Effect Of Mineral Nutrition Research Articles

Pistil development in Cleome flowers I. Effects of mineral nutrition and of the presence of leaves and fruits on female abortion in Cleome spinosa Jacq.

Summary Pistil development in flower buds of Cleome spinosa Jacq. is stimulated by mineral nutrition and by the presence of mature leaves. Young developing fruits at the inflorescence inhibit pistil development in the flower buds on top. The inhibition coincides with and is partially preceded by a sharp rise in the IAA content of the seeds, which probably affects pistil growth by inducing a competing growth of the fruits. Gibberellins, accumulating towards fruit maturation, play no appreciable role in the effect of fruits on pistil development.

The effect of various levels of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus on oxidation reduction potentials in barley

The effect of nutrient solutions with certain essential elements lacking, on oxidation reduction potential (RP) of the first leaf was examined in two cultivars of barley seedlings NO3 − and K+ decreasedRP considerably, PO 3−4 did not. The effect of NO3 − and K+ was dependent. on the illuminance. Under glasshouse conditions, the increased level of NO3 − and K+ did not cause any change ofRP. In field conditions, the increased supply of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a lowerRP in leaves at ear emergence and a higher yield. The use ofRP measurement in leaves for the estimation of the effect of mineral nutrition on plants is discussed.

Wirkung der Mineralstoffernährung auf die Feinstruktur der Pflanzenzelle (Sammelreferat)

The effect of mineral nutrition on the fine structure of plant cells. A review.

Effects of mineral nutrition on tillering of rice

Abstract Studies on tillering of the rice plant show that a tiller primordium is always present at each node of the culm (10). Whether the primordllun develops into a tiller depends on such factors as the nutritional status of the plant, the supply of carbohydrates, and the light and temperature conditions (2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,17).

Effect of Mineral Nutrition on Chemical Composition and Early Reproductive Development of Virginia Type Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

AbstractTwo nutrient solution studies, one involving levels of N, P, and S and the other involving levels of Ca, Mg, and K were conducted to determine the effect of mineral nutrition on the chemical composition and early reproductive development of a Virginia type peanut plant. None of the treatments significantly hastened time until flowering. Total flowers per plant were increased by increasing the N and Mg levels. Flowers per day per plant were affected similarly by the N treatments. Total pegs per plant were greatest with the medium P and low Ca treatments.In order to determine whether present fertilization practices have been producing the nutrient concentrations in peanut plants that would result in the maximum rate of early reproductive development, nutrient concentrations in the plants which produced the maximum early flowering and peg development in the greenhouse were compared with those of field‐grown Virginia type peanut plants at a comparable stage of growth. The N and Ca concentrations in the peanut plants that had produced the maximum early reproductive development in the greenhouse were considerably lower than those of the field‐grown peanut plants, while the P and Mg concentrations were higher than those found in the field‐grown peanut plants.

Die phenolischen Verbindungen und die Lignifikation im Xylem der Apfelbaumtriebe im Zusammenhang mit der Mineralstoffernährung

The paper deals with the effect of mineral nutrition on the content of free flavonoid glycosides (phloridzin, hyperine) free and bound C6−C1 aldehydes (vanillin, syringic aldehyde) in the woody parts of apple shoots of the variety ‘Antonovka’ and on the content of products oxidized by nitrobenzene (vanillin, syringic aldehyde) in connection with the lignification of cell walls. It was established that the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds is retarded under the influenco of nitrogenous fertilizer while the biosynthesis of proteins is activated, intensifying growth. Contrary to nitric fertilizer, phosphoric with potassic fertilizers promote formation of phenolic compounds and suppress protein synthesis and growth; at the same time phenylalanine is included in the biosynthesis of lignin, but not in the biosynthesis of proteins. Předložená práce se zabývá vlivem minerální výživy na obsahvolných flavonoidních glykosidů (floridzin, hyperin), volných a vázaných C6−C1 aldehydů (vanilin, aldehyd syringový) v dřevnatých částech výhonů jabloně odrůdy „Antonovka” a na obsah produktů oxydovaných nitrobenzenem (vanilin, syringový aldehyd) ve vztahu k lignifikaci buněčných stěn. Bylo zjištěno, že vlivem dusíkatých hnojiv je zpomalena biosyntéza fenolových sloučenin, zatímco biosyntéza bílkovin je aktivována a zintenzivněn růst rostlin. V protikladu kúčinkům dusíkatých hnojiv, fosforečná a draselná hnojiva stimulují tvorbu fenolových sloučenin a potlačují růst a syntézu bílkovin; při tom fenylalanin se účastní v biosyntéze ligninu, nikoliv však v proteosyntéze.

