Effects Of Long-term Feeding Research Articles

Effects of long-term feeding of crude glycerine on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and blood and rumen metabolites of finishing bulls

The objective of this study was to examine performance, carcass traits, muscle chemical composition, and blood and rumen metabolites of bulls fed diets with different levels of crude glycerine. A total of 48 Fleckvieh bulls (initial age and live weight 222±16d and 232±29kg, respectively) were divided into four dietary treatment groups with different levels of glycerine supplementation: C (without glycerine), G5 (4.7% of glycerine), G10 (9.3% of glycerine) for the entire experimental period (266±38 d), and CG10 (0% for 118 d and then 9.3% of glycerine until slaughter). The diets were similar in their energy and protein contents with glycerine proportionally substituting barley meal. Feed intakes were recorded daily and the bulls were weighed every two weeks until slaughter (592±29kg of live weight). In addition, blood samples were collected on day 0, 118, and 189 of the experiment. After slaughter, rumen fluid was collected, carcass characteristics were recorded, and m. longissimus lumborum composition was determined. No significant effect of glycerine inclusion was observed in any of the growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits studied. Also, no apparent effects on blood and rumen metabolites were detected. We conclude that crude glycerine can be used as a long-term substitution for barley meal up to the level of approximately 10% of dry matter in the diets of finishing bulls.

Detection of Transgenic and Endogenous Plant DNA Fragments and Proteins in the Digesta, Blood, Tissues, and Eggs of Laying Hens Fed with Phytase Transgenic Corn

The trials were conducted to assess the effects of long-term feeding with phytase transgenic corn (PTC) to hens on laying performance and egg quality, and investigate the fate of transgenic DNA and protein in digesta, blood, tissues, and eggs. Fifty-week old laying hens (n = 144) were fed with a diet containing 62.4% PTC or non-transgenic isogenic control corn (CC) for 16 weeks. We observed that feeding PTC to laying hens had no adverse effect on laying performance or egg quality (P>0.05) except on yolk color (P<0.05). Transgenic phyA2 gene and protein were rapidly degraded in the digestive tract and were not detected in blood, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, breast muscle, and eggs of laying hens fed with diet containing PTC. It was concluded that performance of hens fed diets containing PTC, as measured by egg production and egg quality, was similar to that of hens fed diets formulated with CC. There was no evidence of phyA2 gene or protein translocation to the blood, tissues, and eggs of laying hens.

Effect of long term feeding with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in growth performance and lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

In the present study, the effects of long term feeding dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, liver and perivisceral fat morphology, lipid metabolism enzymes and prostaglandin production potential were assessed. Two hundred and forty-three European sea bass (152.4±1.96g) were randomly allocated in 9 indoor 1m3 fiberglass tanks (4.1kg/m3) and assigned three diets containing graded amounts of CLA (0, 0.5 and 1%) for 20weeks. Dietary CLA did not affect growth performance or tissue proximate composition although increased the saturated fatty acid fraction in fish fed with 1% CLA in muscle. Muscle and liver fatty acid profiles were slightly altered by CLA inclusion, mainly by the increase of the CLA isomers and by the increase of 18:0 and the decrease of 16:1n-7. Liver lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes were not affected by dietary CLA. Hepatocyte area was reduced in fish fed with 1% of CLA, as well as adipocyte area in fish fed with 0.5% of CLA where adipocyte number by unit of area also increased. Head kidney prostaglandins' production potential was reduced in fish fed with 1% of CLA, having also a negative correlation with dietary CLA level of inclusion. The present results suggest that CLA can be incorporated up to 1% in 150g European sea bass for 20weeks without affecting fish performance or enzyme activities and at the time improves liver and adipose tissue morphology.

Effects of Long-Term Feeding of Chitosan on Postprandial Lipid Responses and Lipid Metabolism in a High-Sucrose-Diet-Impaired Glucose-Tolerant Rat Model

This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of chitosan on postprandial lipid response and lipid metabolism in a high-sucrose (HS)-diet-impaired glucose-tolerant rat model. As the results, HS-diet-fed rats supplemented with 5 and 7% chitosan in diets for 9 weeks had lower postprandial plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels, but 7% chitosan in the diet had higher postprandial plasma triglyceride (TG) and TG-rich lipoprotein TG levels. Supplementation of chitosan significantly decreased the postprandial ratio of apolipoprotein B (apoB)48/apoB100 in TG-rich lipoprotein fractions of HS-diet-fed rats. Long-term supplementation of 5 and 7% chitosan in diets for 16 weeks had lower plasma TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) + very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in HS-diet-fed rats. Moreover, it was noticed that the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) protein expression in skeletal muscles of HS-diet-fed rats was significantly decreased, which could be significantly reversed by supplementation of 5 and 7% chitosan. Rats supplemented with 7% chitosan in the diet significantly elevated the lipolysis rate and decreased the accumulation of TG in epididymal fat pads of HS-diet-fed rats. The plasma angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein expression was not affected in HS-diet-fed rats, but it was significantly increased in 7% chitosan-supplemented HS-diet-fed rats. Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation of chitosan in the diet can improve the impairment of lipid metabolism in a HS-diet-fed rat model, but long-term high-dose chitosan feeding may enhance postprandial plasma TG and TG-rich lipoprotein TG levels in HS-diet-fed rats through an ANGPTL4-regulated pathway.

Beetroot juice protects against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury in rats

Red beetroot, a common ingredient of diet, is a rich source of a specific class of antioxidants, betalains. Our previous studies have shown the protective role of beetroot juice against carcinogen induced oxidative stress in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of long term feeding (28days) with beetroot juice on phase I and phase II enzymes, DNA damage and liver injury induced by hepatocarcinogenic N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). Long term feeding with beetroot juice decreased the activities of enzymatic markers of cytochrome P450, CYP1A1/1A2 and CYP2E1. NDEA treatment also reduced the activities of these enzymes, but increased the activity of CYP2B. Moreover, combined treatment with beetroot juice and NDEA enhanced significantly CYP2B only. Modulation of P450 enzyme activities was accompanied by changes in the relevant proteins levels. Increased level and activity of NQO1 was the most significant change among phase II enzymes. Beetroot juice reduced the DNA damage increased as the result of NDEA treatment, as well as the biomarkers of liver injury.Collectively, these results confirm the protective effect of beetroot juice against oxidative damage shown in our previous studies and indicate that metabolic alterations induced by beetroot feeding may protect against liver damage.

Effect of Long Term Feeding of the Water Extract of Dried Flowers of Aegle marmelos in Wistar Rats

Effect of Long Term Feeding of the Water Extract of Dried Flowers of Aegle marmelos in Wistar Rats

Effects of long-term feeding of α-glucosylhesperidin on the mechanical properties of rabbit femoral arteries

Many people are sensitive to cold, resulting in poor blood circulation. There is evidence that hesperidin results in increased peripheral circulation and skin temperature. A transglycosylated hesperidin, α-glucosylhesperidin, is more bioabsorbable than hesperidin. In the present study, biomechanical studies were performed on the effects of long-term feeding of α-glucosylhesperidin on the contractile response (diameter response) and stiffness of femoral arteries excised from rabbits. Animals in the normal (non-treated), low, and high groups were fed 0, 150 and 4500 mg/day, respectively, of α-glucosylhesperidin for about 24 weeks. The feeding of α-glucosylhesperidin did not change arterial stiffness nor mean blood flow rate in the femoral artery; however, it increased mean aortic blood pressure and decreased arterial diameter at 100 mmHg in the high group. The diameter responses developed by 10-5 M of norepinephrine were significantly lower in the high and low groups than in non-treated group. This result indicates that, due to the long-term feeding of α-glucosylhesperidin, arterial contraction induced by the neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerves decreases. It was estimated that blood flow in such muscular arteries as the femoral artery is maintained at normal by α-glucosylhesperidin even under the conditions of autonomic imbalance and cold intolerance.

Effect of pre-feeding forage treatments, harvesting stage, and animal type on preference of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis)

Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis), a multipurpose fodder tree, is highly productive in the tropical highlands. The forage has high crude protein (CP) concentrations but is reported to have low intake by ruminants. This study investigated the effects of plant harvest stage and feeding management (wilted, dried and fresh) on levels of tannins in tagasaste and on preference and intake by Menz sheep and cattle fed during the dry season. The treatments were (1) fresh tagasaste, (2) wilted tagasaste, (3) dried tagasaste and (4) native hay. There were three preference experiments using sheep (20.2 ± 0.66 kg) to investigate intake under ad libitum or restricted offering of the forages, and to assess effect of harvest age (6- or 10-month regrowth age) on ad libitum intake. In two further experiments ad libitum offerings of the forages were evaluated using young steers (131.2 ± 19.6 kg) and heifers (156.3 ± 5.4 kg). The CP (201 g/kg), hydrolysable tannin (150.2 g/kg) and condensed tannin (8.97abs measured as absorbance at 550 nm wavelength/g NDF) contents of tagasaste forage were not affected by the physical treatments and harvesting stage. When fed ad libitum, sheep preferred (P < 0.01) fresh forage to wilted or dry tagasaste (24.5 vs. 22.9 and 7.9 g dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic body weight (MBW). The restricted offering increased intake of the less preferred dried form. Regrowth age (6 vs. 10 months) did not affect sheep preference. Unlike sheep, steers and heifers preferred (P < 0.01) dried tagasaste rather than the fresh or wilted forage. Animal preference and intake were affected by the preparation method of the forage, but not by regrowth age. Methods to improve intake (for cattle), effects of long-term feeding and evaluation on the subsequent effect of anti-nutritional compounds during digestion and animal performance should be further investigated.

Reply to Professor William J Waddell's letter concerning my paper entitled ‘Long‐term feeding effects of stevioside sweetener on some toxicological parameters of growing male rats'

Journal of Applied ToxicologyVolume 31, Issue 6 p. 597-598 Letter to the Editor Reply to Professor William J Waddell's letter concerning my paper entitled ‘Long-term feeding effects of stevioside sweetener on some toxicological parameters of growing male rats' First published: 28 June 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1704Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume31, Issue6August 2011Pages 597-598 RelatedInformation

Effects of Consumption of Bt-maize (MON 810) on the Collembolan Folsomia candida, Over Multiple Generations: A Laboratory Study.

The effect of long-term feeding on Bt-maize by collembolans in the laboratory is virtually unestablished. That is why the aim of the present study was to test whether the reproduction, fecal pellet production or food preference of the collembolan F. candida is affected when fed on Bt-maize for several consecutive generations. The collembolans were fed with Bt-maize for 0, 6, 16 and 22 months and the number of eggs and fecal pellets were determined. The experiment was repeated seven months later with the same populations. Food preference tests were additionally performed. Significant differences were found in food consumption, egg production and food preference between populations in some cases, but no time-response effect was observed. In conclusion, several generations feeding of F. candida on Cry1Ab toxin containing Bt-maize seems not to be harmful to this collembolan species.

Business partner or simple catch? The economic value of the sicklefin lemon shark in French Polynesia

Most arguments invoked so far by the scientific community in favour of shark conservation rely on the ecological importance of sharks, and have little impact on management policies. During a 57-month study, we were able to individually recognise 39 sicklefin lemon sharks that support a shark-feeding ecotourism activity in Moorea Island, French Polynesia. We calculated the direct global revenue generated by the provisioning site, based on the expenses of local and international divers. The total yearly revenue was around USD5.4 million and the 13 sharks most often observed at the site had an average contribution each of around USD316 699. Any one of these sharks represents a potential contribution of USD2.64 million during its life span. We argue that publicising economic values per individual will be more effective than general declarations about their ecological importance for convincing policy makers and fishers that a live shark is more valuable than a dead shark for the local economy. Studies monitoring the potential negative ecological effects of long-term feeding of sharks should, however, be conducted to ensure these are also considered. Besides declarations about the non-consumptive direct-use value of sharks, as promoted by ecotourism, the calculation of their other economic values should also benefit shark conservation.

Wild bird feeding delays start of dawn singing in the great tit

Supplementary feeding of wild birds during winter is one of the most popular wildlife management activities, and is likely to have profound influence on the behavioural ecology of a species. At garden bird feeders, birds are now often fed well into the breeding season. Providing food within an established songbird territory, however, is likely to influence the territorial behaviour of the resident male. We used song performance during the dawn chorus in early spring to study behavioural changes in food-supplemented great tits, Parus major. After 2 weeks of continuous food supply within their territory, supplemented males started dawn singing later than control males, and thus postponed their regular dawn chorus before sunrise. This effect was maintained 2 weeks after food supplementation had ended. However, we did not find an effect of long-term feeding on song output. Our results were largely unexpected because formal models and field studies on short-term food supplementation suggested an earlier start of dawn singing or a higher dawn song output. Because we did not observe great tits visiting the feeders before sunrise or food supplementation increasing the numbers of conspecific intruders, the reasons for the delay in the start of dawn singing remain unclear; possible explanations include the presence of predators at feeding stations and the quality of the supplementary food itself. Delaying dawn singing could potentially affect the reproductive success of supplemented males, for example if females base extrapair mating decisions on dawn song performance of their mates.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of long-term feeding of genetically modified corn (event MON810) on the performance of lactating dairy cows

A long-term study over 25 months was conducted to evaluate the effects of genetically modified corn on performance of lactating dairy cows. Thirty-six dairy cows were assigned to two feeding groups and fed with diets based on whole-crop silage, kernels and whole-crop cobs from Bt-corn (Bt-MON810) or its isogenic not genetically modified counterpart (CON) as main components. The study included two consecutive lactations. There were no differences in the chemical composition and estimated net energy content of Bt-MON810 and CON corn components and diets. CON feed samples were negative for the presence of Cry1Ab protein, while in Bt-MON810 feed samples the Cry1Ab protein was detected. Cows fed Bt-MON810 corn had a daily Cry1Ab protein intake of 6.0 mg in the first lactation and 6.1 mg in the second lactation of the trial. Dry matter intake (DMI) was 18.8 and 20.7 kg/cow per day in the first and the second lactation of the trial, with no treatment differences. Similarly, milk yield (23.8 and 29.0 kg/cow per day in the first and the second lactation of the trial) was not affected by dietary treatment. There were no consistent effects of feeding MON810 or its isogenic CON on milk composition or body condition. Thus, the present long-term study demonstrated the compositional and nutritional equivalence of Bt-MON810 and its isogenic CON.

Increased leptin storage with altered leptin secretion from adipocytes of rats with sucrose-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance: effect of dietary fish oil

This study examined the effect of long-term feeding a high-sucrose diet (SRD) on the modulation of rat adipocyte's leptin secretion and storage. For this purpose, we analyzed ( a) basal and insulin-stimulated leptin release and the role of isoproterenol and palmitate on insulin-stimulated leptin secretion, ( b) the correlation between leptin and glycerol released, ( c) the relationship between leptin contents and adiposity, and ( d) the effect of fish oil (FO) administration on the above parameters. Wistar rats were fed an SRD for 6 months. Whereas half the animals continued with SRD up to month 8, the other half was fed an SRD in which FO partially replaced corn oil from months 6 to 8. Total leptin release was reduced both basally and under insulin stimulation in SRD-fed rats. However, the ratio of leptin released after hormone stimulation to basal leptin levels was similar in the 3 dietary groups. Isoproterenol inhibited insulin-stimulated leptin release in the 3 groups, but the percentage was lower in the SRD. Palmitic acid mimicked the effect of isoproterenol. Leptin release from adipocyte of SRD-fed rats negatively correlated with glycerol release. Leptin store increased in fat pads of SRD and positively correlated with adiposity. Fish oil reduced leptin content and fat pad hypertrophy, and normalized basal lipolysis, leptinemia, and glucose homeostasis. This suggests that enhanced lipolysis and altered insulin sensitivity could play a role in the decrease of leptin released in SRD-fed rats. This is consistent with the reversion of all the alterations after FO administration.

Effects of Long-Term Feeding Flaxseed on Growth and Carcass Parameters, Ovarian Morphology and Egg Production of Pullets

The growth and reproduction performance and egg production parameters in 128 pullet chicks were monitored during 42 days received 5, 7.5 and 10% Flaxseed (FS) in their diet as a treatment. One-dayold Hy-line W-36 pullet chicks were divided into four groups of Control (C) and treatments (T , T and T ) with 1 2 3 32 pieces in each one and 4 replicates. The chicks received ad libitum feed and water from the first day of age to week 22. Birds were individually penned from week 18 to determine time of oviposition and egg weight and quantity. The mean Body Weight (BW) and Feed Intake (FI) were recorded and calculated every 3 weeks. One pullet from each replicate on week 8 and day of oviposition was sacrified. Then, the weight of internal organs as percentage including: femur, FeW; breast, BrW; heart, HW; spleen, SW; liver, LW; gut, GW; fat cavity, FW; oviduct, ovary and Large Yellow Follicles (LYF) and number of LYF were measured. Our results indicated that as the level of FS increases from 5-7.5% and 10%, the BW and FI reduce, thus FCR increases in pullets. The evaluation of internal organs at 8 week and 1 oviposition, revealed no significant differences th th between treatments and control group. Although, in the 1 time, FS treatments increased HW and LW, but st decreased FW; whereas in the 2 time, FeW, BrW and GW induced and SW and LW reduced. Also, nd reproduction parameters showed reduction in weight of oviduct, ovary and LYF and number of LYF in treatment group. In addition, the weight of egg at oviposition, number of days to photo-stimulation and egg production on week 22 in T increased in birds received FS. Overall, the results indicated that feeding 7.5% 2 of FS to pullets may produce more eggs than other treatments.

Nutritional Aspects of Recycling Plants By-Products and Crop Residues (Corn Stalk) in Sheep

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of long term feeding of sheep with ureated corn stalk with or without addition of molasses on feed intake, ration digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, Ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and ruminal parameters which including PH, ruminal TVFAS and ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The effect of these treatments also on some blood metabolites as (glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HLD-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and BUN (Blood urea Nitrogen). The methods of preparation and storage of corn by-products (green corn and corn stalk) when fed as silage which enriched by urea also by yeast with addition of molasses on the same parameters. One year old six healthy Baladi rams, were used in this work (initial average body weight of 30 kg). They were divided into 3 similar groups (2 rams per each group). Crude protein content of treated corn stalk by 4%urea and /or 5% molasses was increased 75.4% and 113.2% respectively due to increase nitrogen content. Feed intake, EE, Ash, crude fiber, ADF and NDF were also significantly decreased. Total digestible nutrients and Digestion Coefficient of DM, OM, EE , NFE and CP did not show any significant difference. Digestion Coefficient of crude fiber fractions (CF, ADF and NDF) were significantly increased. The ruminal Total VFA values were significantly decreased whereas the ruminal Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly increased. Moreover, blood glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and BUN were increased but total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased in treated groups compared with the control.

Effect of long term feeding of T-2 toxin contaminated diet in young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Effect of long term feeding of T-2 toxin contaminated diet in young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

EFFECT OFCUCURBITA FICIFOLIAFRUIT EXTRACT ON LIPID PROFILE AND ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

ABSTRACT Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) commonly known as pumpkin is a cultivated plant whose fruit can be used for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of long term feeding of C. ficifolia fruit extract on blood glucose, lipid profiles and the oral glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Treatment for 30 days showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and a significant increase in high density lipoprotein level. A significant effect on oral glucose tolerance was also noted. Chronic administration showed an improvement in the oral glucose tolerance curve. These results suggest that C. ficifolia fruit extract exhibits hypoglycemic as well as hypolipidemic effects in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Cucurbita ficifolia, also referred to as pumpkin, is commonly used as a traditional remedy for diabetes in Asia, Africa and South America. The present study investigated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. ficifolia fruit extract in rats with streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Findings from this study demonstrate that C. ficifolia fruit extract has been shown to have, besides hypoglycemic properties, strong hypolipidemic action on diabetic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia as well. Therefore, consumption of C. ficifolia fruit as a therapeutic diet may be useful in the treatment of diabetes.

Short- and long-term effects of feeding hydrolyzed protein infant formulas on growth at ≤6 y of age: results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study

Background: The short- and long-term effects of feeding with hydrolyzed formulas on growth are uncertain.Objective: Our aim was to investigate the potential differences in body mass index (BMI) over the first 6 y of life between infants fed with partially hydrolyzed whey (pHF-W), extensively hydrolyzed whey (eHF-W), extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHF-C), or cow-milk formula (CMF) and infants exclusively breastfed for the first 16 wk of life.Design: We established a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of full-term neonates with atopic heredity in the German birth cohort followed by the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study through the first 6 y of life. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses of absolute and World Health Organization–standardized BMI trajectories for 1840 infants (pHF-W: n = 253; eHF-W: n = 265; eHF-C: n = 250, CMF: n = 276; breastfed: n = 796) were performed.Results: No significant differences in absolute or World Health Organization–standardized BMI trajectories were found among the pHF-W, eHF-W, CMF, and breastfed groups during the 6-y follow-up. However, in the eHF-C group, both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed a significantly slower sex-adjusted BMI gain through the 8th to 48th week of life (–0.1 to –0.2 lower BMI z score) but not beyond. Analyses of weight and length revealed that this difference is due to a slightly diminished weight gain in the first year of life because growth in length did not differ among study groups for the entire follow-up.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first randomized trial investigating both short- and long-term effects of partially and extensively hydrolyzed formula (pHF-W, eHF-W, eHF-C), CMF, and breastfeeding on growth in one trial. Feeding with eHF-C led to a transient lower weight gain in the first year of life. No long-term consequences of different formulas on BMI were observed.

Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile : Recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures

The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet.