Effect Of Molecular Structure Research Articles

Effects of amylose and amylopectin molecular structures on rheological, thermal and textural properties of soft cake batters

The rheological, thermal and textural properties of batter are critical for the eating and processing quality of soft cake products. Wheat starch molecular structures play an important role on these properties. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography were used to measure amylopectin and amylose chain-length distribution. The obtained data were fitted with two different biosynthesis-based models, resulting in few biologically-meaningful parameters. For cake batter, the rheological, thermal and textural properties were measured by rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry and texture analyser. The length of amylose intermediate to long chains and amylopectin long chains was significantly positively correlated with the viscoelasticity of cake batter. The length of long amylose chains showed a negative correlation with the frequency value of crossover point between G′ and G″ curves. Moreover, different combinations of long amylopectin and intermediate-long amylose chains contributed to the formation of multi-endothermic gelatinization peaks. From flour-water system to flour-lipid-protein system, the main factors determining rheological and thermal properties changed from short amylopectin to long amylopectin and intermediate-long amylose chains. This study provides the first associations between starch molecular fine structure and functional properties of cake batter, which could help food industry breed and select suitable wheat varieties for improved batter quality. • The functional properties of flour-lipid cake batter were investigated in this study. • Long AP & medium and long AM chains are positively correlated with viscoelasticity. • Decrease of long AM chain length increases crossover point x value of rheology curves. • Cake batter shows two endothermic peaks in gelatinization curves. • Chain length distribution of AM is the determining factor for flour-lipid batter.

Organic quaternary phosphonium salts intercalated MXene towards controllable amphiphilicity and dispersions

• 1. Ti 3 C 2 was intercalated by quaternary phosphonium salt with different structure. • 2. The modified Ti 3 C 2 show controllable dispersions in different organic solvents. • 3. The thermal stability of Ti 3 C 2 was significantly improved after the intercalation. Two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 has drawn widespread academic interest in several fields due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, its poor dispersion in organic solvents and easily oxidized in aqueous solution pose a challenge to storage and application. Herein, we intercalated Ti 3 C 2 with a series of quaternary phosphonium salts (QPS) for turning amphiphilicity, thus controlling its dispersion in organic solvents. The effect of molecular structure of QPS on the dispersion of modified Ti 3 C 2 was investigated, including chain type and length. The results showed that the thermal stability and dispersion in organic solvents of Ti 3 C 2 were remarkably enhanced after being intercalated with QPS containing a longer chain. This strategy may pave a new way for rationally designing Ti 3 C 2 with high stability and dispersion and enriching its application.

DAEM: Deep attributed embedding based multi-task learning for predicting adverse drug–drug interaction

Adverse drug–drug interaction (ADDI) is an important concern in pharmaceutical industry and becomes a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in public health. With the increasing accumulation of biochemical characteristics of drugs, many computational methods are proposed by exploiting multiple attributes of drugs for ADDI prediction. However, due to the high-dimensional and highly sparse spaces of the hand-designed attributes of drugs, it still remains a challenging issue for investigating a robust projection between attributes of drugs and their adverse interactions, which can benefit to revealing the non-linear properties of their adverse relationship for accurate ADDI prediction. In this paper, we propose a Deep Attributed Embedding based Multi-task (DAEM) learning model for ADDI prediction. In particular, two drug attributes, molecular structure and side effect, are adopted to model the adverse interactions among drugs and a deep neural network is designed to embed the hand-designed attributes into their low-dimensional spaces while preserving adverse relationship and modeling attribute dependence for learning the informative attribute representations and capturing the non-linear properties of drugs. Along this line, multi-task learning is performed for ADDI prediction by regarding the prediction of each ADDI as a regression task jointly with proper regularizations. Experimental results on real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DAEM when compared with thirteen baselines and its variants.

