Effects Of Mobile Phone Radiation Research Articles

Radiofrequency waves increase the brain levels of inflammatory biomarkers, neurotrophin and serotonin

The increase in mobile technology has raised concerns about the potential health effects of mobile phone radiation. The biological impact of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) waves emitted by electronic devices has been extensively studied and is a concern for the public, policymakers, and health researchers. The study aimed to examine the impact of 900 MHz radiofrequency waves on biomarkers such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, homocysteine, nerve growth factor, and serotonin in rats' serum and brain tissue. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20g) were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10): control (not exposed to RF), exposed I (2 hours per day), and exposed II (4 hours per day). The exposed groups were exposed to 900 MHz RFW for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that only the exposed group II significantly increased serum serotonin levels compared to the control group (P=0.0496). IL-1α, TNF-α, and nerve growth factor levels in brain tissue increased significantly in both exposed groups compared to the control group (P<0.0001). The control group had significantly lower levels of IL-1β compared to exposed groups I (P=0.0289) and II (P=0.0004). Additionally, serotonin and homocysteine levels in the brains of exposed II were significantly higher compared to the other groups (P<0.0001). The results showed disruptions in all biomarkers, indicating the potential impacts of daily exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves from mobile phones on brain function. This suggests that mobile phone radiation may affect brain function.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation Using Buccal Micronucleus Assay.

Mobile usage has increased worldwide over the past two decades. There are conflicting reports about the carcinogenic effects of cell phone radiation on the oral mucosa. Micronucleus (MN) is considered a reliable marker for genotoxic damage. This study aimed to identify the impact of mobile phone radiation on the MN frequency in oral mucosal cells. In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 mobile phone users between the age group of 20-38 years were included. Samples were obtained from the right and left cheek mucosa of each subject (a total 100 cell samples). Every participant filled out a questionnaire about his or her cell phone usage habits. Additionally, personal information such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The Feulgen and Papanicolaou staining methods were used for staining of the cell samples. A total of 1000 cells in each sample were evaluated for MNs. The mean number of MN in exposed and non-exposed mucosa by Feulgen method was 0.71±1.13 and 0.57±1.36, respectively. Also in Papanicolaou staining, the mean number of MN in the exposed mucosa and non-exposed mucosa was 6.94±6.61 and 6.54±6.88, respectively, but these differences were not significant (p> 0.05). The frequency of MN in non-specific DNA staining was significantly (5- to 6-fold) higher than DNA-specific staining. We observed no statically significant differences between MN frequency according to age, gender, BMI, and other cell phone usage habits (p> 0.05). This study showed that cell phone use does not cause genotoxic effects in the buccal mucosa in the oral cavity. Moreover, using non-specific DNA staining methods can increase the frequency of MN by more than 5- to 6-fold.

Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Neurobehaviour: Possible Mechanisms from Preclinical Studies

Excessive usage of gadgets Emitting Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), especially smartphones, by people of all age groups, and so forth chronic exposure to the radiation, were indeed sounding the alarm about a multitude of health risks. The nervous system was significantly affected, altering the brain and behavior of people and animals. Many preclinical experimental studies have been performed to uncover the pathways that lead to injury, but the results have been contradictory. A strategic search was conducted to identify studies published between 2011 and 2020, using electronic databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Based on predefined criteria, studies were identified for study and assessed individually. All of the included studies were assessed for the risk of bias, and no study was found to be free of bias. In preclinical research, heterogenicity was detected in the exposure settings (EMF-RF type, MW, pulsed, SAR value, and length of exposure) after a thorough assessment of the studies included. Exposure to mobile phone radiation can produce oxidative stress, which can lead to the activation of apoptotic and necrotic pathways if not reversed in time. The available scientific literature is insufficient to draw particular conclusions, but the possibility of harmful impacts cannot be ruled out, according to the authors. There is a great need to restrict extensive investigations and instead conduct a systematic and complete blinded study with significant reproducibility and long-term research. This review intended to explain the potential mechanisms and risks associated with mobile phone radiation exposure.