The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy in Pteridium

The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy was studied because earlier investigators proposed that low mineral levels induced apogamy. The weight of the gametophytic tissue and the number of apogamous plants per culture and per gram of gametophytic tissue were determined in relation to variations in the levels of mineral elements. The apogamous response was promoted only by high concentrations of phosphorus, and an increase in the gametophytic weight was produced by high levels of potassium. The omission of any of the elements from the nutrient medium inhibited apogamy and, except calcium, reduced the gametophytic weight.

Effect of mineral nutrition on the fusarium brown foot-rot of wheat

Whether nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium, increased or decreased the brown foot-rot disease of wheat (var. Jufy I) depended on the age of the plants and the nutrient balance. This explained the inconsistencies in the literature regarding these nutrient effects. A manural treatment combining a high level of nitrogen with a low level of phosphorus and a high one of potassium most effectively reduced the disease in greenhouse experiments.

Effect of mineral nutrition on metabolic change induced in crop plant roots (V)

Abstract In the previous work concerning the effect of potassium nutrition on glycolysis in sweet potato roots (1), monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) and sodium fluoride (NaF) inhibited more strongly respiration in younger roots and root tip parts, and yet a potassium deficiency enhanced its inhibition. The inhibition of MIA, which inhibits triose phosphate dehydrogenase (2), may indicate the importance of the EMP pathway and the Krebs cycle (3,4). The inhibition of NaF, which in higher concentrations inhibits enolase (2), may suggest the importance of the metabolism following phosphoglycerate → phosphoenolpyruvate or the Krebs cycle (3,4). It is of interest, therefore, to elucidate the role of the Krebs cycle in respiration in sweet potato roots, and what significance potassium nutrition has in the Krebs cycle operation. This paper deals with experiments bearing on respiration in roots of sweet potato plants grown at varying degrees of potassium application, especially in the presence of various inhibitors and /...

Effect of mineral nutrition on metabolic change induced in crop plant roots (iv)

Recent developments in enzyme chemistry are establishing the significance of potassium as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the respiratory system, especially pyruvic kinase (1–3), or the organic acid metabolism, for example aconitase (4). However, the available literature on the glycolytic system of crop plant roots in relation to potassium nutrition is limited at present. Based on the previous works with bleeding sap (5,6) and excised roots (7) from taro plants, this work was undertaken to gain some information concerning the effect of potassium nutrition on glycolysis in plant roots, especially in view of inhibitory effects of monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) or sodium fluoride (NaF). Another object was to ascertain whether the excised roots used were profitable materials for investigation sin to the effect of potassium nutrition on the metabolic status of crop plant roots.

Effect of mineral nutrition on metabolic change induced in crop plant roots (III)

Abstract The previous work (1) with the bleeding sap from taro plants grown in soil culture showed that the diurnal periodicity in exudation process with the roots was not affected by the growth stage, nutirtion, temperature,, or light regime, although the amplitude and the period were altered by potassium deficiency. In the light of recent results in extensive studies on the exudation process in bleeding roots (2,3,4), one of the outstanding problems which remain to be clarified will be the effect of potassium deficiency on the periodicity in the exudation with plant roots. In this work, therefore, the effect of potassium deficiency on the diurnal periodicity in amino-N content of bleeding sap was examined with taro plants grown in solution culture at varying ammonium sulphate application.

