-way ANOVA and the t-studant test for paired specimens. Results: No significant differences among groups were detected R1: Control (0.12±0.04); G1 (0.13±0.05); G2 (0.11±0.03); G3 (0.11±0.02); and R2: Control (0.16±0.04); G1 (0.15±0.02); G2 (0.13±0.01) e G3 (0.15±0.02). Conclusions: In this study the mouthrinses solutions did not promote significant changes on the surface roughness of Filtek Z350 after 30 d.Keywords: Composites; Polymer; Dental materials

In Vitro Virucidal Effect of Mouthrinse Containing C31G on Seasonal Influenza Viruses

C31G is a potent antimicrobial agent and can disrupt the microbial membrane by the alkyl portion of the molecule. The objective of this study was to evaluate the virucidal effectiveness of C31G and mouthrinse containing C31G (Sense-Time) on seasonal influenza viruses. Evaluation of the virucidal activity against influenza viruses was performed with end-point titration in 10-day-old chicken embryos and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that C31G and Sense-Time inhibited the growth of seasonal influenza viruses even in the presence of 5% organic material. Gargling with C31G or Sense-Time would enhance oropharyngeal hygiene, which would be helpful for reducing influenza transmission.

The effects of mouth rinses on the color stability of resin-based restorative materials.

The aim of this study was to assess the color stability of three direct resin-based restorative materials: IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Nano-filled composite (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and Nano-hybrid composite (Tetric Evo Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) upon immersion into the following three mouth rinses: Antiseptol (Kahira Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries Co. Cairo-Egypt), Flucal (Alexandria Co. Pharmaceuticals Alexandria, Egypt), and Listerine (Johnson & Johnson, UK). Ninety disc-shaped, 12 mm × 1 mm specimens were divided into three groups according to the type of direct resin-based restorative material used. The specimens were randomly subdivided into three different subgroups (N = 10) in terms of immersion medium. Color change was evaluated prior to and after immersion into the mouth rinses for 24 hours by spectrophotometry (Shimadzu, UV-3101 PC Shimadzu Corporation. Kyoto, Japan). Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the color stability of the restorative materials. The post hoc Scheffe's test was applied to clarify pair-wise statistical significance. Results with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. IPS Empress Direct (ΔE = 1.48) exhibited more favorable stability than the other tested composite resins, Filtek Z 350 X (ΔE = 3.05) and Tetric Evo Ceram (ΔE = 10.35). The immersion media elicited a significant effect on the color stability of the tested, resin-based restorative materials, where Flucal elicited the most significant color change, followed by Listerine and Antiseptol, which elicited the least significant color change. Within the limitation of this laboratory study, the following conclusions could be drawn: (1) The composite structure, namely the resin formulation, which includes the filler size and type of photo-initiator, has a direct impact on its susceptibility to stain by external agents; (2) Mouth rinses can be considered stainable solutions; (3) The chemical formulation of individual mouth rinses can significantly control their ability to stain. Patient use of mouth rinses should be subject to dental supervision to control their adverse effects on the aesthetic quality of the restoration. Knowing the composition of the restorative material is important, as is its polymerization cycle and the promotion of adequate surface texture in order to select the appropriate material for each clinical application, and to use it in an effective way to promote its best properties.

Clinical efficacy analysis of the mouth rinsing with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts in the gingival bleeding reduction

Medicinal plants represent important therapeutic resources to health restoration, including the use of herbal products in the mouth conditions treatment. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of mouth rinse with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts, against chlorhexidine 0.12% in the gingiva bleeding condition. The mouth rinses with the herbal products were effective for this case, showing thus, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties similar to that of chlorhexidine 0.12%.

In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Mouth Rinse with Trimetaphosphate on Enamel Demineralization

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) addition to mouth rinses to inhibit enamel demineralization. Design: Bovine enamel blocks (n = 88) were selected by surface hardness and divided into eight treatment groups (n = 11 per group): placebo, 100 or 225 μg F/ml; the rinses with 100 μg F/ml had differing TMP concentrations (range 0-0.6%). The blocks were subjected to pH cycling for 5 days and treated twice a day with mouth rinses. After that, surface and cross-sectional hardness as well as fluoride in enamel were measured. Results: The groups containing both 100 μg F/ml and 0.4% TMP inhibited demineralization most effectively (p < 0.001). This formulation yielded lower values of lesion areas than the formulations containing 100 or 225 μg F/ml but no TMP. The addition of 0.4% TMP increased the fluoride in enamel. Conclusion: It is possible to improve the effectiveness of a mouth rinse with 100 µg F/ml by addition of TMP, this being superior in inhibiting enamel demineralization compared with mouth rinses containing 225 µg F/ml.

