Effects Of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Research Articles

EFFECTS OF LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ON THE TOTAL LEUKOCYTES AND EOSINOPHILS OF THE FEMALE RAT.

THE hallucinogenic drug, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), produces in minute doses marked aberrations in mental functions. The psychic symptoms of LSD-25 intoxication resemble aspects peculiar to schizophrenia1,2. As a result, the drug has been utilized as an effective tool to explore the induction of reversible psychoses in non-psychotic subjects. It has been assumed that the similarities produced by LSD-25 could yield information pertinent to the mechanisms and pathophysiology involved in schizophrenia2,3.

Effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on urinary 17-ketosteroid and 17-OH corticosteroid levels of female rats.

THE marked aberrations in mental functions produced by minute doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) resemble aspects peculiar to schizophrenia1,2. As a result the drug has been suggested to be, and used as, an effective tool for the exploration of mechanisms and patho physiology common to schizophrenia and LSD-25 intoxi-cation2,3.

Organization of auditory, somatic sensory, and visual projection to association fields of cerebral cortex in the cat.

Organization of auditory, somatic sensory, and visual projection to association fields of cerebral cortex in the cat.

Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on the Nesting Behaviour of Male Pigeons

PRESENT-DAY advances in psychotherapy have added impetus to investigations into the actions of drugs which affect the central nervous system and thus cause changes in behaviour patterns. One such psychomimetic agent, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), exerts both peripheral and central actions1. Some of these effects in various animals and humans are nausea, vertigo, hyperhydrosis, hypersalivation, mydriasis, vasodilation or vasospasm, hypotension or hypertension, bradycardia or tachycardia, and changes in the white blood cell count2.

The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide on swimming time in albino mice

The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide on swimming time in albino mice

Effects of a hallucinogenic agent in totally blind subjects.

A previous study demonstrated that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induced measurable changes in human retinal function while visual hallucinations and illusions were being experienced.1The changes were evident in both dark-adaptation and electroretinographic studies and were interpreted as mildly hypoxic or toxic retinal effects of LSD. In the dark-adaptation curve, LSD delayed the rod-cone break and elevated the entire rod threshold. In the electroretinogram (ERG), the drug increased the scotopicbwave amplitudes and in some subjects also increased the scotopica-wave amplitudes. Because hallucinations and illusions were reported only when measurable ERG and dark-adaptation changes occurred, a possible retinal role in the induction of hallucinations was considered. Consequently, the present study was undertaken to clarify the role of a functioning retina in the induction of LSD-induced visual changes by studying subjects with total blindness (no light perception) and, insofar as could be determined, normal central nervous system

LSD and JB 318: a comparison of two hallucinogens. III. Qualatative analysis and summary of findings.

Introduction This is the third and last of a series of papers that compare the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and JB 318 (N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate). The first 2 articles described and compared in quantitative terms the effects of these 2 drugs on several psychological tests.1,2They may be summarized very briefly. LSD 100μg. and JB 318 15 mg. were administered orally to 10 medical students in a counterbalanced design. While JB 318 induced more hallucinations, LSD administration was oftener followed by changes in affect and body image. Both drugs significantly elevated the F (Validity), D (Depression), Pt (Psychasthenia), and Sc (Schizophrenia) scale scores among the classical Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales. LSD alone significantly increased the Ma (Hypomania) and the Wynne Neuroticism scale scores. JB 318 alone increased the scores on the Hs (Hypochondriasis) and L (Lie) scales. Subjects whose predrug

Subjective Reactions to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clinical and observational studies of the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD25) have aroused much interest in recent years because of the unusual nature of the alterations in functioning that have been observed. Many have seen a possible relationship between these alterations and the disturbances seen in schizophrenic syndromes or, more generally, under conditions of altered levels of consciousness, such as sleep deprivation, hypnosis, and sensory isolation, and have been stimulated to explore the effects of the drug in great detail.^{4,7,9,10,16-19}The scope of possible change is wide and includes a variety of disturbances in ego functions, alterations in drive manifestations, and other psychopathology. These alterations have been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Savage,¹⁹for example, described changes in autonomic functioning, motor functioning, mood, conation, cognition, and sensorium. Disturbances in thought and speech, affect, perception, behavior and

Effect of LSD on Pace of Performing a Variety of Tasks

During the past few years, as part of a program of research evaluating the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), a number of studies have been reported which involved a formal analysis of changes in the spacial properties of objects. These changes were considered relatively independent of their occurrence in the course of time (Liebert, et al., 1957, 195s; Krus & Wapner, 1959; Wapner & G u s , 1959). While convenient for purposes of analysis, this focus does not fully describe the behavioral operations of the organism in its transactions with environmental objects; rather, a more comprehensive analysis must, of necessity, consider spatio-temporal aspects of the organism's activity. A step in rhis direction is taken in the present paper which considers temporal aspects of behavior, in rhis case, the pace of carrying out n variety of tasks. The tasks selected to assess LSD-induced changes in pace were drawn from some situacions utilized in a larger unpublished study whose purpose was co inquire into the interrelationships becween the races of activity manifested in operations representative of various levels of organization, e.g., physiological, sensori-motor, perceptual, and concepn~al. The principal criterion for selecting situations from the larger battery was that the task be reliable. The six tasks so chosen had uncorrected test-retest reliabilities ranging from + .91 to + .96, and sampled the routine activities of rapping, psychomotor line-drawing, card sorting, handwriting, and addition.

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide on the surfacing behaviour of large carp.

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide on the surfacing behaviour of large carp.

Metabolic effects of psychoactive drugs.

The advent and widespread use of psychotomimetic and psychotherapeutic drugs, while of indisputable value, pose certain questions as to their effects on several somatic and metabolic functions—growth in children, resistance to infection, production of antibodies, etc. Furthermore, there is a great need for investigations aimed toward an elucidation of the action of these drugs at the biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels. With this in view, we have attempted to study the metabolic effects of some psychoactive drugs. We have previously reported [1] the metabolic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In the present study, results of the administration of 2-bromolysergic acid analogue (BOL), phenylisopropyl hydrazine (JB 516 or Catron), and chlorpromazine are presented.

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide and its brom analogue on arterial hypertension in the rat.

Subcutaneous administration of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or 2-brom- d-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL) markedly lowered the blood pressure of renal hypertensive rats. Drops of 50–120 mm Hg below established hypertensive blood pressure levels occurred within 48 hr after drug administration. For the following 10–14 days the pressure fluctuated, and then returned to original hypertensive levels. In normotensive control rats fluctuations of lesser absolute magnitude occurred within normal blood pressure ranges.

EFFECT OF LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ON ADRENOCORTICAL AND ADRENAL MEDULLARY FUNCTION IN THE DOG

ABSTRACT The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on adrenal cortical and medullarv function in anaesthetized dogs has been determined by measuring the output of 17-hydroxycorticoids and epinephrine and norepinepbrine in the adrenal vein before and after the administration of 50 μg/kg of LSD or control injections of saline. A slight rise in 17-hydroxycorticoid secretion was observed following LSD administration; epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion values did not differ significantly from the low values found in the controls. The increase in 17-hydroxycorticoid secretion produced by a subsequent laparotomy and the administration of corticotrophin was unaffected by LSD.

Effect of Administration of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Serotonin-Levels in the Body

IN a previous publication1, we have suggested that some of the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may be mediated through its effect on the serotonin content of brain. Brodie and his associates2 have previously reported that LSD—and also some other drugs—do not release serotonin as reserpine does. However, Freedman3 has recently reported slightly raised levels of serotonin in the whole brain of rats treated with LSD. Using animals which had been given reserpine, they found a twofold increase of brain serotonin in rats treated with LSD over the controls receiving reserpine alone. The whole brain serotonin may not be a true indication of the action of a psychopharmacological agent. Thus Vogt and her associates4 have reported different effects of LSD and serotonin in different areas of the brain after intraventricular injection.

The effect of drugs on discrimination and sensory generalisation of auditory stimuli in cats.

The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and chlorpromazine have been studied on generalisation and discrimination of auditory stimuli. LSD 25 (15 μg/kg) produced a significant decrease in the rate of extinction of a conditioned avoidance response and, although not modifying the degree to which the conditioned response was generalised to other, novel auditory stimuli, elicited a marked effect on the number of tones capable of evoking barrier crossing responses. LSD 25 also appeared to block a conditioned auditory discrimination response which had been established by reinforcing only one of the tones, but failed to exert any significant effect on a similar response taught by reinforcing both tones. Chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) produced rapid extinction of conditioned and generalised responses without altering the gradient of generalisation. The number of tones capable of evoking avoidance responses, however, was significantly reduced. A possible explanation of these results has been discussed.

Judgments of Body Size in a Schizophrenic and a Control Group

This is a preliminary report concerning size judgment of various body parts from photographs. Adapting a technique used by Weckowicz and Sommer (1960), 30 male schizophrenics and 30 males, hospitalized for nonpsychotic and non-psychosomatic reasons, were shown a series of photographs of a hand, foot, stomach, heart, and a baseball. These groups of Ss were comparable with respect to age, education, height, and weight. Photographs of each body part and the baseball were presented in alternating ascending-descending series to size. S's task was to state whether each picture was larger, smaller, or the size his own corresponding body part. In the case of the baseball pictures, comparison was made using a real baseball. Ss viewed the pictures while seated at a distance of 8 ft. in dim illumination of 1 candle power. A covering cloth prevented S from seeing his own body. A picture selected three times in a row being the size his own body organ constituted the criterion for S's image of that body part. At the condusion of experiment measurement was made of S's foot, toe to heel, and hand, third finger ro base at the wrist. Each S was also asked to guess, with his eyes dosed, the longest dimension in inches of his own heart and stomach. Controls and schizophrenics did not differ in actual hand or foot size, nor in mean height or weight. However, schizophrenics significantly exceeded controls in size judgment of all four body parts. Schizophrenics also significantly overestimated the size of their own hands and feet. Controls and schizophrenics did not differ on size judgment of a baseball, however. Schizophrenics also significantly exceeded controls on the total number of pictures seiected being the same size as their own body part, i.e., they have a much less definite image of their body area than do controls. The groups did not differ in this respect in their responses to the baseball pictures. Results indicate that schizophrenics suffer a loss in definiteness of body image. This vagueness of body image results in a ballooning of the schizophrenic's concept of h~s body. These results agree with those of Liebert, et al., (1958) who found that normals and schizophrenics, administered LSD, overestimated own body size although perceptions of external objects did not change. REFERENCES LIEBERT, R. S., WERNER, H., & WAPNER, S. Studies in the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Arch. Neurol. C Psychiac., 1958, 79, 580-584.

The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (delysid, LSD-25) on thiopental recovery.

Two groups of 55 consecutive feniale patients were observed closely to, determine the recovery time from thiopental-nitrpus oxide anaesthesia after, a short standard operative procedure. Uterine dilatation and curettage was the operation chosen because it produces very little surgical trauma and requires only a relatively light level of anaesthesia. The first group of patients served as a.control. In the second group, each patient received 25 μg. of LSD-25 immediately after the end of anaesthesia.

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide and bufotenine on performance of trained rats.

Summary1. A comparative study has been carried out to determine the effect of LSD and bufotenine on climbing time of trained rats. 2. Both drugs produced similar effects in these animals. However, LSD was effective at smaller doses but had a shorter duration of action than bufotenine. 3. Tolerance to repeated LSD injections was found and a similar tolerance to bufotenine was demonstrated. 4. Prolongation of climbing produced by submaximal doses of both LSD and bufotenine was potentiated when brain serotonin levels were altered by pretreatment of animals with reserpine, 5-HTP or iproniazid. Highly effective doses of LSD and bufotenine were inhibited by 5-HTP pretreatment, 5. Based on evaluation of climbing time delay produced in trained rats the psychogenic activity of LSD and bufotenine appears to depend on a similar mechanism of action.

Influence of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) on subjective time.

<h3>Introduction</h3> Various reports^1,14have shown that the subjective sense of time can be considerably altered through changes in the external circumstances under which the judgment is made. Somewhat less is known of the influence of the subject’s physical state on his ability to estimate time. This lack may be at least partially due to the fact that most conditions, such as fever or delirium, which have been described as bringing about such changes often simultaneously make it difficult or impossible to collect systematic data. When physical states are experimentally induced, however, the effects can be better controlled and tested. In this way, information has been obtained on the influence of nitrous oxide¹³and mescaline^6,8on the sense of time. The very striking effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) on the sense of time has been described in various ways by those who

The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (L.S.D) on size constancy.

1. An experiment of size constancy has been carried out on 18 volunteers who took 35 gamma of L.S.D. 2. The subjects served as their own controls. 3. The effect of L.S.D. was an increase of the variability of performance of each individual.