Chemical synthesis and characterization of a soluble copolymer poly (methoxyaniline-co-orthotoluidine), application as corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in 3% NaCl medium

A copolymer and polymers were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in hydrochloride aqueous medium. The resultant copolymer and polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD and TGA analysis, which reveals a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the copolymer. The copolymer is soluble in various organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, THF and acetonitrile. The performance of this copolymer as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 3% NaCl solution was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The copolymer acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel. The inhibition process is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film of copolymer on the metal surface which protects the metal against corrosion. The experimental results indicate that copolymer has good corrosion inhibition performance and the protection efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration. The molecular structure effect on the corrosion inhibition efficiency was investigated using DFT calculations. The parameters for the structural and electronic systems were calculated and discussed. The obtained results show that the experimental studies agree well and confirm that the copolymer is the good inhibitor.

Exploration on laminar flame propagation of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene

Laminar flame propagation of branched hexene isomers/air mixtures including 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (NEC6D3), 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene (XC6D1) and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (XC6D2) was investigated using a high-pressure constant-volume cylindrical combustion vessel at 1–10 atm, 373 K and equivalence ratios of 0.7–1.5. The measured laminar burning velocity (LBV) decreases in the order of NEC6D3, XC6D1 and XC6D2, which indicates distinct fuel molecular structure effects. A kinetic model was constructed and examined using the new experimental data. Modeling analyses were performed to reveal fuel-specific flame chemistry of branched hexene isomers. In the NEC6D3 and XC6D1 flames, the allylic CC bond dissociation reaction plays the most crucial role in fuel decomposition under rich conditions, while its dominance is replaced by H-abstraction reactions under lean conditions. The H-abstraction and H-assisted isomerization reactions are concluded to govern fuel consumption in the XC6D2 flame under all investigated conditions. Both C0C3 reactions and fuel-specific reactions are found to be influential to the laminar flame propagation of the three branched hexene isomers. Fuel molecular structure effects were analyzed with special attentions on key intermediates distributions and fuel-specific reactions in all flames. Due to the formation selectivity of key intermediates such as 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, the production of reactive radicals especially H follows the order of NEC6D3 > XC6D1 > XC6D2, which results in the same order of fuel reactivities and LBVs.

Exploring fuel molecular structure effects on the pyrolysis chemistry of branched hexenes

3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (NEC6D3) and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (XC6D2) are representative branched alkene components in gasoline. This work experimentally investigated the pyrolysis of NEC6D3 and XC6D2 in a flow reactor (T = 950–1350 K, P = 0.04 atm) and a jet-stirred reactor (T = 730–1000 K, P = 1 atm) using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) and gas chromatography (GC). A pyrolysis model of branched hexenes was proposed and validated against the new experimental data. The combined experimental observations and modeling analyses provide insights into the predominant fuel decomposition pathways and specific formation pathways of products under pyrolysis conditions. NEC6D3 exhibits a much higher reactivity than XC6D2 due to the existence of allylic CC bonds. Unimolecular decomposition reactions play the most crucial role in NEC6D3 decomposition, while in XC6D2 pyrolysis, fuel consumption is dominated by H-abstraction reactions and the H-assisted isomerization reaction. Fuel-specific pathways can remarkably influence the formation of pyrolysis products, especially the key C1C2 products, isomer pairs and dialkenes. Furthermore, the reactions involving propargyl radical dominate the formation of fulvene and aromatic products in the pyrolysis of both fuels, leading to more abundant production of C6 and larger cyclic products in XC6D2 pyrolysis.

Study on coal molecular structure characteristics on methane adsorption performance under pyrolysis treatment

