Effect Of Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation Research Articles

Maternal supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients reduces cardiometabolic variables in pregnancy induced hypertension rats

AimsReports indicate that during pregnancy hypertension is known to have long term adverse effects both in the mother and offspring. However, the effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on this association of in utero exposure and risk of non-communicable diseases in the later life remains unclear. The present study examines the effect of maternal micronutrient and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation either individual or in combination on cardiometabolic risk factors both in the mother and offspring using an animal model of hypertension. Main methodsPregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups; control, PIH (Pregnancy induced hypertention) Induced, PIH+vitamin B12, PIH+ folic acid, PIH+omega-3 fatty acids and PIH+combined smicronutrient supplementation (vitamin B12+folic acid + omega-3 fatty acids). The dams and their offspring were shifted to a control diet after delivery and the offspring continued on these diets till 3mo of age. Hypertension during pregnancy was induced using l-Nitroarginine methylester (50mg/kgbody weight/day). Key findingsOmega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy demonstrated lower levels (p<0.05) of plasma cholesterol while a combined supplementation of folic acid, vitamin B12 and omega 3 fatty acids demonstrated lower (p<0.05) triglyceride levels as compared to PIH induced dams. PIH induction increased (p<0.01) the triglyceride levels in the offspring at 3mo of age and maternal supplementation of either individual or combined micronutrients demonstrated lower (p<0.01) triglyceride levels. SignificanceOur findings have implications for planning intervention studies in women with pregnancy induced hypertension.

No effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on early childhood growth in rural western China: 30 month follow-up evaluation of a double blind, cluster randomized controlled trial

Little is known about the long-term effects of maternal multi-micronutrient supplementation on the growth of children during early childhood. In this follow-up study, the effects of maternal supplementation with multi-micronutrients in pregnancy on postnatal child growth are examined. A longitudinal follow-up of a subset of newborns (n=1388) whose mothers were randomly assigned to receive the supplements of folic acid, iron-folic acid or multi-micronutrients daily during pregnancy in the original trial was conducted. Children's weight and length were measured and assessed during monthly home visits from birth to 30 months of age. The pooled prevalence rate of stunting over different time points during the first 30 months was 13.5, 14.9 and 12.1% for the folic acid group, iron-folic acid group and multi-micronutrient group, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the pooled odds of stunting in children between the multi-micronutrient group and the folic acid (odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-1.26), and between the multi-micronutrient group and the iron-folic acid group (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.63-1.07). Similar results for the three groups were found for the occurrences of underweight and wasting in children. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in length, weight, length-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length Z-scores among the three treatment groups. Currently, available evidence is insufficient to support a greater advantage of the effect of maternal multi-micronutrient supplementation on child growth over iron-folic acid or folic acid only supplementation during the first 30 months.

Low Maternal Vitamin B-12 Status Is Associated with Offspring Insulin Resistance Regardless of Antenatal Micronutrient Supplementation in Rural Nepal ,

Questions have been raised about potentially negative effects of antenatal folic acid use in populations with a high prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Our objective was to examine the association between maternal folate and vitamin B-12 status in pregnancy on offspring insulin resistance and examine whether the effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation varied by baseline maternal folate and/or vitamin B-12 status. Pregnant women were cluster randomized to receive daily supplements containing vitamin A alone or with folic acid, folic acid+iron, folic acid+iron+zinc, or a multiple micronutrient. In a subsample (n = 1132), micronutrient status biomarkers were analyzed at baseline and late pregnancy. Children born to the women who participated in the trial were visited at 6–8 y of age. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were used to estimate insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Children whose mothers were deficient in vitamin B-12 (<148 pmol/L, 27%) during early pregnancy had a 26.7% increase in HOMA-IR (P = 0.02), but there was no association with maternal folate status. Among children born to women who were vitamin B-12 deficient at baseline, the percent difference in HOMA-IR compared to the control group was 15.1% (95% CI: −35.9, 106.4), 4.9% (−41.6, 88.5), 3.3% (−38.4, 73.5), and 18.1% (−29.0, 96.7) in the folic acid, folic acid-iron, folic acid-iron-zinc, and multiple micronutrient supplementation groups, respectively, none of which were significant. Maternal vitamin B-12 deficiency is associated with an elevated risk of insulin resistance, but supplementation with folic acid or other micronutrients led to no significant change in insulin resistance in school-aged offspring.

