Effect Of Maternal Anemia Research Articles

Effect of maternal anemia on perinatal outcomes in mothers with mild preeclampsia. A cross-sectional study

Effect of maternal anemia on perinatal outcomes in mothers with mild preeclampsia. A cross-sectional study

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

This article examines the effects of maternal anemia and iron deficiency on pregnancy outcomes. The effects of iron supplementation on the health of the mother and her baby during pregnancy and after childbirth are still well understood. Anemia is a common problem in childbirth and maternity care. True anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level below 10.5 g/dL, excluding the age of pregnancy. Malnutrition, viral and bacterial infections, and congenital red cell illnesses like Thalassemia are the most common causes of anaemia during pregnancy. In pregnant women, iron deficiency is a prevalent cause of anaemia. Eliminated iron reserves, iron-free erythropoiesis without anaemia, and iron deficiency anaemia, which is the most common form of iron shortage, are the stages of iron insufficiency. Conclusion: Iron supplements should be given in the most efficient way. Oral metal formulas are widely used due to their performance and low cost. Parental therapy should only be used in the treatment of reasonable and severe anaemia when quick iron rehabilitation is required. The World Health Assembly has proposed the goal of reducing maternal anaemia by 5025 by 2025, and the U.S. Global Health Effort's Feed the Future has focused on maternal blood loss as a major concern.

The Effect of Maternal Anemia on Low Birth Weight: Meta Analysis

Background: Low birth weight is still a global public health problem that is associated with a number of risks. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of LBW is anemia. This study was aimed to estimate the risk of anemia in pregnant women to the incidence of LBW in several countries.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with PICO, Population: pregnant women. Intervention: maternal anemia. Comparison: no maternal anemia. Result: LBW. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct with a cohort study design from 2015 to 2022 that reported Adjusted Odds Odds Ratio in its multivariate analysis. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart. Analysis of articles using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 cohort studies involving 75,807 pregnant women from Taiwan, China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Iran, and Colombia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that pregnant women who were anemic during pregnancy had a 1.3 times higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight than non-anemic mothers, but this result was not statistically significant (aOR= 1.30; 95% CI= 0.89 to 1.88; p= 0.170). With an intuitive index of 84%, so the effect between the studies is heterogeneous.Conclusion: Mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have a risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight. Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, low birth weight Correspondence:Fahmi Adhimukti. Study Program of Midwifery, Diploma IV, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta. Jl. Tata Bumi 3, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: fahmiadhimukti13@gmail.com. Mobile: 085743155133.

Effect of maternal anaemia on status of iron stores in neonates and anthropometry

Objective: To evaluate the effect of maternal IDA on neonatal hemoglobin and iron stores and also to assess its correlation with neonatal anthropometric characteristics. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 18 months. The study enrolled total 112 pregnant women who were diagnosed with IDA, and also included babies of enrolled women for correlation of neonatal iron status and anthropometric variables. Maternal prenatal blood samples, during the first stage of labour, and neonatal cord blood samples were collected for hemoglobin and serum ferritin analysis. Results: Mean age of enrolled pregnant women was 25.81 ± 4.67 years. Among all, 65.17% women had moderate to severe anemia. The mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of pregnant women with IDA were 8.92 ± 1.46 g/dL and 12.63 ± 1.36 µg/L, respectively. The mean cord blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were 15.24 ± 1.04 g/dL and 27.79 ± 4.37 µg/L, respectively. Only 15.18% neonates born from mother with IDA were anemic (Hb <14 g/dL).

Effects of Maternal Anemia on Neonatal Outcome

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency problem affecting pregnant women. It is defined by World Health Organization as hemoglobin (Hb) level of less than 11 g/dl. Hemoglobin level of 9.0- 10.9 g/dl is mild, 7.0-8.9 g/dl is moderate and less than 7 g/dl is severe anemia respectively. Maternal anemia in pregnancy is commonly considered as a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus.
 Aims: To find out neonatal outcome delivered to anemic mothers.
 Methods: A prospective case control study was carried out among 75 newborns delivered to pregnant women with hemoglobin below 10.9g/dL. Another 75 newborns were taken delivered at the same time, matched age and sex wise as a control group to mothers whose hemoglobin was more than 11g/dl.
 Results: Out of total 75 cases 35(46.7%) mothers had mild, 32(42.6%) had moderate and 8(10.7%) had severe anemia respectively. Similarly, the risk of having preterm baby among anemia group was 4.42 times higher than that in control group (p 0.033). The risk of having low birth weight in anemia group was 3.9 times higher than that in control group (p 0.04). The mean of head circumference (HC) among the anemia group was 33.9cm +1.40 (Mean+SD) and among the control group was 34.4cm+1.24(Mean+SD) with a mean difference of 0.5cm (p 0.032). The mean of length among anemia group was 45.3cm+1.97 (Mean+ SD) and among the control group was 46.2cm+1.69 (Mean+ SD) with a mean difference of 0.9 cm (p 0.003).
 Conclusion: Maternal anemia in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse neonatal outcome. Efforts must be made to reduce the prevalence of anemia especially during pregnancy to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Effect of maternal hemoglobin and iron status on fetal hemoglobin, iron status, growth and maturity