Quantification of Exposure Level in a Reverberation Chamber for a Large-Scale Animal Study

The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a long-term carcinogenic and toxicity study with small animals on the effects of mobile phone radiation at 900 MHz and 1900 MHz, respectively, and showed an increase in incidence of malignant schwannomas in the heart of male rats at very higher exposure levels. To verify and clarify the NTP study results, Japan and Korea are conducting a joint study using the same reverberation chamber type exposure system as in the NTP study. The purpose of this paper is to derive a quantitative relationship between the electric field strength in the reverberation chamber and the exposure level, i.e., the mean whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBA <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\_$</tex-math></inline-formula> SAR) of rats based on a large-scale finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. First, two FDTD simulation methods, one with a single plane wave incidence and the other with simultaneous plane wave incidence, were compared, and then the former method was adopted for convenience and saving calculation time. The derived quantitative relationship between the WBA <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\_$</tex-math></inline-formula> SAR and the electric field strength required to achieve the WBA <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\_$</tex-math></inline-formula> SAR consists of a one-dimensional approximation model which considers only the body mass of rats and a two-dimensional approximation model which considers not only the body mass but also the number of rats. The two approximation models cover the entire two-year exposure period, and the exposure level in the two-year long-term exposure experiment is being well controlled. Moreover, unlike dosimetry in the NTP study, an uncertainty analysis of numerical dosimetry was performed in more details, and the combined standard uncertainty in the WBA <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\_$</tex-math></inline-formula> SAR was found to be 16.1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> .

Effects of mobile phone radiation and noise pollution on serum levels of LDH, thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, cortisol, and reproductive system in male Wistar rats

The expansion of mobile phones and noise pollution in the human environment has given rise to dangerous outcomes. In this study, the effects of exposure to traffic noise and cell phone radiation on the serum levels of LDH, thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, cortisol, and reproductive system function and testicular histology of male rats have been analyzed. Male Wistar rats were exposed to mobile radiation (930 MHz) and noise pollution (100 dB, 700 to 5700 Hz). After eight weeks of exposure, serum levels of LDH, thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, cortisol, and male reproductive hormones were measured using the enzyme-linked fluorescence assay method. Testicular tissue was also examined by H&amp;E staining. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that prolonged exposure to cell phone radiation and noise pollution increased the LDH levels, reduced the T3, T4, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cortisol, testosterone, LH, FSH levels, and decreased the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusively, long term exposure to mobile phone radiation and noise pollution leads to increased LDH, decreased T3, T4 and SGPT level, and had destructive effects on testicular tissue leading to decreased serum testosterone level as well as decreased spermatogonia, spermatocyte and Sertoli cells count..

Ocular effects of mobile phone radiation

: To find out the adverse effects of prolonged mobile phone radiation on the users’ eyes. : A convenience sample of 200 adults visiting our out-patient’s services with 20/20 vision was randomly recruited for this study. The ipsilateral eye on the preferred side during talking was considered as the preferred side and the other as non-preferred side. All participants underwent Schirmer’s test (S1T), Tear film break-up time (TBUT), central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT) measurements for comparison on both the sides. The approximate cumulative duration of the talk time (hours/day) while keeping the phone over the ear was recorded.: The mean age of participants was 25.1+5.4 years and 124 (62%) preferred to use the right ear for telephonic conversations. The TBUT (19 + 2.7 vs. 20 + 3 seconds), Schirmer’s (21.5 + 2.8 vs. 22.6 + 2.5 mm), p &amp;#60;0.001 for both and CCT (527 + 20 vs. 530 + 19µ) (p= 0.005) were significantly lower in the preferred side. Multivariable linear regression showed that speaking on the phone for longer periods lead to slightly lower ipsilateral TBUT (0.31 seconds lower TBUT with every 1-hour increment in talk time, 95%CI= -0.67 to 0.03 seconds, p=0.07)but not Schirmer’s values.: Mobile phone use affects the tear fluid dynamics (TBUT and S1T) and the corneal thickness of the eye. Thus, any of the radiations or thermal effect or both from the mobile phones can affect the eye and its structures. Further studies are needed to address these consequences.

Amelioration of Cell Phone and Wi Fi induced Pancreatic Damage and Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Mellitus) with Pomegranate and Vit E in Rats

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has become a global concern. To date numerous studies have been conducted but little literature is available to explain the effects of mobile phone radiation on pancreas, where from Insulin is secreted. In Some studies, effects of ionizing radiation have been examined and established the relationship between cell phone exposure and cell damage.&#x0D; Objectives: Objectives of study were to observe the effects of mobile phones, connected with WiFi on the pancreas. &#x0D; Methods: 40 male Wistar Albino rats were exposed tomobile phones connected with Wi-Fi for eight weeks.&#x0D; Results: The histopathological examination of the rat pancreas revealed that, exposure of rats to cell phones and Wi-Fi causes significant damage to the rat pancreas.&#x0D; Conclusion: The ionizing radiation emitted from cell phones and WiFi causes increase in oxidative stress leading to inflammation and pancreatic cell death that may affect glucose homeostasis.

Methodology of Studying Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Organisms: Technical Aspects.

The negative influence of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on organisms, including humans, has been discussed widely in recent years. This paper deals with the methodology of examining possible harmful effects of mobile phone radiation, focusing on in vivo and in vitro laboratory methods of investigation and evaluation and their main problems and difficulties. Basic experimental parameters are summarized and discussed, and recent large studies are also mentioned. For the laboratory experiments, accurate setting and description of dosimetry are essential; therefore, we give recommendations for the technical parameters of the experiments, especially for a well-defined source of radiation by Software Defined Radio.

Protective Effect of QiOne® 2 Pro on Cultured Intestinal Epithelial Cells after Mobile Phone Radiation

QiOne® 2 Pro is a specific device which creates a static field that stimulates water molecules to undergo a transition into the coherent state. Since our body consists of about 70 to 85% of water (depending on age), this coherent state of the water molecules might increase the cellular resistance against exogenous reliabilities such as electromagnetic fields. In this study, the protective effect of QiOne® 2 Pro against mobile phone radiation was examined by using the cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Unprotected cells and untreated control cells served as point of reference. The cell regeneration process as well as the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier was investigated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance. Mobile phone radiation caused a reduced cell regenerative activity by approximately 60%, whereas the values were about 15% for QiOne® 2 Pro protected cells and untreated controls, respectively. Moreover, mobile phone radiation caused a rupture on the epithelial barrier in unprotected cells by cell death caused due to the oxidative stress with a complete loss of morphological integrity on the barrier. In contrast, untreated controls and QiOne® 2 Pro protected cells did not show any morphological change on the cell layers with an epithelial barrier of a 10-fold higher transepithelial electrical resistance than the unprotected cells. Overall the results clearly demonstrate the sensitivity of intestinal barrier against oxidative stress generated by mobile phone radiation. In addition, the results also show that the QiOne® 2 Pro device is able to reduce unwanted cellular effects of mobile phone radiation.

Effects of mobile phone radiation on buccal mucosal cells based on specific absorption rate: a cross sectional study

Background: The usage of mobile phone had been increased drastically which created a major health concern among the people about the radiation emitted from mobile phones. Hence this study was aimed to evaluate the Micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated oral mucosal cells in high and low mobile users based on Specific absorption rate (SAR) value.Methods: The total of 60 subjects were divided into two major groups: low SAR mobile phone users and high SAR mobile phone users. Further, Subjects who use mobile phone for more than 3 hours a week was considered as high talk time users and less than 3 hours a week was low talk time users. The buccal mucosa cells extracted by slightly scraping the oral cavity with a wooden spatula. For staining, Giemsa stain was used. Micronuclei were evaluated in 1000 cells per individual at the microscope.Results: The result show prolonged talk time may interfere with the development of micronuclei in individuals who use mobile phone for more than 3 hours per week rather than high SAR value showing a significant increase in frequency of micronuclei formation.Conclusions: The study showed mobile phone radiation had adverse effects on buccal mucosal cells.

Study of the effect of mobile phones on hearing

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The effect of mobile phone radiation on human health is the subject of recent interest and study as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. The present study was designed with an objective to study the effect of mobile phones on hearing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: This cross sectional study involved cases in the age group of 18 to 45 years attending the out-patient department of ENT at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti hospital, Meerut. A total of 85 patients (mobile phone users) were taken for the study October 2018 to July 2020. Subjects with usage of mobile phones (smart phones) for a minimum of 2 hours a day and a minimum of 1 year duration (with or without ear phones), normal healthy individuals with no systemic disease, normal tympanic membrane with no prior external, middle/inner ear disease or discharge or trauma and subjects with type a tympanogram (on tympanometry) were included in the study. Degree of deafness was graded according to WHO classification, 1980&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: Statistically significant p value was observed (&amp;lt;0.001) while comparing SNHL with hours of exposure and years of exposure. Statistically significant p value was observed (&amp;lt;0.05) while comparing hours of exposure with Tinnitus. Statistically insignificant p value was observed while comparing hours and years of exposure with other associated complaints; aural fullness, ear ache (otalgia) and warmth sensation in ear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: The present study shows an increase in the hearing threshold of the ear exposed to the prolonged use of mobile phones.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Human Health

The communications protocols used by mobile phones often result in low-frequency pulsing of the carrier signal and the biological significance of these modulations has been subject to debate. Mobile phone radiation causes heating in living tissues. This review aims to find other confounding factors and variables, if any, associated health hazard. To address the effect of cell phone radiations on the biochemical serum marker leptin and physical parameter BMI.

Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Human Health

The communications protocols used by mobile phones often result in low-frequency pulsing of the carrier signal and the biological significance of these modulations has been subject to debate. Mobile phone radiation causes heating in living tissues. This review aims to find other confounding factors and variables, if any, associated health hazard. To address the effect of cell phone radiations on the biochemical serum marker leptin and physical parameter BMI.

Biological Effects of Atmospheric Fields and Radiation

Our atmosphere is full of electromagnetic fields emitted from wireless communication transmitters. At the same time the bio-systems (including humans, animals &amp; birds and vegetation as well) are complex electrical systems. Naturally therefore, they are likely to have interaction and to be affected in some way or the other. Research into this field started with the knowledge about pleasing presence of negative charges and unpleasant presence of positive charges around us, concentrating effects of static or pulsating fields. Also came the explanation (and experimental verification) of Hindu mythological effects of geomagnetic fields coupled with solar activity. The effects of power line radiation and radiation from video game TV sets, microwave oven and other domestic instruments like electric blankets also figured in the research. At last the fastest emerging mobile telephony overpowered all others. Though the results of researches into possible harmful effects of mobile phone radiation and those of radiation from base station towers remain inconclusive partly because of influencing pressure from manufacturing and service providing companies, some of the researchers conclusively assert the harmfulness of the radiation at some level of field intensity present near the tower or the handset relating it to the specific absorption ratio (SAR) value. Recent increased observation of infertility among young couples is also attributed by some researchers to the effect of radiation from mobile kept in pantaloons pockets which becomes near their genitals affecting sperm or ovum. This review explains all these researches into bio-effects of electromagnetic fields and concludes that there is certainly some possible harmfulness of radiation above some level of intensity of fields.

Effect of mobile phone radiation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and contextual fear memory in Wistar rat.

In the present lifestyle, we are continuously exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated mainly by mobile phones (MP). Among other organs, our brain and hippocampus in specific, is the region where effect of any environmental perturbation is most pronounced. So, this study was aimed to examine changes in major parameters (oxidative stress, level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and contextual fear conditioning) which are linked to hippocampus directly or indirectly, upon exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field (MP-RF-EMF) radiation. Exposure was performed on young adult male Wistar rats for 16weeks continuously (2h/day) with MP-RF-EMF radiation having frequency, power density, and specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1966.1MHz, 4.0mW/cm2, and 0.36W/kg, respectively. Another set of animals kept in similar conditions without any radiation exposure serves as control. Towards the end of exposure period, animals were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, level of circulatory PICs, and stress hormones. We observed significant increase in hippocampal oxidative stress (p < 0.05) and elevated level of circulatory PICs viz. IL-1beta (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05), and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) in experimental animals upon exposure to MP-RF-EMF radiation. Adrenal gland weight (p < 0.001) and level of stress hormones viz. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (p < 0.01) and corticosterone (CORT) (p < 0.05) were also found to increase significantly in MP-RF-EMF radiation-exposed animals as compared with control. However, alteration in contextual fear memory was not significant enough. In conclusion, current study shows that chronic exposure to MP-RF-EMF radiation emitted from mobile phones may induce oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and HPA axis deregulation. However, changes in hippocampal functionality depend on the complex interplay of several opposing factors that got affected upon MP-RF-EMF exposure.

Effects of mobile phones electromagnetic radiation on patients with epilepsy: an EEG study

BackgroundRecently, an exceptional increase was witnessed in cell phone users. The brain has greater exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) created during mobile phone use than the rest of the body, which may impair its function. In persons with epilepsy, the brain has more tendencies towards electrical instability.ObjectivesThe current study aims at investigating the effect of mobile phone radiation (MPR) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of persons with epilepsy as well as healthy adults.Subjects and methodsThirty patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 30 matching controls underwent EEG recording including 15 min of sham exposure followed by 30 min of real exposure to MPR and a final post-exposure recording for extra 15 min. The number of abnormal EEG events was counted during sham and real exposure for each subject. Correlation analysis was done between the number of epileptic events detected during the real exposure to MPR and the patients’ clinical dataResultsIn the control group, the EEG under real MPR exposure showed no abnormal discharges. In persons with epilepsy, all those with abnormal EEG during sham exposure MPR (33%) showed an increase in the number of events with real exposure to MPR. One patient showed a change in the pattern of discharge from interictal changes to an ictal rhythm. Another patient with normal EEG during sham record developed temporal epileptiform discharges during real exposure.ConclusionMobile phone radiation shows recognizable effects on the brain rhythm of persons with epilepsy. These results should be confirmed by future studies to establish a recommendation addressing the use of such devices in epileptic patients.

The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Cochlear Stria Marginal Cells in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

To investigate the possible mechanisms for biological effects of 1,800 MHz mobile radiofrequency radiation (RFR), the radiation‐specific absorption rate was applied at 2 and 4 W/kg, and the exposure mode was 5 min on and 10 min off (conversation mode). Exposure time was 24 h short‐term exposure. Following exposure, to detect cell DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the Comet assay test, flow cytometry, DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining, and a fluorescent probe were used, respectively. Our experiments revealed that mobile phone RFR did not cause DNA damage in marginal cells, and the rate of cell apoptosis did not increase (P > 0.05). However, the production of ROS in the 4 W/kg exposure group was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that mobile phone energy was insufficient to cause cell DNA damage and cell apoptosis following short‐term exposure, but the cumulative effect of mobile phone radiation still requires further confirmation. Activation of the ROS system plays a significant role in the biological effects of RFR. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The toxic effect of mobile phone radiation on rabbit organs