Micronutrient supplementation affects maternal-infant feeding interactions and maternal distress in Bangladesh

Background:Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and development. Although micronutrient malnutrition has been associated with poorer interaction, the effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on interaction are unknown. Objectives:We examined differences in maternal-infant feeding interaction between 3 maternal pre- and postpartum micronutrient supplementation groups that differed in iron dose and inclusion of multiple micronutrients and determined whether any differences observed were mediated by maternal distress. Design:A cohort of 180 pregnant women was selected from 3300 women in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk of gestation, women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups to receive a daily supplement of micronutrients (14 wk gestation to 12 wk postpartum): 60 or 30 mg Fe each with 400μg folic acid or multiple micronutrients (MuMS; 30 mg Fe, 400μg folic acid, and other micronutrients). A maternal-infant feeding interaction was observed in the home when infants were 3.4–4.0 mo of age, and maternal distress was assessed. Results:Compared with 30 mg Fe, 60 mg Fe decreased the quality of maternal-infant feeding interaction by ≈10%. Compared with 30 mg Fe, MuMS did not improve interaction but reduced maternal early postpartum distress. Distress did not mediate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on interaction. Conclusion:For pregnant and postpartum women, micronutrient supplementation should be based on both nutritional variables (eg, iron status) and functional outcomes (eg, maternal-infant interaction and maternal distress).

Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First Months of Life

Assessment of Micronutrient Status in Mothers and Young Infants, Bates, C.J. Setting Dietary Reference Intakes for Micronutrients for Healthy North American Infants - A Process of Trials and Errors, Young, V.R. Assuring Micronutrient Adequacy in the Diets of Young Infants, Allen, L.H., Graham, J.M. Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Mothers and Infants - Delange, F.M. Public Health Impact of Preventing Vitamin A Deficiency in the First Six Months of Life, West, K.P., Jr. Does Iron Deficiency Cause Low Birth Weight - Prematurity, Anemia and Mortality in Early Infancy?, Beard, J.L. Preventing Zinc Deficiency in Early Infancy - Impact on Morbidity, Growth and Mortality, Sazawal, S. Malik, P. Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E Status on Host Defense and Resistance to Infection, Meydani, S.N., Chung, H., Han, S.N. Early Infant Vitamin K Deficiency - Extent, Health Consequences and Approaches to Prophylaxis, Shearer, M.J., Zhang, H.-F. Effect of Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation on Newborn Size and Infant Health and Survival, Christian, P. Special Micronutrient Concerns in Premature Infants - Implications for Enteral and Parenteral Feeding, Zlotkin, S. Micronutrient Interactions on Risk of Infantile Anemia - Going beyond Iron Alone!, Davidsson, L. Rickets due to Maternal and Infant Micronutrient Deficiencies, Pettifor, J.M. Micronutrients and Child Health in the Presence of HIV Infection, Kupka, R., Fawzi, W. Reducing Risks of Birth Defects with Periconceptional Micronutrient Supplementation, Czeizel,A.E. Effect of Micronutrients during Pregnancy and Early Infancy on Mental and Psychomotor Development, Verhoef, H., West, C.E., Bleichrodt, N., Dekker, P.H., Born, M.P.

Alfred Sommer: a life in the field and in the data

Alfred Sommer: a life in the field and in the data

Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal

We previously reported that maternal micronutrient supplementation in rural Nepal decreased low birth weight by approximately 15%. We examined the effect of daily maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality. The study was a double-blind, cluster-randomized, controlled trial among 4926 pregnant women and their 4130 infants in rural Nepal. In addition to vitamin A (1000 microg retinol equivalents), the intervention groups received either folic acid (FA; 400 microg), FA + iron (60 mg), FA + iron + zinc (30 mg), or multiple micronutrients (MNs; the foregoing plus 10 microg vitamin D, 10 mg vitamin E, 1.6 mg thiamine, 1.8 mg riboflavin, 2.2 mg vitamin B-6, 2.6 microg vitamin B-12, 100 mg vitamin C, 64 microg vitamin K, 20 mg niacin, 2 mg Cu, and 100 mg Mg). The control group received vitamin A only. None of the supplements reduced fetal loss. Compared with control infants, infants whose mothers received FA alone or with iron or iron + zinc had a consistent pattern of 15-20% lower 3-mo mortality; this pattern was not observed with MNs. The effect on mortality was restricted to preterm infants, among whom the relative risks (RRs) were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.75) for FA, 0.53 (0.30, 0.92) for FA + iron, 0.77 (0.45, 1.32) for FA + iron + zinc, and 0.70 (0.41, 1.17) for MNs. Among term infants, the RR for mortality was close to 1 for all supplements except MNs (RR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.04). Maternal micronutrient supplementation failed to reduce overall fetal loss or early infant mortality. Among preterm infants, FA alone or with iron reduced mortality in the first 3 mo of life. MNs may increase mortality risk among term infants, but this effect needs further evaluation.

Presentation of a randomised, controlled trial in Zimbabwe: The effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on mother-to-child HIV transmission

Presentation of a randomised, controlled trial in Zimbabwe: The effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on mother-to-child HIV transmission