Background: Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a major health issue in India. However, the status of iron stores in infants born to iron depleted mothers remains controversial and inadequately investigated. The present study is therefore an attempt to understand whether maternal anemia and iron stores have any significant effect on iron status and growth of fetus.Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital based study conducted at Mata Chanan Devi Hosital, Janakpuri, New Delhi. Hemoglobin and iron profile of 100 newborns and their mothers were taken. Mothers were divided into anemic and non anemic group to see the effect of maternal anemia on fetus.Results: A total of 100 newborns and their mothers were analysed. Cord hemoglobin and iron profile was significantly reduced in anemic compared to non anemic group. Birth weight of newborn was significantly reduced only in moderately anemic group as compared to non anemic group but there was no difference seen in length and head circumference.Conclusions: Maternal serum ferritin levels should be measured for the diagnosis of occult iron deficiency in the fetus so that timely measures can be taken to prevent iron deficiency anemia in the newborn.

Effect of maternal anemia on breast milk iron status

Objectives: Nutritional anemia is highly prevalent in lactating mothers. It is postulated that anemic pregnant women secrete less iron in their breast milk. This study was aimed to compare the iron levels in breast milk samples of anemic and non-anemic lactating pregnant women and to correlate breast milk iron levels with the hemoglobin (Hb) status of anemic and non-anemic mothers. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women aged 20–30 years having a normal antenatal history. They were classified into non-anemic and anemic groups based on their Hb status; Group 1: Hb ≥11 g/dl and Group 2: Hb 7–10.9 g/dl, respectively. Results: Maternal blood Hb was significantly different between the groups (11.8 ± 0.6 vs. 10.2 ± 0.5 g/dL, P > 0.05). Breast milk iron levels did not vary significantly between the groups (938.8 ± 465.6 vs. 1084.8 ± 440.8 μg/dl). No correlation was observed between maternal Hb levels of anemic lactating mothers and breast milk iron status (r = 0.054, P = 0.424). Conclusion: Our research study validates the finding that maternal anemia did not affect breast milk iron concentration during the early post-natal period by showing the optimum iron levels in it. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants.

Adverse effect of Maternal Anemia on Fetal Doppler Indices and estimated fetal weight during the Last trimester of pregnancy in rural and suburban area

Adverse effect of Maternal Anemia on Fetal Doppler Indices and estimated fetal weight during the Last trimester of pregnancy in rural and suburban area

Knowledge of Pre-Pregnancy Care Among Men Attending the Outpatient Clinics of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

BackgroundMen’s involvement in pre-pregnancy care is important to ensure a positive pregnancy outcome. The objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge of pre-pregnancy care among men and the factors associated with poor knowledge.MethodsThis work is a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinics of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia involving 235 married men. A self-administered questionnaire was used and it consisted of four sections: socio-demographic data, reproductive characteristics of couples, clinical characteristics and knowledge of pre-pregnancy care.ResultsMore than half of the men (51.9%) had poor knowledge of pre-pregnancy care, mostly on high-risk pregnancy, consequences of poor birth spacing and effect of maternal anaemia on a baby. The mean (SD) knowledge was 11.86 (3.85). Poor knowledge of pre-pregnancy care was significantly associated with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99, P = 0.002) and education level (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.57; P = 0.001).ConclusionThe men in our study had poor knowledge of pre-pregnancy care. Further health promotion and education are needed to be focused on men to increase their knowledge and share the responsibilities in maternal health.

A study on effect of maternal anaemia on anthropometric profile and haemoglobin of newborns

Background & Objectives: Anaemia is one of the major health problems among antenatal mothers. Most of the anaemias seen in pregnancy are largely preventable and easily treatable if detected on time. According to WHO, Haemoglobin level below 11gm/dl at any time during pregnancy is considered as anaemia. If the mothers are anaemic, the foetuses are at a risk of preterm deliveries, low birth weight, morbidity and perinatal mortality due to impairment of oxygen delivery to placenta and foetus. Methods: Data was collected from inborn neonates born to Anaemic and Non-anaemic mothers, selected by purposive sampling technique, within 48 hours of birth. Collected data was analysed using software SPSS v16. Results: Among 1016 neonates studied,it was found that 23.6% of newborns born to mother’s with hemoglobin 11gm%). Length of the babies born to anaemic mothers (<11gm%) was found to be lower than the babies born to non-anaemic mothers, 68.50% as compared to 49.4 % in controls .Head circumference of babies born to anaemic mothers (<11gm%) was found to be in the lower range,45.86% as compared to 9.25% in controls. Babies born to mother’s with haemoglobin<11 gm%had cord hemoglobin in the range 14-15 gm/dl, 58.2 % as compared to 36.8 % in controls. Interpretation & Conclusion: Comparison of all anthropometric parameters born to neonates of Mothers with Anaemia and no anaemia was statistically significant. It was also found that the cord blood haemoglobin done in neonates born to anaemic mothers was lesser than in neonates born to non-anaemic mothers.

Effect of Maternal Anaemia on Different Macronutrients of Breast Milk in the Rural Population of India: An Observational Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem throughout the world, particularly the developing countries. Maternal anaemia affects the major macronutrients contents of breast milk. Aim: To analyse the major nutrients and components of transitional milk in anaemic mothers and healthy non anaemic mothers. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional study conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 for a period of 18 months, included 180 lactating mothers who were divided into two groups: Anaemic {Haemoglobin (Hb) &lt;11 gm/dL} and Non anaemic (Hb &gt;11 gm/dL) based on their antenatal haemoglobin status. Anaemic group patients were further subdivided according to severity as recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research. Breast milk samples (15-20 mL) were collected from postpartum patients on day 4 to 14. The sample was collected in the morning 1 hour after the previous breastfeeding and instilled into a milk analyser and compared the following major components (fat, lactose, protein) in both the groups. The data was coded in Microsoft excel sheet and was analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 software. Analysis of the component of transitional milk was done. Results: There were 90 cases in each group, with total 180 lactating mothers. The mean age of the anaemic group was 26.18±2.89 and non anaemic group was 26.03±3.43 (p-value= 0.792) were statistically similar. The mean parity of both the group (p-value=0.039) were significant. Study shows that anaemia grossly affects the protein and lactose content of the breast milk but there is no significant change in fat content. In severe anaemia, there was significant difference present in all the 3 components, fat, protein, and lactose (p-value=0.012, p-value=0.051, p-value=0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Maternal anaemia particularly of severe type adversely affects all the macronutrients of breast milk in terms of protein, fat, and lactose.

Effect of Maternal Anaemia on Different Macronutrients of Breast Milk in the Rural Population of India: An Observational Cross-sectional Study

Effect of Maternal Anaemia on Different Macronutrients of Breast Milk in the Rural Population of India: An Observational Cross-sectional Study

The Effects of Maternal Anemia in Pregnant Women with Respect to the Newborn Weight and the Placental Weight in the Delivery Room

The Effects of Maternal Anemia in Pregnant Women with Respect to the Newborn Weight and the Placental Weight in the Delivery Room

Study on the effect of maternal anemia on birth weight of term neonates among rural population India

Background: Maternal anemia in pregnancy is common and has several deleterious effects on the health of the mother and the fetus. Maternal anemia is an important risk factor for LBW babies and preterm babies. There exists an insufficient information regarding the adverse effect of anemia during pregnancy especially among rural population. The aim of the study was to determine whether maternal anemia would affect the birth weight of the baby.Methods: The study was conducted in post-natal ward in Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Ariyur, Puducherry, India a tertiary care hospital in a rural area.Results: About 85% of low birth weight babies were born to mothers with severe maternal anemia with a p value of &lt;0.001 which is statistically significant. None of the mothers who didn't have maternal anemia had low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Maternal anemia is directly proportional to fetal growth. Maternal anemia being an important risk factor for low birth weight should be prevented as early as possible thus helpful in de-creasing the incidence, mortality and morbidity of LBW babies.

Effect of maternal anemia on the status of iron stores in infants: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND:Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may affect the iron reserves of their infants and lead to anemia later. The objective of the study was to compare hemoglobin and iron store status of infants born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to determine any correlation.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cohort study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of a Teaching hospital after obtaining ethical approval and written informed consent from all participants. Total 180 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the study were divided into two groups; Group I: 90 term infants born to anemic mothers (Hb <11 g/dl), Group II: 90 term infants born to non-anemic mothers (Hb >11 g/dl). Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were assessed in cord blood at birth and at 14 weeks after birth in the infants of both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0; Chi-square test and t-test were applied to test for statistical significance.RESULTS:The final sample size was 85 for Group I and 78 for Group II. For Group I, mean hemoglobin and ferritin levels in the cord blood of infants at birth were 16.33 ± 1.19 and 135.40 ± 25.94, respectively. For Group II, Mean hemoglobin and ferritin levels in the cord blood of infants at birth were 17.62 ± 1.35 and 160.45 ± 28.50, respectively; differences were statistically significant. At 14 weeks, the mean Hb and ferritin was 11.24 ± 1.03 and 55.92 ± 10.44 in Group I and 13.18 ± 0.82 and 63.56 ± 10.15 in Group II; the differences were statistically significant. A significant correlation between maternal and infant hemoglobin and ferritin levels was observed at birth and 14 weeks after birth.CONCLUSION:Maternal iron deficiency may have an effect on the iron status of their infants. Thus, timely appropriate interventions are necessary.

Effect of Maternal Anemia on Fetal Doppler Indices during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy

Effect of Maternal Anemia on Fetal Doppler Indices during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy

FREQUENCY OF LOW IRON STORES IN BABIES BORN TO IRON DEFICIENT MOTHERS

Background: Anaemia is nutritional deficiency disorder which is very commonin developed countries and related with inauspicious maternal and perinatal outcome. Itsprevalence in pregnancy is about 50-80% in Pakistan. It is a risk element for low iron stores inbabies, preterm delivery, foetal anaemia, low birth weight as well as stillbirth. Objectives: Todetermine the frequency of low iron store in babies born to iron deficient mothers and effectof maternal anaemia on newborn weight and cord haemoglobin. Study Design: Prospectiveobservational study. Setting: Government Sardar Begum Hospital Sialkot. Period: 1st January2017 to 30th June 2017. Materials and Methods: 160 pregnant women delivering for antenataland haemoglobin as well as weight of newborn babies, which was entered in computer softwareSPSS version 20. Results: Out of 160 mothers, 143 (89.37%) were anaemic. Out of 160 babies,127 (79.37%) of babies had anaemia. The mean haemoglobin among babies was 12.9±2.01 g/dL. Conclusion: A notable positive correlation with maternal haemoglobin and newborn weightand cord haemoglobin.

IRON DEFICIENT MOTHERS;

Background: Anaemia is nutritional deficiency disorder which is very commonin developed countries and related with inauspicious maternal and perinatal outcome. Itsprevalence in pregnancy is about 50-80% in Pakistan. It is a risk element for low iron stores inbabies, preterm delivery, foetal anaemia, low birth weight as well as stillbirth. Objectives: Todetermine the frequency of low iron store in babies born to iron deficient mothers and effectof maternal anaemia on newborn weight and cord haemoglobin. Study Design: Prospectiveobservational study. Setting: Government Sardar Begum Hospital Sialkot. Period: 1st January2017 to 30th June 2017. Materials and Methods: 160 pregnant women delivering for antenataland haemoglobin as well as weight of newborn babies, which was entered in computer softwareSPSS version 20. Results: Out of 160 mothers, 143 (89.37%) were anaemic. Out of 160 babies,127 (79.37%) of babies had anaemia. The mean haemoglobin among babies was 12.9±2.01 g/dL. Conclusion: A notable positive correlation with maternal haemoglobin and newborn weightand cord haemoglobin.

Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies

Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight &lt;2500g) and controls (term babies with weight &gt;2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.

Effect of maternal anemia on Placental ratio

Objective: To determine the effect of matemal anemia on placental ratio. Design: Cohort Study. Place and duration of study: Unit-1, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 1, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from August 2002 to August 2003. Patients and the methods: One hundred pregnant women, 50 anemic and 50 having normal range of Hb were included in the study. After delivery, weight of the new bom and weight of placenta was recorded. The fetoplacental ratio was calculated for both groups and compared. Results: The mean weight of the newbom (±SD) in anemic group was 3.12 ± 0.45Kg and 3.18+0.35Kg in control group. The difference was statistically non-significant (P=0.445). The mean placental weight of anemic group was 0.58±0.13Kg and that of control group was 0.52±0.088Kg showing a significant increase (P<0.009). Feto-placental ratio was 0.193+0.035 (Mean±SD) in anemic patients and 0.166+0.024 in control group. FP ratio of anemic patients was significantly higher than control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study confirms that anemia during pregnancy is associated with significantly large placental weight and a high fetoplacental ratio.