Effect Of Moderate Intensity Physical Activity Research Articles

Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Intensitas Sedang terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu pada Laki-Laki Obesitas

<p>Obesity is a problem that concerns the world. The increasing of obese prevalence is relate to the risk of comorbidities that occurs through the insulin resistance mechanism. Moderate intensity physical activity can prevent insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity. The method is numerical comparative analytic research with a quasi-experimental design and the method of taking the repetitive measurement data (pre test - post test design) with a control group. Total of the samples are 30 people, divided into positive control groups (K1), negative control group (K2) and the treatment group (P). Analysis using Paired T-Test shows the value of p = 0.087 in group P1, p = 0.058 in group P2 and p = 0,000 in group P. Analysis using One Way Anova shows the value of p= 0.002 between P and K1, p= 0.085 between P and K2, p= 0.474 between K1 and K2. There is a statistically significant effect of moderate-intensity physical activity in the form of 30 minutes of brisk walking on lowering blood glucose levels in obese men.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Blood glucose level, insulin resistance, moderate intensity of physical activity, obesity.</p>

Effect of short duration moderate intensity physical activity on glycemic control and antioxidant status of prediabetic population.

Objectives:To determine the effect of moderate-intensity physical activity on glycemic control and antioxidant status in the prediabetic population.Methods:This experimental study was carried out in the Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 50 adult prediabetic subjects having 22 females and 28 males with the age range of 18 to 35 years were included. Diagnosis of prediabetes was made by glycated hemoglobin falling in the range of 5.7-6.4%, and impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dL). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical assays were carried out at pre and post-exercise intervention. The participants performed moderate exercise of 30 min with heart rate max 7% ± 5% for 5 days a week for 8 weeks, monitored with pedometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out for individual and total antioxidants.Results:Anthropometric parameters showed a significant decrease at post-exercise analysis. Similar changes were observed for fasting glucose (p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.001). Slight increase in uric acid (p<0.005) and total antioxidant concentration (p<0.001) were found. However, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and nitric oxide decreased (p<0.001).Conclusion:Moderate physical activity for 8 weeks significantly reduced the individual antioxidant levels, nominal increase in total antioxidant capacity and uric acid, and there was an explicit decline in the anthropometric and diabetic profile of prediabetic population.

Differential Effects of Acute Exercise on Distinct Aspects of Executive Function.

To increase understanding about the effects of moderate-intensity physical activity on cognitive function, the current study examined whether a single bout of aerobic exercise exerts differential effects on distinct aspects of executive function in healthy young adults. A within-subjects study was designed where 26 young adult participants (mean age = 25.23 yr, 12 males) engaged in a 30-min bout of both (a) moderate-intensity aerobic cycling and (b) passive motor-driven cycling, occurring on two separate occasions and counterbalanced in their order. To assess changes in cognitive function, performance on two tasks of executive function-working memory and inhibitory control, counterbalanced in the order of administration-was collected before and immediately after each exercise session. Results indicate that working memory performance on the 2-back condition of a facial n-back task was acutely enhanced by moderate-intensity exercise (mean increase in accuracy = 6.4% ± 1.1%), which was significantly greater than the changes after passive exercise control (P < 0.05). This finding was not observed for inhibitory control in which neither of the exercise sessions elicited significant changes in performance on a flanker task. Acute aerobic exercise evokes differential effects on executive functions. This specificity in behavioral outcomes leads to the prediction that brain mechanisms related to working memory, compared to inhibitory control, are selectively benefited by moderate-intensity exercise.

Can exercise training rescue the adverse cardiometabolic effects of low birth weight and prematurity?

