Effectiveness Of Immunoprophylaxis Research Articles

THE OPINION OF MEDICAL YOUTH ON VACCINATION FROM CORONAVIRUS DISEASE COVID-19.

The aim: To determine the opinion of 6th year students and interns in the specialty "General Practice - Family Medicine" on vaccination against COVID-19. Materials and methods: We conducted an anonymous online survey of 268 sixth-year students, interns of the first and second year of study in the specialty GP/FM. Research design: 1.Creating a pilot version of the questionnaire based on a literary search. 2.Approbation and discussion of the questionnaire in the focus group. 3.Online surveys of respondents and statistical processing of the data. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 188 students, 48 interns in 1 year of study and 32 interns in 2 years of study. Among interns in 1st and 2nd year of study, the vaccination rate was 95.8% and 93.8%, respectively, among students - 71.3%, which is twice as much as among the general population. 30% did not receive the vaccine they considered most effective, but were vaccinated with the one that was available. Conclusions: The level of vaccination against COVID-19 in future doctors was 78.3%. The most significant reasons for refusing COVID-19 vaccination were past illness (COVID-19) - 24%, fear of vaccination - 24%, uncertainty about the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis - 17.2%. Reasons that stimulated vaccination: the desire to protect against severe COVID-19 - 62.8%, the need to work in the medical field - 49.5%, the desire to protect others from the risks of COVID-19 infection - 38%.

Effect of immunoprophylaxis on reproduction function of highly productive cows

The article describes a method of preventing postpartum obstetric-gynecological diseases and improving cow reproductive function due to the increase of body nonspecific resistance with the application of electropuncture and biopreparation Prevention-N-C (Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia) and Salus-PE (Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia). The cows of the 1st group were injected three times 45-40, 25-20 and 15-10 days before calving intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml/head with the biopreparation Prevention-N-C, and the cows of the 2nd group were injected according to the same scheme and the same term with Salus-PE, and the cows of the 3nd group electropuncture was performed on the Vocal-B device (BIORS, Russia) immediately after childbirth, three times, after 48 h. The use of biopreparations during critical periods of cow steeliness reduced the risks of subinvolution of the uterus, endometritis and mastitis in the postpartum period and increased the reproductive qualities of cows. It has been shown that after the use of Salus-PE, 100% of cows are fertilized, 60% of which are fertilized in the first sexual hunt, and 40% - in the second. The insemination index was 1.4.

The Importance Of Immunoprophylaxis For Tuberculosis (BCG Vaccination)

Vaccination is a costly activity, as it involves coverage of a wide population. Methods to assess the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis and the quality of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures are discussed in this context.

Features of Antibiotic Resistance in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Children and Effectiveness of Immunoprophylaxis

Features of Antibiotic Resistance in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Children and Effectiveness of Immunoprophylaxis

Effectiveness of palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease: The French experience.

There is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effectiveness of palivizumab for decreasing the rate of RSV-related hospitalizations in children under the age of 24 months with chILD treated with corticosteroids. A retrospective national study was conducted in France. Patients born between 2007 and 2013, diagnosed with chILD and on corticosteroid treatment were identified through the French online database for pediatric interstitial lung disease (Respirare(®) ). Data were collected for the etiology and severity of chILD, risk factors and preventive measures for bronchiolitis, palivizumab immunoprophylaxis, and hospitalizations for bronchiolitis and RSV-bronchiolitis. We included and evaluated 24 children during their first two RSV seasons, corresponding to 36 patient-seasons. The observed rate of RSV-related hospitalization (305/1000 patient-seasons), and the median length of stay (7 days), were higher than those for the general population. RSV-related hospitalization rates did not differ significantly between children with and without palivizumab prophylaxis (5/16 vs. 4/18, respectively, P = 0.70). Children with chILD on corticosteroid treatment are at high risk of hospitalization for RSV-bronchiolitis, which tends to be more severe in these children than in the general population. The effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis in this population remains to be demonstrated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:688-695. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Respiratory syncytial virus risk factors in late preterm infants

The key role of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in causing infant morbidity and hospitalizations is worldwide well recognized. The late preterm infants (34–36 weeks of gestational age (WGA)) showed a higher risk of hospitalization for RSV-induced infection as compared with full-term infants and similar to that seen in very preterm infants. In addition to the prematurity, a number of risk factors have been identified in 33–35 WGA infants that are associated with RSV-hospitalization as demonstrated by the Canadian and the Spanish studies. However, prematurity per se is not the only factor, since RSV-hospitalization in the first year of life also occurs in numerous full-term and previously healthy infants. Indeed, a recent case–control study on mostly full-term children showed that chronological age at the beginning of RSV season, low birth weight, and birth order (≥1 sibling) were associated with a higher likelihood to acquire RSV-induced LRTI, severe enough to lead to hospital admission. In order to maximize the cost effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab, the American Academy of Pediatrics have recently updated recommendations resulting in a restriction of its use to infants at highest risk of hospitalization during times when RSV is most likely to be circulating (i.e. in the first 3 months of life for late preterm infants). According to a variety of epidemiologic data in this gestational age group, the risk of exposure should include day-care attendance and having a sibling <5 years of age. However, in an Italian study, in addition to chronological age at the beginning of RSV season, birth weight and birth order were significant predictors for RSV infection with hospitalization. On the basis of the finding that among nations the difference for severe RSV may exist in environmental and demographic risk factors, an ‘International’ tool has been developed based on the data from the Spanish FLIP study to predict the likelihood of RSV-hospitalization in newborns 33–35 WGA.