To reveal the effect of the molecular structure of coal on the gas adsorption ability of coal seams, this paper selects the high-quality bituminous coal in the Shenmu mining area of Shaanxi Province, China, as the research object. We changed the molecular structure of coal through pyrolysis experiments and studied the effect of changing coal molecular structure on methane adsorption capacity based on Langmuir adsorption equations, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and liquid nitrogen adsorption. The findings of the experiments reveal that d 002 reduces as pyrolysis temperature rises, but L a , N ave , and L c increase overall. The molecular structure of coal is restructured and layered, and the degree of polycondensation increases. Simultaneously, heating decomposes the active functional groups inside the coal sample, A C-O / A ar , A CH 2 / A CH 3 and A al / A ar decrease with the increasing pyrolysis temperature, and the aromatization degree of coal also deepens. The adsorption Langmuir constant a is well connected with d 002 , L a , N ave , L c , A C-O / A ar , A CH 2 / A CH 3 and A al / A ar . After high-temperature pyrolysis, A variety of chemical bonds in the coal sample are broken, resulting in the release of a substantial amount of light hydrocarbon, and then a large number of holes and cracks appear in the coal body, and the micropores are reduced, thus reducing the overall adsorption capacity of the coal. The findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for the development of new technologies to recover coal seam gas during mining.

High-performance post-treatment-free PEDOT based thermoelectric with the establishment of long-range ordered conductive paths

In this work, post-treatment-free polymer hybrids, consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and ionic liquids (ILs), were fabricated for the thermoelectric (TE) application. By optimizing the ILs’ molar concentration (0–0.5 M) and chemical composition, that is varying the cyano-based anions coupled with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cations, a high TE performance (power factor of 190 μW m−1 K−2) was achieved. The excellent TE performance was attributed to the conductive network under the coupling effect of molecular structure (such as oxidation level, conformation and crystallization of PEDOT chains) and microstructure (long-range ordered conductive paths). Especially, the long-range conductive paths were proved to be made of rod-like microdomains, based on detailed structure analysis with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. These paths enabled carrier transport among microdomains of PEDOT:PSS/IL hybrids. Moreover, the conductive network of PEDOT:PSS/IL hybrids showed good environmental and mechanical stability, enabling the fabrication of flexible TE generators.

An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the effects of molecular structure on oxidation of propanol isomers at engine-relevant condition in a variable pressure laminar flow reactor

Fuel combustion mechanism at different temperature and pressure range can be highly divers. In combustion process, many reactions are strongly pressure-dependent. Reactions that are important at low pressures may not be that important when pressure gets higher. Kinetic models developed and validated only at atmospheric conditions can have a large deviation when directly applied for higher pressures. Thus, experimental and kinetic studies at elevated to high pressures are essential for the understanding of fuel properties at engine-relevant conditions. However, speciation studies at such conditions are rare, which limits prediction accuracy of kinetic models. Propanol is the smallest alcohol that has isomers, and can be produced via carbon–neutral routes. Study on propanol can reveal the effect of isomerization and facilitate kinetic studies of larger alcohols. In present work, experiments have been carried out at elevated pressure in a variable pressure laminar flow reactor. Speciation data has been measured and compared. Moreover, a previous kinetic model has been modified and validated to improve prediction accuracy at elevated pressure and has been used for further kinetic analysis. The structural difference between two isomers affects their oxidation pathways and intermediate species. The position of hydroxyl moiety and bond dissociation energy of α-H have led to different oxidation properties of these two isomers. Through present work, the effect of molecular structure on oxidation properties of propanol isomers at elevated pressure have been studied. Speciation database of propanol isomers at elevated pressure has been enriched, and prediction accuracy of a previous model at present conditions has been improved.

Structure-Uptake Relationship Studies of Oxazolidinones in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens.

The clinical success of linezolid for treating Gram-positive infections paired with the high conservation of bacterial ribosomes predicts that if oxazolidinones were engineered to accumulate in Gram-negative bacteria, then this pharmacological class would find broad utility in eradicating infections. Here, we report an investigative study of a strategically designed library of oxazolidinones to determine the effects of molecular structure on accumulation and biological activity. Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with varying degrees of compromise (in efflux and outer membrane) were used to identify motifs that hinder permeation across the outer membrane and/or enhance efflux susceptibility broadly and specifically between species. The results illustrate that small changes in molecular structure are enough to overcome the efflux and/or permeation issues of this scaffold. Three oxazolidinone analogues (3e, 8d, and 8o) were identified that exhibit activity against all three pathogens assessed, a biological profile not observed for linezolid.

Improving the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells via manipulating the molecular packing structure of PCBM

In this study, the molecular packing structure of solution-processed phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin film was manipulated by varying the volume ratio of chlorobenzene (CB) to bromobenzene (BrB) from 100:0 to 50:50, which largely influences the device performance of the PCBM/perovskite heterojunction solar cells. Absorbance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, atomic force microscopic images and contact angle images were used to investigate the molecular packing structure effects of the PCBM thin films on the device performance of the inverted perovskite solar cells. Our experimental results show that the formation of PCBM aggregates and the contact quality at the PCBM/perovksite interface significantly influence the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor of the resultant solar cells simultaneously. It is noted that the PCE of the encapsulated inverted CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) solar cells exhibited a stable and high power conversion efficiency of 18%.

Deep Learning-Based Increment Theory for Formation Enthalpy Predictions.

Machine learning predictions of molecular thermochemistry, such as formation enthalpy, have been limited for large and complicated species because of the lack of available training data. Such predictions would be important in the prediction of reaction thermodynamics and the construction of kinetic models. Herein, we introduce a graph-based deep learning approach that can separately learn the enthalpy contribution of each atom in its local environment with the effect of the overall molecular structure taken into account. Because this approach follows the additivity scheme of increment theory, it can be generalized to larger and more complicated species not present in the training data. By training the model on molecules with up to 11 heavy atoms, it can predict the formation enthalpy of testing molecules with up to 42 heavy atoms with a mean absolute error of 2 kcal/mol, which is less than half of the error of the conventional increment theory. We expect that this approach will also enable rapid prediction of other extensive properties of large molecules that are difficult to derive from experiments or ab initio calculation.

Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites

Sulfur-containing silane coupling agents (SSCAs) are widely incorporated into silica-filled rubber composites to improve silica dispersion and enhance interfacial adhesion, maximizing the potential of silica. However, SSCA synthesis involves multistep procedures and requires organic solvents. In addition, modifying rubber composites with SSCAs has persistent issues, such as low coupling efficiency and uncontrollable structure. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of alkoxysilyl-functionalized polysulfides (SPVs) with a tunable molecular structure (sulfur rank and alkoxysilyl fraction) via inverse vulcanization of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) with a copolymer of sulfur and styrene. SPVs serve as interfacial modifiers in silica-filled rubber composites by separately reacting with the silica and rubber chains. In particular, the multiple alkoxysilyl sites in the SPV chain increase the probability of silanization, yielding high coupling efficiency in the rubber composite. Although the molar content of alkoxysilyl groups in SPV1 (the mass feed ratio of VTES and copolymer is 1) is half of that in the most widely used small-molecules SSCAs of bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, stronger interfacial adhesion and better silica dispersion are achieved in SPV1-modified composites, which consequently lead to more improvements on the composite properties. In addition, the advantages of SPV1 as an interfacial modifier in improving the “magic triangle” properties of a practical tread composite have been demonstrated. More importantly, the effects of the SPV molecular structure on silica dispersion and interfacial adhesion have been investigated, providing the fundamentals for unraveling the coupling mechanism and guiding composite property regulation.

Effect of molecular structure on pyrolysis coking performances of hydrocarbons at different temperatures

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) and n-heptane (nC7) were used to perform experimental studies in high-temperature oxidation pretreated STS304 reactor (ϕ2 × 0.5 × 1000 mm) at 873–1073 K, 1.0 MPa, and 1.0 mL/min feed rate. The heat sinks of the two fuels were calculated based on the conversion and product distribution. MCH was found to have difficulty in achieving high heat sink at low and high temperatures. The formation pathways of ethylene and benzene were then compared. Results showed their main precursors were similar, but the contribution proportion of each path was different affected by initial cracking reactions of MCH and nC7. The coking rate of MCH was lower than that of nC7 at low temperatures, while the trend was the opposite at high temperatures. The variation in C/H ratio of coke for MCH and nC7 with temperature was the same, whereas the C/H ratio of the former was significantly lower. The unique unimolecular demethylation and intramolecular stepwise dehydrogenation reactions of MCH caused its coking rate to be higher than that of nC7. An experimental method was proposed to determine the coking active site density based on composition and structure of coke. Finally, a coking mechanism based on the growth of spherical coke particles was proposed.

The Effect of Molecular Structure on the Strength of C–NO2 Bonds of Nitropentanes

The Effect of Molecular Structure on the Strength of C–NO2 Bonds of Nitropentanes

Quantifying the effect of SBS molecular structure on the upper service temperature rheological properties of modified binders

At upper service temperatures, rutting is one of the common ways through which asphalt pavements fail. The use of polymer modified binders (PMBs) significantly reduces the rutting tendency in asphalt pavements. Commercially, styrene–butadienestyrene (SBS) polymers with different molecular structures are used extensively for asphalt binder modification. Modified asphalt binders were prepared using four commercial-grade SBS polymers having different molecular structures (Linear, radial, high vinyl, and diblock) and at SBS content of 3, 4.5, and 7 wt%. Frequency sweep measurements (0.01–100 rad/s) were performed on the modified asphalt binders at 60 °C. Frequency sweep analysis reveals that the influence of molecular structure on the upper service temperature rheological properties is predominantly observed at lower frequencies (≤0.1 rad/s). At 0.01 rad/s frequency, the divergence in complex modulus and phase angle among the SBS modified binders with the four SBS polymers with different structures were ≈ 500 % and ≈ 25°, respectively. While at 10 rad/s, the variation in complex modulus and phase angle was only 60 % and 5°, respectively. The higher molecular weight (Mw), triblock structure, rigid polystyrene segments at the chain ends, and long radial branches in radial SBS polymer results in a stronger polymer network in the binder. The lower Mw and diblock structure in diblock SB polymer resulted in a weaker polymer network in the binder. The result implies that the rheological signature of the SBS polymer and its structure was predominantly observed at lower frequencies (<0.1 rad/s). Irrespective of the four SBS polymers, the correlation (R2) of the rheological properties with rutting was enhanced significantly at frequency ≤ 0.1 rad/s. This study illustrates the importance of lower frequencies in quantifying the effects of the SBS structure on the upper service temperature rheological properties of SBS-MABs. For a good correlation, effective grading, and quality control, the rheological variable at frequency ω ≤ 0.1 rad/s is important in modified asphalt binders.

Probing the effect of molecular structure saddling on ultrafast charge migration via time-resolved x-ray diffraction

Metal-corroles are macrocycle organic molecules with numerous practical applications. In particular, copper corroles exhibit an interesting saddled geometry, which has attracted significant attention from theoreticians and experimentalists over the years. The present work is dedicated to understand the effect of structural saddling in a copper corrole on potential probe signals via imaging ultrafast coherent electron dynamics. A linearly polarized pulse is used to trigger the electron dynamics and time-resolved x-ray diffraction is employed to image the triggered dynamics. It is found that the symmetry reduction in the time-resolved diffraction signals and electronic flux densities is a signature of the saddling in a copper corrole during ultrafast charge migration. Moreover, analysis of the electronic flux density reveals that the diagonal nitrogen atoms mediate coherent charge migration between them via a central copper atom. Correlation of the flux densities and the diffraction signals indicates that the signature of the charge migration is encoded in time-resolved diffraction signals. A comparison of the static diffraction signals of nonsaddled planar copper porphyrin and saddled nonplanar copper corrole in their ground states is made.

Dextran and Its Derivatives: Biopolymer Additives for the Modulation of Vaterite CaCO3 Crystal Morphology and Adhesion to Cells

AbstractNowadays, a great demand for the development of novel drug delivery systems with high potential for bench‐to‐market transition attracts scientific attention toward materials that are already approved for biomedical use. Here, controlled fabrication of hybrid organic inorganic mesoporous crystals is realized in physiologically relevant conditions by co‐synthesis of vaterite CaCO3 in the presence of dextran (DEX) or its functional derivatives. The effects of DEX molecular weight and chemical structure on morphology, porosity, and stability of the hybrids are investigated. Molecular weight of DEX does not affect the crystal growth but leads to the partial blocking of crystal pores. Co‐synthesis of DEX functionalized with either carboxymethyl (CM) or diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) groups drastically increased crystal porosity without influencing crystal size. pH‐dependent vaterite‐to‐calcite recrystallization is significantly suppressed by inclusion of carboxymethyl‐dextran (CM‐DEX), making vaterite crystals stable in acidic medium, whereas the incorporation of diethylaminoethyl‐dextran (DEAE‐DEX) has no effect. The hybrids prepared with charged DEX derivatives possess stronger adhesion to normal human dermal fibroblasts: three times higher crystal adherence compared to pristine crystals. These results provide fundamental physical–chemical insights into the crystallization of DEX/vaterite hybrids and are discussed in view of the potential of these functional delivery carriers for biomedical and other applications.

Effect of chitosan molecular structure on the storage and controlled‐releasing property of double‐layer particles for bioactive proteins oral administration

SummaryA double‐layer chitosan‐based particle was designed and investigated to enrich the bioavailability of bioactive proteins/peptides. Chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weights and degrees of acetylation (DA) was demonstrated to influence the particle size and ζ‐potential of CTS‐based particles. In particular, when the second layer was crosslinked, the double‐layer particles became compacter. With lower molecular weight, flexible chains and lower DA value, the particles CTS50/CTS30‐TPP presented the most compact structure, depending on electrostatic interactions and charges of CTS for intermolecular reaction. Moreover, this particle had an excellent performance to keep nutraceutical ingredients stable, just leaked 2.199% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pH 4.0 solution for 60 days. When it shifted to the gastrointestinal tract, there was 3.671% BSA released in stomach, 6.500% in small intestine and 35.07% in colon. With the good controlled‐releasing profile, the double‐layer particle has been considered suitable for functional food applications.

Saccharide-originated fluorescent carbon dots synthesized by in-liquid plasma with controlled orderliness of carbon core through precursor alteration for selective and rapid metal ion detection

Carbon dots (CDs) have grown interested in replacing metal-based quantum dots due to their fluorescent properties with low toxicity. The green synthesis, therefore, represents a contribution to this research field. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of CDs from simple saccharides, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, using an eco-friendly method—solution plasma (SP)—by applying plasma in the aqueous solution of the precursor. Variations and characterizations are conducted to understand the role or influence of each synthesis parameter, i.e. saccharide precursor's molecular structure, solution pH (2, 5, and 8), and post-treatment method (freeze-drying and heat-drying), in the materials' structure and fluorescent properties. Blue light-emitting CDs are prepared from all precursors of pH 5 and 8 through SP, followed by heat-drying. Results show that SP is responsible for the carbon core formation, and thus the precursor type affects the carbon core's orderliness. Heat-drying causes oxidation on the CDs' surface, whereby OH functional groups change to C=O. Among all samples, the CDs synthesized from fructose at pH 5 (Fru-CDs-5) perform the best photoluminescence property, having the highest quantum yield (QY) of 9.16% and exhibiting an outstanding ability to detect Fe 3+ ions. This is the first attempt to evince the potential use of SP to synthesize CDs from natural carbon sources and obtain CDs exhibiting superior fluorescence properties without any doping and complex synthesis steps. In addition to offering a new synthetic approach, this work specifies the role of the SP and the effect of the saccharide's molecular structure, which is the most relevant synthesis parameters mandatory to obtain tailored CDs with precise control. • Carbon dots (CDs) are synthesized from fructose, glucose, and sucrose using the ‘solution plasma (SP)’ process. • This is the first attempt to use SP to synthesize CDs from natural carbon sources. • The role of the SP and the post-treatment method and the effect of the precursor's molecular structure are explored. • The obtained CDs display outstanding sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe 3+ ion detection.