Whether electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from mobile phones is hazardous to human health is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on critical organs in a rabbit model by exposing the animals to mobile phone radiation with sub-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.0 and 0.7 W/kg for the head and the body, respectively, for 16 weeks (6 h/day, 6 days/week). There is no apparent change at the organ level. However, H&E staining showed that radiation-exposure significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and the lungs with a lesser degree of myocardial cell cytoplasmic vacuolation. In addition, results from γ-H2AX staining suggest that radiation can also cause DNA damage in the brain. Of note, no apparent activation of Caspase-3 in the organs examined. Our data altogether suggest that mobile phone radiation may be more hazardous to both the liver and the lungs, and less toxic to the brain and heart.

Casein fortified diet reversed the diabetes like changes induced by 4G connected mobile phone radiation in mice

Aim: Mobile phone usage is increasing day by day and has become an indispensable part of our life. However, people are constantly being exposed to the harmful electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones and the remedy for the same is yet indiscernible. In our current report, we have investigated the role of a high casein diet (HCD) in ameliorating the pancreatic and hepatotoxic effects of mobile phone radiation. Materials and Methods: Mice (n=24) were divided into four groups and maintained as control groups (Gr-A: normal diet; Gr-D: HCD) and mobile phone radiation (SAR value: 1.5 W/ kg at 1g body wt.) exposed groups, irradiated for 3 hours/ day for 90 days (Gr-B: normal diet; Gr-C: HCD). The normal diet contained 5% casein while HCD contained 20% casein. After the tenure of radiation exposure terminates, animals were sacrificed; the pancreatic, hepatic tissues, and blood were collected for the histology and serum isolation respectively. Periodic acid- Schiff staining was performed to assess the glycogen content of hepatic tissue and hematoxylin-eosin staining for general histological analysis. The serum was used to estimate the fasting glucose level. Observations: Increased fasting serum glucose level and shrunken pancreatic islets on radiation exposure may indicate the diabetes progression. Loss of glycogen storage capacity by the liver was observed in radiation exposed group which are suggestive of compromised hepatic functions. Histo-architectural analysis of the liver revealed severely distorted hepatic cells with prominent occurrences of karyorrhexis and karyolysis, irregular and enlarged sinusoidal spaces upon radiation exposure. HCD countermanded these abnormal manifestations of the electromagnetic radiation to a considerable extent. Inference: Thus, electromagnetic radiation from the mobile phone may be responsible for the impairment of glucose metabolism and thereby enhancing the progression of diabetes in mice. In contrast, HCD was prudent in combating these degenerative alterations of mobile phone radiation.

Appraisal of immediate and late effects of mobile phone radiations at 2100MHz on mitotic activity and DNA integrity in root meristems of Allium cepa.

The present study evaluated the potential of 2100MHz radiofrequency radiations to act as cytotoxic and genotoxic agent. Fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) roots were exposed to electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) for different durations (1h and 4h) and evaluated for mitotic index (MI), phase index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage. DNA damage was investigated with the help of the comet assay by assessing various parameters like % head DNA (HDNA), % tail DNA (TDNA), tail moment (TM), and olive tail moment (OTM). Effects of EMF-r exposure were also compared with that of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 90μM), which acted as a positive control. The post-exposure effects of EMF-r after providing the test plants with an acclimatization period of 24h were also evaluated. Compared to the control, a significant increase in the MI and aberration percentage was recorded upon 4h of exposure. However, no specific trend of phase index in response to exposure was detected. EMF-r exposure incited DNA damage with a significant decrease in HDNA accompanied by an increase in TDNA upon exposure of 4h. However, TM and OTM did not change significantly upon exposure as compared to that of control. Analysis of the post-exposure effects of EMF-r did not show any significant change/recovery. Our data, thus, suggest the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic nature of 2100MHz EMF-r. Our study bears great significance in view of the swiftly emergent EMF-r in the surrounding environment and their potential for inciting aberrations at the chromosomal level, thus posing a genetic hazard.