Effectiveness of mouthrinses and oral prophylaxis on reduction of microorganisms count in irreversible hydrocolloid impression: an in vivo study.

Dental impressions, contaminated with saliva, blood, plaque, are potential source of infection. All impressions should be disinfected after their removal from mouth to prevent cross contamination. Different methods have been tried to disinfect the commonly used irreversible hydrocolloid impression material, but they have been shown to influence the dimensional stability and surface detail of the impression which ultimately affects the precision of the final prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pre-procedural oral prophylaxis and mouthrinses in reducing the overall microbial load intraorally as well as on alginate impression surface. A total of 60 positive cases selected from 100 subjects who were partially edentulous and above 18years of age and without medical or pharmacotherapy histories were studied over a period of 18months, from outpatient clinic of Department of Prosthodontics, GNIDSR. Alginate impressions, before and after prophylaxis were examined microbiologically for the persistence of test microorganisms on the untreated (control group) and the impressions made after treatment. The data were statistically analyzed by the Student t test to assess the effectiveness of the procedure and also the comparative effectiveness of oral prophylaxis and commonly used mouthrinses. The results showed that the impressions were safer when made after oral prophylaxis and/or mouthrinses.

Opposition of Carbohydrate in a Mouth-Rinse Solution to the Detrimental Effect of Mouth Rinsing During Cycling Time Trials

Studies have reported that rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution improves cycling time-trial performance compared with rinsing with a placebo solution. However, no studies have compared the effect of mouth rinsing with a no-mouth-rinse control condition. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a CHO mouth rinse with those of a placebo rinse and a no-rinse condition. Ten male cyclists completed three 1,000-kJ cycling time trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. At every 12.5% of the time trial completed, participants were required to rinse their mouths for 5 s with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO), water (WA), or no solution (CON). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 25% of the time trial completed. Time to completion was faster in both CHO (65.7 ± 11.07 min) and CON (67.6 ± 12.68 min) than in WA (69.4 ± 13.81 min; p = .013 and p = .042, respectively). The difference between CHO and CON approached significance (p = .086). There were no differences in heart rate or RPE between any conditions. In summary, repeated mouth rinsing with water results in decreased performance relative to not rinsing at all. Adding CHO to the rinse solution appears to oppose this fall in performance, possibly providing additional benefits to performance compared with not rinsing the mouth at all. This brings into question the magnitude of the effect of CHO mouth rinsing reported in previous studies that did not include a no-rinse condition.

The effect of mouth rinses on surface micro hardness of two esthetic restorative materials

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mouth rinses (Biofresh and ZAK) on the surface micro hardnessof two light cure restorative material (Tetric ceram ivoclar-vivadent) and (3M Z 250) dentalcomposite.Methodology: The microhardness values of (sixty) composite specimens were measured at the topsurfaces after 24 hours of immersion in different solutions (Biofresh, Zak mouth wash and distilledwater as control). Comparison done using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, SEM, minimum andmaximum values) and inferential statistics (ANOVA and LSD) test.Results: The biofresh mouth rinse which has high alcohol containing has less effect onmicrohardness of tetric ceram than the zak &amp;distiled water , while the effect of Zak mouth rinse onmicrohhybrid composit (3M Z250) is less than biofresh &amp;distiled water, also there was highlysignificant difference between subgroup of tetric ceram and the same for (3M Z250) composite &amp; theeffect of the mouth rinse on hardness was material dependent it may be attributed to the differencesin chemical composition and filler type of each material. Since it was found that alcohol is not the onlyfactor that has the softening effect on the restorative material, other ingredient in a mouth rinse. mayhave softening effect on polymer matrix.Recommendations: We recommend for a comparison of color stability for restorative materialunder the effect of mouth rinsing.

Effect of mouth rinses on the color of three tooth-colored restorative materials

Effect of mouth rinses on the color of three tooth-colored restorative materials

In vitro evaluation of the whitening effect of mouth rinses containing hydrogen peroxide

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effect of two mouth rinses containing hydrogen peroxide. Thirty premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15): Listerine Whitening (LW) and Colgate Plax Whitening (PW). The teeth were fixed on a wax plate and with acrylic resin, at a distance of 5 mm between each other, exposing the buccal surfaces. All teeth were stored in artificial saliva for 45 days, being removed twice a day to be immersed for 1 min in each mouthwash, followed by 10-second washing in tap water. The pH of each product was measured. Digital images of each tooth were captured under standardized conditions. These images were cut in areas previously demarcated and analyzed in Adobe Photoshop 7.0 using the CIEL*a*b* color space system. Data were statistically analyzed by a paired t test and an independent samples t test (p < 0.05). The pH values were 5.6 and 3.4 for LW and PW, respectively. Both treatment groups showed a decrease in the b* parameter (p < 0.01), but a decrease of a* was observed only for PW (p < 0.01). While the LW group showed an improvement in lightness (L*) (p = 0.03), the PW group had a decrease in the L* parameter (p = 0.02). Within the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that both products caused some degree of whitening; however, extreme care should be taken when using Colgate Plax Whitening, since its decline in luminosity might be due to its lower pH.

The antifungal properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyrinidinium chloride on oral Candida

IntroductionC. tropicalis and C. krusei have emerged as virulent species causing oral infections. Both have developed resistance to commonly prescribed azole antifungal agents. ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the effect of mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and their combination (CHX–CPC) on the growth of these strains. MethodsThe minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the mouth rinses were determined. The growth curves of the strains produced under the mouth rinse-treated and untreated conditions, as well as alterations to the morphology of the growth colonies and cells following the treatments were compared and analysed. ResultsThe MICs of CPC compared to CHX mouth rinses were found to be lower for both Candida sp. In the mixed formulation, CPC doubled the inhibitory effect of CHX towards both Candida sp., while CHX quadrupled the activity of CPC towards C. tropicalis. The growth colonies also appeared coarse, wrinkled and dried. ConclusionThe profound effects shown may suggest the fungicidal activities of the mouth rinses incorporated with CHX, CPC or their combination on both C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Gargling using mouth rinses with such fungicidal activity would enhance a rapid reduction in the candidal population of patients with fungal infection.

The effect of mouthrinses on oral malodor: a systematic review

The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature regarding the impact of mouthrinses on oral malodor and present evidence for the treatment effects of mouthrinses on oral malodor. PubMed-MEDLINE, the Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched through February 10, 2012 to identify appropriate studies. Volatile sulphur compound measurements, organoleptic measurements and tongue coating were selected as outcome variables. SEARCH RESULTS: The independent screenings of 333 unique titles and paper abstracts revealed 12 publications (12 experiments) that met the eligibility criteria. Means and standard deviations were extracted. The results were separated into short-term (<3 weeks) and longer-term (≥3 weeks) studies. In this review, nearly all mouthwashes with active ingredients had beneficial effects in reducing oral malodor in both short- and longer-term studies. The most compelling evidence was provided for chlorhexidine mouthwashes, and those that contained a combination of cetyl pyridinum chloride and zinc provided the best evidence profile on oral malodor. Little data with respect to tongue coating were available, and none of the studies showed a beneficial effect for this parameter.

Effect of mouth rinses on the hardness of three tooth-colored restorative materials

Background Tooth-colored restorative materials, such as composite resins, glass-ionomer cements or compomers are routinely used for tooth restoration. Alcohol is used in mouth rinses as a solvent, taste enhancer and an antiseptic agent but studies have shown it to be directly related to softening of composite resin restorations.

Effectiveness of mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula fruit on salivary Streptococcus mutans among 12 to 15 year old school children of Belgaum city: A randomized field trial

Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease. Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in the occurrence of dental caries. Many antibacterial agents have been developed against dental caries. However, they lack the qualities of an ideal agent. Thus presently, antibacterial activity of herbal agents is being extensively studied. In the present study, ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula was prepared and mouthrinse was formulated. A total of 60 children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into study and control group and respective mouthrinses were administered. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count was assessed at 5 and 60 minutes after rinsing and compared with baseline values. Substantivity of the rinse was assessed among 10 children. Mouthrinse was given to the children and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 hours postrinsing. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the variance of factors like Decayed Missed Filled Teeth, plaque scores, and gingival scores. ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) was used to determine the change in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units taking baseline values as covariates. It was observed that there was 44.42% reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units 5 minutes after rinsing as compared with baseline values and 64.14% reduction in Streptococcus mutans colony forming units at 60 minutes after rinsing as compared with baseline values. There was a reduction of 35.48% in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units at 60 minutes after rinsing as compared with 5 minutes sample. Streptococcus mutans counts were low up to 6 hours postrinsing among 80% of the children.

Effect of Mouth Rinses with Fluoride and Trimetaphosphate on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study

The effect of mouth rinses containing fluoride (100 µg/ml) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel erosion was evaluated in vitro. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to erosive challenges 4 times per day for 5 min, followed by treatment with placebo, 225 µg F/ml, 100 µg F/ml, 100 µg F/ml and TMP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) solutions (30 s) and storage in artificial saliva, over a duration of 5 days. TMP groups showed lower enamel wear than fluoride-only and placebo groups (p < 0.05). Addition of TMP at a TMP:NaF molar proportion between 1.24:1 and 3.72:1 to a solution containing 100 µg F/ml presented a greater protective effect under erosive conditions than a solution containing 225 µg F/ml, in the absence of TMP.

In vitro antifungal effect of mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine and thymol

Background/purpose In this in vitro study, we assessed the antifungal effect of mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine and thymol. Materials and methods The fungistatic activities of chlorhexidine- and thymol-containing mouth rinses were assessed by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fungicidal activity was determined by a time-kill assay. Results The chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash was able to kill all strains of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in shorter times compared to the thymol-containing mouthwash. Hexidine showed an MIC of 1:32 for both Candida species, whereas Listerine respectively showed MICs of 1:8 and 1:16 for C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Conclusions Antimicrobial agents used in the study had good in vitro activity against the two Candida species. Mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine showed superior antifungal and fungicidal activities compared to the thymol-containing mouth rinse. Both antimicrobial agents may be suggested for use as topical antifungal agents.

Efficacy of two commonly available mouth rinses used as preprocedural rinses in children

There are many studies on the effect of preprocedural mouth rinses in adults, but there is a dearth of the literature on the effects of these mouth rinses in children. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available brands, one containing chlorhexidine 0.12% (Colgate Periogard) and the other containing cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% (Johnson and Johnson's Reach) used as preprocedural mouth rinses in children. The study was conducted on 18 patients in the age group of 10-15 years. A crossover design was used with the random assignment of the first rinse tested and a wash out period of at least 1 week before the second rinse was used. The saliva samples were collected prerinse, 2 min, 30 min, and 60 min after rinsing with the solution. The samples were inoculated and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. After 48 h, the resultant bacterial colonies were counted. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon's signed rank test, ANOVA, and Newman-Keul's studentized range test. Periogard had the highest percentage reduction in both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms followed by Reach and the least effective was normal saline which was used as a control. Periogard is comparatively better as a preprocedural mouth rinse than Reach.

Effectiveness of Mouth Washes on Streptococci in Plaque around Orthodontic Appliances

Background and Purpose. Fixed orthodontics may be associated with accumulation of Mutans Streptococci (MS), enamel demineralization, and an increased number of carious lesions, predominantly in sites adjacent to brackets. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Listerine, Oral-B, and Ortho-kin on the accumulation of MS in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized cross-over clinical trial on 25 orthodontic patients, classified into 6 groups was done to assess MS in plaque and saliva with the side specific modified Strip-Mutans technique and the plaque (PI) was measured before and after rinsing using 3 types of commercial mouth-rinses. A washout period (3 weeks) was awaited between using each mouth-rinse and the data was analyzed via Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests. Results. This study of 25 patients, 5 men and 20 women, with an average age of 19 ± 6/3 assessed the effectiveness of mouth-rinses on MS. Our results showed that Ortho-kin had a better effect than Oral-B and Listerine (P < 0/09). Ortho-kin also had better effects than Oral-B and Listerine on plaque accumulation (P < 0/001). Conclusion. Ortho-kin showed better effects on decreasing MS and PI because it contained chlorhexidine.

Clinical and microbiological efficacy of three different treatment methods in the management of denture stomatitis

This study evaluated. the effect of mouthrinses and tissue conditioner on the clinical findings and microbial flora of 60 patients with Newton's type II denture stomatitis (N2DS) BACKGROUND: Denture stomatitis is a common problem in complete denture wearers. Sixty patients with N2DS were included in this study and divided into three groups. Two groups of patients were instructed to rinse their mouth with the designated mouthrinses DioxiDent and Corsodyl twice daily for 1 min and to soak their dentures overnight in these solutions for 15 days. For the third group, tissue conditioner was placed in each of 20 patients' existing maxillary dentures. Patients were evaluated both clinically and microbiologically at baseline and after 15 days. Palatal swabs and smears were taken from each patient before and after treatment and these samples were examined mycologically. The difference between Candida colonisation before and after treatment and the differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical findings were assessed. DioxiDent and Corsodyl showed an improvement in palatal inflammation and a decrease in Candida colonisation compared to Visco-gel. The effectiveness of topical chlorine dioxide and chlorhexidine gluconate in the management of N2DS was demonstrated.