Being born preterm and/or small for gestational age are well-established risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. Physical activity has the potential to mitigate against the detrimental cardiometabolic effects of low birth weight from two perspectives: (i) maternal exercise prior to and during pregnancy; and (ii) exercise during childhood or adulthood for those born small or prematurely. Evidence from epidemiological birth cohort studies suggests that the effects of moderate-intensity physical activity during pregnancy on mean birth weight are small, but reduce the risk of either high or low birth weight infants. In contrast, vigorous and/or high-intensity exercise during pregnancy has been associated with reduced birth weight. In childhood and adolescence, exercise ability is compromised in extremely low birth weight individuals (<1000g), but only marginally reduced in those of very low to low birth weight (1000-2500g). Epidemiological studies show that the association between birth weight and metabolic disease is lost in physically fit individuals and, consistently, that the association between low birth weight and metabolic syndrome is accentuated in unfit individuals. Physical activity intervention studies indicate that most cardiometabolic risk factors respond to exercise in a protective manner, independent of birth weight. The mechanisms by which exercise may protect low birth weight individuals include restoration of muscle mass, reduced adiposity and enhanced β-cell mass and function, as well as effects on both aerobic and anaerobic muscle metabolism, including substrate utilization and mitochondrial function. Vascular and cardiac adaptations are also likely important, but are less well studied.

Moderating Effects of Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity in the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Interleukin-6 in Primary Care Patients

To determine whether the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 and depressive symptoms is moderated by participation in moderate-intensity physical activity in a sample of primary care patients. Elevated inflammation has been associated with a number of poor health outcomes. Depressive symptoms may be related to higher levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6; however, previous findings are inconsistent, possibly due to unidentified moderating factors. A total of 107 participants, aged ≥ 40 years, were recruited in Rochester, New York, in 2006 to 2007. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised, participation in moderate-intensity physical activity was measured using a modified version of the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults, and serum IL-6 concentrations were determined using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols and high-sensitivity, anti-cytokine antibody pairs. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The correlation between IL-6 and depressive symptoms was nonsignificant (r = .086, p = .40). The association between IL-6 and depressive symptoms was moderated by participation in moderate-intensity physical activity (p = .02). Among those who did not engage in moderate-intensity physical activity, higher levels of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher levels of IL-6 (r = .28, p = .05), whereas this association was not significant among those who did participate in moderate-intensity physical activity (r = -.13, p = .38). Participation in moderate-intensity physical activity may buffer the risk of higher inflammation often associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms.

CRF, MVPA, NEAT, PAEE, and Now Sedentary Time: Will the Pendulum Swing Back Again?

Scientific knowledge is constantly progressing— today faster than ever before—and physical activity epidemiology research is no exception. Over the last 30 years this research area has expanded its focus beyond vigorous-intensity structured exercise to also incorporate moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). As a consequence, the public health goal slowly shifted from improving cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) to include physical activity promotion. This change was due to the convincing evidence that a significant proportion of physical activity-related health benefits occur when inactive individuals modestly increase their activity levels, mostly through moderateintensity physical activity such as walking. Today, the scientific evidence for the beneficial effects of moderateintensity physical activity on morbidity and mortality is no longer questioned. For example, in a landmark article, Lee and colleagues convincingly showed that the “no pain, no gain” concept was passe for preventing coronary heart disease among women. 1

Moderate physical activity and breast cancer risk: the effect of menopausal status

It has been suggested that both moderate-and vigorous-intensity physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer. However, the effect of moderate-intensity physical activity on breast cancer risk has not been consistently evaluated by menopausal status and has not been evaluated in Mexican women. To evaluate the effect of moderate-intensity physical activity (h/week and MET-h/week) on the risk of breast cancer by menopausal status in Mexican women. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Mexico. One thousand incident cases and 1,074 matched controls to cases by 5 years of age, site and health institution participated in the study. Women provided information on health, diet and physical activity by means of an in-person interview. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were obtained from all women. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess this association. Participating in moderate-intensity physical activity decreased the risk of BC in both pre- and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.92.-0.99; OR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.86-0.93, respectively) for every 3 h per week of moderate-intensity physical activity. There was a statistically significant modification effect by menopausal status (p = 0.009). Strategies need to be identified that will engage women in physical activity programs.