Effects of Mineral Nutrition on High Temperature Induced Growth Retardation of Kentucky Bluegrass1

SynopsisTurf grown on low N was more resistant to high temperatures than that on high N. Neither P nor K affected this resistance. High levels of N and P gave less‐resistant plants than high N and low P. The reverse was true with N and K.

Factors Limiting Plant Growth on High-Level Blanket Peat III. An Analysis of Growth of Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench. in the Second Year

caerulea and Dactylis glomerata on peat. Two different climatic environments were employed in an attempt to separate the relative effects of mineral nutrition and climate. The Moor House National Nature Reserve (1850 ft, 564 m O.D.) is the main centre of study; growth there, onhigh-level blanket peat, was compared with growth of material from the same stock at sea level on a raised bog type of peat at Deer Dike Moss in north Lancashire. Results, already reported, of the first year's growth of Molinia showed no significant effects of treatment with nitrogen and phosphate, either singly or in combination although there were marked differences of yield between the two places. In Dactylis at Moor House there was a significant increase in dry weight with nitrogen but not with phosphate and there was no interaction in the combined treatment. At Deer Dike Moss there was no growth response to nitrogen but phosphate promoted extra growth and the combined treatment gave a strong positive interaction. The choice of Molinia in this experiment was mainly because of the robust nature of this species in which new growth is more easily distinguished and separated than in many other moorland species. This paper is concerned with the analysis of the continued growth of Molinia only, in the second year. From the general observation it was not considered possible to obtain a satisfactory measure of the growth pattern from seed or from cuttings in the first year after planting on the nearly undisturbed peat at Moor House. Growth from seed in one season is inadequate for measurement, while cuttings may give unreliable results during the first year. It is for these reasons that analysis on the growth of Molinia has been continued into the second season. Dactylis was found less suitable for study in the second year partly by reason of its diffuse growth habit and partly because of wide variability in yield. The climate at Moor House is severe and is generally similar to that found in southern Iceland (Manley 1936). On the other hand at Deer Dike Moss the climate is subject to the relatively mild maritime conditions of Morecambe Bay. From the climatological data available it is clear that the mean annual temperature relationship between Moor House and Deer Dike Moss is similar to that given by Pearsall (1950) between a hypothetical station at 2000 ft (610 m) O.D. in north Britain and Fort William, Inverness-shire at 27 ft (8 m) O.D.

Effect Of Mineral Nutrition on Metabolic Change Induced in Crop Plant Roots (I)

Abstract Attempts have long been made to study the effect of mineral nutrition on the metabolic substances in excised roots from a numcer of plant species, but very little attention has teen given to an approach to the problem by using the bleeding sap from crop plants. Recently, however, an increasing number of reports about the occurrence of organic substances in bleeding sap from crop plants has completely revised an old view that xylem sap was essentially a rather dilute aqueous solution of inorganic salts. Evidence has already been obtained which suggests a significant role for the root system as a centre of metabolism and an upward transport of metabolites from the root via the xylem to the leaf. Although analyses of the nitrogenous compounds present in bleeding sap from herbaceous plants have shown glutamine and asparagine to be the most important constituents, in some species of plants nitrate nitrogen may be a predominant nitrogenous compound. Besides ami des and nitrate, the presence of amino ac...

Effect of mineral nutrition on contents of organic constituents in taro plants during growth

Abstract The study on the metabolism of organic constituents in the intact plant is not only of theoretical interest but also of practical importance to agriculture because it is intimately bound up with nutritional problems in connection with growing crops in the soil.

Effect of mineral nutrition on contents of organic constituents in sweet potato plants during growth

Abstract Although chinese yam plants are an important crop in Japan, relatively little is known about their content of the organic constituents. IZAWA and NATAKE (1,2,3) showed some aspects of the effect of the fertilizer treatment on the organic composition of chinese yam plants at various phase of their vegetation. Many reports on chinese yam plants have appeared; nevertheless, the nature of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism has remained unknown. However, there are a number of excellent reports (4, 5, 6) which directly or indirectly have a bearing on these biochemical phase in sweet Potato plants. Therefore, the objectives of the Present study were twofold : a) to determine the contents of sugars, starch, alcohol-insoluble solids, and various nitrogen constituents in sweet potato plants during growth as affected by mineral nutrition, and b) to compare the effect of mineral nutrition on sweet potato plants with its effect on chinese yam plants.

The Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Content of free Amino Acids and Amides in Tomato Plants II. A Study of the Effect of Molybdenum Nutrition

Tomato plants which had been cultured in the absence of molybdenum were provided with molybdate, and the consequent changes in the relative amounts of the free amino acids and amides were followed over an experimental period of 4 days. The technique of quantitative paper chromatography was used to estimate the individual free amino acids and amides, and the results are .expressed on a dry weight basis.

The Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Content of Free Amino Acids and Amides in Tomato Plants I A Comparison of the Effects of Deficiencies of Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, and Molybdenum

The lovel and the qllHnj~itat,jve compositien of the free amino acid fraction of tomato plants grown in full nutrient and in cultures doficiollt ill zinc, copper, nlallganeso, iron. and molybdenum have beon cletormiuecl. 'I'he methods used in the investigation inelude the quantitative estimation of amino aeids by a technique involving paper chromatogl'l1phy, and the cultm'o of tomato plants in highly purified n utriollt solutions.

Effect of mineral nutrition on lodging of cereals

In the course of an investigation into the effect of nitrogenous fertilisers on the growth and yield of cereal crops, it was observed that lodging is often the limiting factor in attaining maximal yields by increased nitrogen supply. This is particularly the case under the humid conditions prevailing in the Netherlands during the greater part of the growing season of the cereals. Although for the production of high grain yields some bending over of the ripe plants is desirable, severe lodging both from the point of view of grain formation and of harvesting is unprofitable. In order to learn the circumstances under which lodging occurs, a number of field and pot experiments with rye, wheat, barley and oats have been carried out from 1940 to 1949. In most of the field experiments nitrogen dressings have been combined with applications of other nutrients and with variations in rate of seeding and in spacing. Although many papers have dealt with the problem of lodging, there is considerable disagreement amongst various authors as to its cause. The first investigators who studied this phenomenon came to the conclusion

The Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Expression of Potato Leaf Roll Virus Symptoms

AbstractSome mineral deficiency symptoms and those of the leaf roll virus have frequently been confused. The similarity between mineral deficiencies and leaf roll symptoms suggests that the effect of the virus might be influenced by the nutrition of its host. A study of certain mineral relationships between healthy and diseased leaf roll plants in the Chippewa variety was therefore undertaken.In greenhouse and field experiments it was found that phosphorus deficiency produced symptoms ranging from slight to severe rolling of the leaves and from light to heavy pigment formation as the amount of phosphorus decreased. Symptoms of extreme phosphorus deficiency in non‐virus plants were similar to those produced by the virus except that more pigmentation occurred in the phosphorus deficiency symptoms. Severe nitrogen and slight phosphorus deficiencies caused only a moderate increase in the intensity of leaf roll symptoms while calcium, potassium, magnesium and sulfur had little or no effect. Leaf roll symptoms tended to be masked with adequate balanced nutrition.Analyses of leaf tissues taken from plants grown in the greenhouse and field showed in general that phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium contents were appreciably reduced in plants having leaf roll. The nitrogen and potassium contents apparently were not influenced by the virus.Dry weights of diseased plants were generally less than those of non‐virus plants. The results indicate that this might have been caused by the virus interfering with the uptake of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium.