Effect Of KNO Research Articles

Enhancing Productivity of Dry-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativaL.) in North-West India Through Foliar Application of Iron and Potassium Nitrate

Low dry matter translocation towards grains in dry-seeded rice (DSR) during the postanthesis period is one of the causes of yield penalty in DSR especially in coarse textured soils as compared with puddle transplanted rice. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of KNO 3 and Fe foliar fertilization for enhanced productivity of DSR in coarse textured soils of north-west India during 2011 and 2012. Seven foliar application treatments [0, 1% Fe (twice), 1% Fe (thrice), 1% KNO 3 (single), 1% KNO 3 (twice), sequential spray of 1% Fe (twice) and 1% KNO 3 (single), sequential spray of Fe (twice) and KNO 3 (twice)] were used. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield in DSR varied from 4.5 to 7.0 and 6.1 to 8.2 t ha-1 during 2011 and 2012 respectively. During both the years, lowest grain yield was noticed in untreated control. Highest grain yield was found with sequential foliar application of Fe (twice) and KNO 3 (single) and this treatment showed superiority among all the treatments during both the years. Grain yield with sequential foliar application of Fe (twice) and KNO 3 (single) increased to the extent of 56 and 35% as compared to untreated control during 2011 and 2012 respectively. Foliar application resulted in an increase in LAI, root weight and volume that caused enhanced uptake of N, K and Fe. Grain number panicle-1 with sequential foliar application of Fe (twice) and KNO 3 (single) were found to increase by 46 and 26% as compared to untreated control during 2011 and 2012 respectively. It was concluded that sequential foliar application of Fe (twice) followed by KNO 3 (single) is beneficial to increase the sink size and finally grain yield in DSR.

Effect of KNO<sub>3</sub> fertilization and rootstock on grapefruit response to reclaimed, salinized water

During the last 50 years world irrigation has doubled while water withdrawal has tripled, leading to a global water crisis. As a result, growers around the world are forced to utilize effluent water for irrigation. In Israel the main source for such water is SHAFDAN, i.e., tertiary-treated waste water, which is characterized by high chloride content that might increase in the future. These days about 33% of Israeli citrus orchards are irrigated with this water, yet its potential effect on citrus orchards is not clear. Citrus is one of the major fruit crops of the world and is relatively salt-sensitive. Recently it was reported that continuous application of KNO3 might reduce chloride (Cl) uptake, and thus overcome the toxic effects of salinity. We examined the effect of KNO3 fertilization and rootstock on grapefruit's response to salinized SHAFDAN reclaimed water over four years. Trees were grafted on five different rootstocks and fertigated with two KNO3 regimes (118 vs. 148 mg 1-1 NO3), and exposed to...

Conditions required for the stimulation of bioluminescence activity of the genetically engineered bacteria, P. putida mt-2 KG1206, preserved by deep-freezing

Herein the conditions required for the stimulation of bioluminescence activity in a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 KG1206, containing the intact TOL plasmid and a constructed plasmid with the P m-lux gene, are reported upon. Both sodium lactate (SL) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3) were able to stimulate the bioluminescence activity, but a greater increase was observed with nitrogen amendment. This selected stimulant was then tested on reconstituted cells that had been preserved by deep-freezing and mixed with pure inducer solution or groundwater samples. The stimulation of bioluminescence activities for deep-frozen strain was in the range of 101–238% of the control. The effect of KNO 3 was found to be dependent on the type of inducers used and the cell conditions. In general, high bioluminescence activity was observed with groundwater samples, contaminated with high inducer compounds. However, no significant correlation was observed between the bioluminescence intensity and the total inducer concentration in the environmental samples contaminated with complex mixtures with inducers. These results should be useful when other recombinant bioluminescence strains are to be used for environmental monitoring. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the stimulant conditions for the bioluminescence activity of genetically engineered bacteria, and suggest the potential for preliminary application of this deep-frozen engineered strain in a field-ready bioassay to conveniently detect or monitor a specific group of environmental contaminants.

Synthesis and processing of AgInO 2 delafossite compounds by cation exchange reactions

In recent years, ternary noble metal oxide compounds based on the delafossite structure have attracted great interest because of their potential use as transparent conductors. In this work, the experimental conditions which affect the synthesis and properties of Ag-based compounds by the cation exchange technique was explored. The reaction between AgNO 3 and NaInO 2 was performed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 °C in air over a period of 48 h or more. With X-ray diffraction, the phase distribution and crystallite size was monitored and related to the experimental conditions. Electron microscopy was also utilized to observe the phase distribution and locate the presence of secondary phases such as Ag metal. From these results, it was concluded that the volume change associated with the NaInO 2 to AgInO 2 transformation affected the delafossite crystallite size. The effects of KNO 3 in promoting the cation exchange reaction were also discussed in terms of stabilizing the AgNO 3:NaNO 3:KNO 3 solution. Finally, it was shown that n-type AgInO 2 with a conductivity of 6 S cm −1 was synthesized by modifying the precursor NaInO 2 phase.

Fluorescence investigation of model compounds for light-emitting alternating copolymers in heterogeneous environments

In this paper, the fluorescence spectra of the model compounds M(TPA-PPV) and M(TPA-PAV) of novel light-emitting alternating copolymers, were studied and the effect of KNO 3 on the interaction between the model compounds and the ionic micelle–water interface was also investigated. The following is found: (i) the fluorescence changes of M(TPA-PPV) are related to the state of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution; (ii) an aggregated state can be formed in M(TPA-PAV) solution at low concentration of CTAB; (iii) higher concentrations of KNO 3 may affect the interaction between the model compounds and the ionic micelle–water interface.

Seed germination and dormancy of new meadowfoam ( Limnanthes spp.) genotypes

Reliable information on the germination characteristics of Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes spp.), a new oilseed crop, will greatly aid in its full commercialization. Soil temperatures above 15–17°C may be common at planting time in western Oregon, and can severely limit seed germination of the cultivar Mermaid. Information on seed germination and dormancy of the new cultivar Floral and more recently developed genetic lines is not available. Effects of three temperature regimes (constant 9°C; and alternating 15 3 and 18 6 °C on 8 16 h cycles), two levels of KNO 3 (0 and 1 g l −1) and two seed pre-conditioning treatments (chilling for 48 h at 1°C, and no chilling) on germination were tested for the older cultivar Mermaid, the new cultivar Floral, and some newer lines developed through selection for high oil yield. Seedling emergence of all entries was also measured in the field. Seed germination varied among genotypes under all temperature treatments; genotype by temperature regime interaction was not significant. Pre-chilling enhanced the initial germination rate of all genotypes, but had little effect on the final number of seeds germinated. The effects of KNO 3 on seed germination varied among genotypes and among temperature regimes, suggesting genetic variation for seed dormancy. Results also indicate that primary and secondary seed dormancy have been reduced in Floral and in several of the new lines. Field emergence most closely correlated with germination under the 15 3 °C regime with zero KNO 3 and no pre-chilling. Selection from existing elite breeding lines for further reductions in dormancy (primary as well as secondary) and improvements of germination seems readily feasible and should contribute to meadowfoam commercialization.

Synergistic induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitrate and benzylaminopurine in detached cucumber cotyledons

Summary Cotyledons dissected from etiolated cucumber seedlings were incubated in test solutions for 24 h in light or in darkness. Nitrate reductase activity was measured according to the in vivo Jaworski's assay. KNO 3 and benzylaminopurine, applied separately, induce NR 2 ) activity in the cotyledons as well in the light as also in the dark. In the former case the final enzyme activity is about three times higher than in the latter one. KNO 3 and BAP applied simultaneously produce a strikingly synergistic effect. KNO 3 alone or KNO 3 and BAP induced NR activity is decreased by cycloheximide and 6-azauracil and not affected by chloramphenicol or L-ethionine. Actinomycin D decreased enzyme activity only in a case when it was applied five hours before application of KNO 3 . All the inhibitors retarded growth and chlorophyll accumulation in the cotyledons. Nitrate reductase activity in BAP treated cotyledons was doubled by cycloheximide in darkness, whereas in KNO 3 treated ones the inhibitor decreased enzyme activity. Actinomycin D in analogous tests in darkness strikingly enhanced the nitrate reductase activity when it was applied either with KNO 3 or BAP. Both inhibitors reduced the synergistic effect of KNO 3 + BAP on NR activity in the dark. It is concluded that [1] nitrate reductase in cucumber cotyledons is synthesized de novo on cytoplasmic polyribosomes. [2] The substrate induction of NR activity in intact cotyledons is controlled by cytokinins which possibly act at the transcription level removing a block that prevents genome expression. [3] Light per se is not required for nitrate reductase synthesis. [4] There is no direct correlation between the expansion of the cotyledons and chlorophyll synthesis on one hand, and the nitrate reductase activity rise on the other hand.

Phase Transitions in KNO3-KNO2 Mixed Crystals

Effects of KNO 2 added to KNO 3 fused crystals on the phase transitions were studied. It turned out that the addition of 3 mol % KNO 2 makes the phase III (ferroelectric phase) unstable, which is consistent with the conclusion from γ-ray irradiation study. With the advantage of absence of the phase III the possibility of growing KNO 3 -KNO 2 single crystals by a double Bridgman method was examined. Transparent crystals were obtained successfully.