Effect Of Methanolic Leaf Extract Research Articles

Methanol leaf extract of Simarouba glauca induced dyslipidemia-linked cardiovascular disease indicators and its effect on antioxidant proteins

The study focused on the effect of methanol leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (MESG) on lipoproteins cholesterols and oxidative stress biomarkers in male Wistar rat. Toxicological inquest of MESG was evaluated as prescribed in the guidelines of organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), No. 425. A total of twenty-four male Wistar rats were used; divided into four groups of six rats each, including the control. Test rats were given MESG 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight respectively, daily for thirty (30) days. At the end of the study, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Results showed marked increase (p ˂ 0.05) in Total Cholesterol at MESG 2000 mg/kg; a reduction and increase (p ˂ 0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglycerides respectively, at all doses; an increase (p ˂ 0.05) in Low- Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol at MESG 2000 mg/kg. Additional data indicated no changes (p ˃ 0.05) in Malondialdehyde levels; liver Catalase was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 500 and 2000 mg/kg, kidney CAT was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at all doses. The liver Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 1000 and 2000 mg/kg; the kidney and heart SOD were also significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 500 and 2000 mg/kg respectively. The plasma GSH-PX was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 1000 mg/kg; while the liver and heart GSH-PX were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed and repressed at 500 mg/kg respectively. Conclusively, MESG elicited obvious dyslipidemia; accompanied by marked alterations in selected endogenous oxidative stress biomarkers.

Mitigating effects of methanolic leaf extract of Duranta erecta against X-ray induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats

Carcinogenic effects and other harmful effects associated with low dose-rate and low dose radiation have recently been reported. Therefore, it is important to identify effective and safe radioprotectors or radiation mitigators that can counter the effects of ionizing radiation damage. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the mitigating potential of methanolic leaves extract of Duranta erecta (DE) against acute whole-body X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. Rats in groups B, C and D, were exposed to double X-rays radiation at a source to skin distance (SSD) of 70 cm to deliver a total radiation dose of 18.4mGy at the rate of 9.2mGy/exposure using 100kVp and 30mAs exposure factors and quality factor of the X-ray machine (P) of 15. Rats in group A (control) were neither irradiated nor administered with DE extract. In contrast, group B rats were irradiated but not treated. DE extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was administered to groups C and D rats for 15 consecutive days. On post-irradiation days 1, 7, 14 and 21, the antioxidant status of the rats was evaluated and compared with control. Parameters assessed were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Mean serum levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and MDA in the irradiated and treated groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from the un-irradiated control group. In conclusion, methanolic extract of DE mitigated against radiation-induced decline in serum GSH, SOD, CAT, and radiation-induced MDA elevation. Results obtained indicated that methanolic extract of DE can be used potentially as a natural radiation mitigating agent.

Gastroprotective effects of Methanol leaf extract of Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) and honey on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in albino rat: The concept of combination therapy

Gastroprotective effects of Methanol leaf extract of Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) and honey on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in albino rat: The concept of combination therapy

Methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis protected against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in Wistar rats

BackgroundHigh-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that medicinal plants have antioxidant properties and may have protective effects against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia induced by high-fat diet. Chrysophyllum albidum (white star apple) and Irvingia gabonensis (African bush mango) are very useful medicinal plants common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats promoted by the consumption of HFD as well as characterize active compounds in the extracts. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups of six animals each and respective groups received normal fat diet (NFD), HFD, HFD + Chrysophyllum albidum (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg), HFD + Irvingia gabonensis (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg) for fifty six days. Dietary intake, body weight, lipid profile and indicators of oxidative stress were measured.ResultsAdministration of plant extracts did not change the pattern of food intake of the animals. There was a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of increase in the body weight of rats treated with plant extracts in comparison with those rats that consumed HFD only. There was significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations in rats fed with HFD only when compared with NFD control and extract treated groups. However, HFD control produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase than normal control and extract treated groups. Gas chromatography flame ionization detector analysis of these extracts revealed the abundance of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, myricetin and naringenin and tannic acid.ConclusionsThe observed antioxidant and anti-dyslipidaemic properties of leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and tannic acid.

Methanolic Leaf Extract of Dryopteris dilatata Reverses Kidney Injury on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Background: Hyperglycemia when sustained leads to diabetes which has become a chronic disorder having morbidity and mortality rate. This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Dryoptersis dilatata (MEDd) on kidney injury caused on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg); Group 2 received STZ (60 mg/kg) only, Groups 3 and 4 received STZ followed by 400 and 800 mg/kg of MEDd, respectively, while Group 5 received STZ + Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). After 2 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood, spleen, liver, pancreas, and kidney were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that MEDd extract caused a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde nitric oxide, and glutathione superoxide were ameliorated in organs such as the kidney and pancreas in diabetic rats after treatment with MEDd. Kidney markers (urea and creatinine) were ameliorated as well as reduction in organ weights in diabetic rats following treatment with MEDd. Conclusion: Therefore, it was observed from our study that MEDd has antidiabetic and nephron-protective capacity as it ameliorates in vivo adopted in lieu of nephropancreatic caused by STZ-induced diabetes.

Involvement of monoaminergic systems / pathways in the mechanism of action of the antidepressant effect of Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) decne methanol leaf extract

Depression is a mental disorder that is highly prevalent in many parts of the globe and a source of burden to patients and their families. Existing treatments for depression are far from satisfactory because many patients with depression do not respond effectively and have significant adverse effects on standard antidepressant drugs. It is vital to develop novel antidepressant from medicinal plants, which are considered a good source of drugs with fewer adverse effects. An earlier study has established the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata. However, no scientific data on its involvement in the monoaminergic mechanism of action. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant potential of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata. The acute toxicity studies of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata (MELH) was determined using Lorke's Method. The antidepressant effect of the MELH was evaluated using the Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Open Field Test (OFT) for psychostimulant effect. The possible mechanism of antidepressant actions of the MELH was also investigated by intraperitoneal pre-treatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioidergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists. The intraperitonial (i.p.) median lethal dose (LD50) values were estimated to be &gt;5000 mg/kg. Administration of standard drug, Imipramine (10 mg/kg) and MELH (250, 500, and1000 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.01) and dose-dependently decreased the duration of immobility time. However, the anti-immobility effect of the MELH was significantly (p&lt;0.05) reversed by prazosin, cyproheptadine and naloxone, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, serotonergic and opioidergic pathways. However, no significant interactions with dopaminergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists were observed. This study concluded that the observed antidepressant effect in MELH is likely mediated through their interactions with adrenergic, serotonergic and opioidergic systems.

Effects of methanolic leaf extracts of &lt;em&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Alchonnea cordifolia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Secamone afzelii&lt;/em&gt; in Doxorubicin-induced hypertensive nephropathy in pregnant Wistar rats

This study assessed the Effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas, Alchonnea cordifolia, Secamone afzelii in Doxorubicin-induced hypertensive nephropathy in pregnant Wistar rats. Plant samples (leaves) were washed severally with distilled water, air-dried, and crushed to powder and were filtered, then soaked in 200mL of methanol for 12 hours. The LD50 was determined to ascertain the safety of the plant extracts for use. Female Wistar rats, aged 3 days apart, used in the study, were acclimatized for one week. Doxorubicin nephropathy was induced with 3.5mg dose intravenously through the caudal vein. Urea levels were found to have increased significantly in the third trimester (9.3 mmol/L) in the hypertensive nephropathic group. Hypertensive nephropathy also caused an increase in plasma Creatinine levels (333.64 μmol/L) and (172.73 μmol/L) in the third trimester and postpartum, respectively. The administration of plant extracts resulted in a significant decrease in urine creatinine (845.45–481.82 μmol/L) and a significant increase in Protein- Creatinine Ratio (PCR, 3.0–7.3 mg/dL) in the nephropathic group, but a contrary report in the post-partum group, with significant increases in micro-protein (17.1–21.9 mg/dL). Plasma urea and plasma creatinine had a significant relationship in the third trimester (r=0.853 and 0.810, p=0.01). Plasma urea, on the other hand, had no significant association with plasma creatinine throughout the postpartum period. This study’s findings suggested that Jatropha curcas, Alchonnea cordifolia, and Secamone afzelii extracts could be useful in the treatment of chronic renal disease.

Potential effect of methanol leaf extracts from three Podocarpus species on experimental cryptosporidiosis.

Cryptosporidiosis causes diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, with acute manifestations occurring particularly in children and the elderly. Up till now, there is no curative therapy for cryptosporidiosis, so discovery of new classes of drugs are of great importance. This study aimed to examine the effect of methanol leaves extracts of the three Podocarpus species; P. macrophyllus (Thunb.), P. gracilior (Pilg.) and P. elongatus (Aiton) L' Hér. ex Pers and their combination on Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) in experimentally infected mice in comparison with the commercially used drug, Nitazoxanide. As well as spectrophotometric estimation of the total phenolic and flavonoid content of these extracts was done. Results revealed that treatment with these three Podocarpus extracts and their combination showed a significant reduction of the number of C. parvum oocyst shed in the stool of infected mice compared to infected control group and Nitazoxanide- infected treated group at P < 0.001. The combination of the three Podocarpus extracts was the most effective treatment showing the lowest number of oocysts shedding in comparison with other used extracts and Nitazoxanide. Histopathological inspection of sections from ilium and colon displayed signs of improvement after treatment with P. macrophyllus and P. gracilior extracts and more remarkable improvement when the three extracts were combined. It was concluded that the three Podocarpus species extracts used in this study had a promising anti-Cryptosporidium activity especially when they were combined.

Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.

WITHDRAWN: In vitro anti-haemolytic and in vivo anti-haemorrhagic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens against Bitis arietans venom

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal .

Effects of Methanol Leaf Extract of Aristolochia bracteolata on Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats

Effects of Methanol Leaf Extract of Aristolochia bracteolata on Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats

In vitro immobilizing and spermicidal effects of methanol leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) on caprine spermatozoa

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of methanol leaf extract of E. hirta (MLEEH) on the motility, viability and morphology of caprine spermatozoa.&#x0D; Methods: The effect of MLEEH treatment (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg per mL) on caprine sperm percentage total and progressive motility, viability and total abnormalities were evaluated at 1, 5 and 10 min post-treatment. Sperm revival test was used to evaluate the reversibility of sperm incapacitation following MLEEH treatment.&#x0D; Results: There were significant interactions (p &lt; 0.001) between the effects of MLEEH concentration and the duration of treatment on sperm total motility, progressive motility and viability. Increase in MLEEH concentration and the duration of treatment caused significant decreases (p &lt; 0.05) in sperm total motility, progressive motility and viability, whereas sperm morphology was not altered. Washing and supplementation of MLEEH-treated sperm failed to revive sperm motility.&#x0D; Conclusion: E. hirta treatment causes concentration-dependent and time-dependent decreases in total and progressive sperm motility and sperm viability, as well as irreversible immobilization of spermatozoa. These findings suggest possible adverse effects of E. hirta on the fertility of males. Thus, the extract can be potentially developed as an antifertility or contraceptive agent.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Combretum indicum in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background Combretum indicum (locally known as Basantilata) is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Combretaceae. Extracts collected from leaves of this plant have activities including antibacterial, antipyretic, and antidiarrheal activities.Objective This study was designed to evaluate the crude methanolic leaf extract of C. indicum (MLCI) to evaluate its activities in hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic rats.Materials and methods In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of the extract were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models following the standard protocol established earlier. The rats were randomly divided into groups I–V as normal control, diabetic control, metformin, MLCI 250 mg/kg, and MLCI 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively.Results and conclusion The in-vivo studies indicated concentration-dependent and significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) reductions of elevated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the treatment groups compared with diabetes-induced control group. Simultaneously, a significant (P<0.001) rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was also observed in the study. The results revealed the advantageous roles of the MLCI in the management of diabetes mellitus.

In vivo anti platelet activity of methanolic leaf extract of Terminalia chebula in experimental animals

The present research work investigates the effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Terminalia chebula in vivo by using wester albino rats. The acute oral toxicity of methanolic leaf extracts of the Terminalia chebula was studied by Lorke method. Lethal dose (LD 50) of the plant extract was entrenched and experimental rats were divided into 4 groups and then rats were administered with various concentration of leaf methanolic extracts (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) respectively. To analyze the hematological parameters, blood was withdrawn from the retro orbital puncture. The LD50 was calculated at 547.72 mg/kg. There was no significant change in hematological parameters (p>0.05) were observed when group I compared with group II which was administered with the dose of 50 mg/kg methanolic leaf extracts of the Terminalia chebula. While group III of which received100 mg/kg of plant methanolic leaf extract of Terminalia chebula showed significance (p

Ficus vogelii methanol leaf extract ameliorates inflammation and arthritis by modulating osmotic fragility in C57BL/6J mice

The study evaluated the membrane-stabilizing potentials in red blood cells and anti-inflammatory properties in C57BL/6J mice of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii. Animals were treated orally with different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 30 days and their blood was measured for membrane stability at different saline concentrations. Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg) or Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard in the anti-inflammatory studies. The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) values and their corresponding percentage stabilization increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Treatment of mice with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. The highest dose (200 mg/kg) showed lower anti-inflammatory activity compared to Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg). Daily administration of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) suppressed adjuvant-induced paw arthritis by day 15 and 30 post arthritis induction. Ficus vogelii extract inhibited granuloma formation significantly. The anti-inflammatory effects of methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii on granuloma formation were comparable to that of Indomethacin (10 mg/kg). In summary, this study showed that the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii possessed membrane-stabilizing potentials and anti-inflammatory properties, therefore, providing further proof that the leaves contain an active compound with potent anti-inflammatory activity

Ficus vogelii methanol leaf extract ameliorates inflammation and arthritis by modulating osmotic fragility in C57BL/6J mice.

The study evaluated the membrane-stabilizing potentials in red blood cells and anti-inflammatory properties in C57BL/6J mice of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii. Animals were treated orally with different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 30 days and their blood was measured for membrane stability at different saline concentrations. Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg) or Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard in the anti-inflammatory studies. The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) values and their corresponding percentage stabilization increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Treatment of mice with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. The highest dose (200 mg/kg) showed lower anti-inflammatory activity compared to Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg). Daily administration of the extract significantly (p≤0.05) suppressed adjuvant-induced paw arthritis by day 15 and 30 post arthritis induction. Ficus vogelii extract inhibited granuloma formation significantly. The anti-inflammatory effects of methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii on granuloma formation were comparable to that of Indomethacin (10 mg/kg). In summary, this study showed that the methanol leaf extract of Ficus vogelii possessed membrane-stabilizing potentials and anti-inflammatory properties, therefore, providing further proof that the leaves contain an active compound with potent anti-inflammatory activity.

Comparative effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid on haematological and histopathological changes induced by subchronic lead toxicity in male wistar rats

This work was aimed at comparing the effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) and ascorbic acid (AA) on haematological changes induced by subchronic lead (Pb) toxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 6 rats per group. Group I received distilled water (2 mL/kg) whereas, groups II, III, IV, V and VI were administered Pb (190 mg/kg), Pb+AA (100 mg/kg), Pb+MLEMO (500 mg/kg), Pb+AA+MLEMO and Pb+AA (50 mg/kg) +MLEMO (250 mg/kg) respectively. All agents were administered daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. Inappetence, facial swelling, emaciation, back arching and nasal discharge were observed only in group II animals. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) in group II compared to other groups. The leucocyte counts were higher (P<0.05) in group II compared to group V. However, platelet counts were lower (P<0.001) in group II compared to group V. Results from this study, showed that co-administration of MLEMO (250 mg/kg) and AA (50 mg/kg) exert more ameliorative effects in Pb-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats.

English

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of methanol leaf extract of Uvaria chamae using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) to determine the phytochemicals present and its effect on the histology of midgut of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Insects were administered with 10 mg/kg of the plant extract using diffusion method where insects were put in a petri dish containing various concentrations and observed to see the stage they begin to die due to toxicity and observed for 5 min. They were collected into foil processing paper and fixed in Bouins fluid for 24 h, repacked after 24 h and folded in fresh foil immersed in buffered formalin for histopathological studies. Result revealed that a severe degeneration de-arrangement of the respiratory tract epithelial lining, secretory lining cells and gastrointestinal layers with the destruction of the muscular layer when compared with the control. The methanol leaf extracts of U. chamae were preliminary screened for the phytochemicals. The extract shows the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponin, steroids/terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols. GC-MS analysis of the extract showed the presence of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (4.00), malic acid (2.04), L-aspartic acid (2.00), 1, 1, dimethylhydrazine (1.86), Cedrandiol (1.75), 2-amino-4-(2-methylpropenyl)-pyrimidin-5-carboxylic acid (1.56), thiirane (1.54), mercaptoethanol (1.11) and some minor compounds. The findings indicated that methanol extract of U. chamae is rich in phyto-compounds having biological activities on the midguts’ histology of S. zeamais. Therefore, it is recommended as an alternative for the synthetic insecticide used by farmers for the preservation of stored grains. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Arbutus andrachne L. methanolic leaf extract in rats

Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action. Methods: Paw edema was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of λ-carrageenan (1% w/v, 100 μL/paw) while pyrexia was evoked by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20% baker's yeast (20 mL/kg body wt) in male Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Arbutus andrachne methanolic leaf extract were explored by injecting rats with different doses of the plant extract (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body wt, i.p.). Selective antagonists for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (a2-AR) were used to unravel the extracts’ mechanism of action. Blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing paw thickness and IL-6 levels. In addition, yeast-evoked pyrexia was attenuated by the extract treatment via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors and a reduction in PGE2 levels. No significant effects were found for a2-AR. Moreover, the rats that received the plant extract demonstrated similar responses to the positive control group. Conclusions: Arbutus andrachne can be a good candidate for treating inflammation and pyrexia and should be further investigated.

Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae) on Blood Glucose and Serum Proteins Concentration in Doxorubicin Induced Rats

Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae) on Blood Glucose and Serum Proteins Concentration in Doxorubicin Induced Rats