Effect Of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the vitrification of bovine metaphase II oocytes

Context Although vitrification is commonly used for oocyte cryopreservation, the cryogenic damage results in poor developmental capacity of oocytes after freezing. Nano-cryopreservation is one of the new methods of vitrification developed in recent years. However, the effect of nano-cryopreservation on mature bovine oocytes remains to be elucidated. Aims This study aimed to verify the effect of using hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) on the vitrification of bovine metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes. Methods Bovine MII-stage oocytes were exposed to different HA concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%) in vitrification solution (VS). After IVF (in vitro fertilisation) and IVC (in vitro culture), the toxicity of HA was assessed by cleavage and blastocyst rates. A suitable concentration of HA nanoparticles was selected according to the results of the first experiment. and then vitrification-thawing was measured. The effect of HA on the developmental capacity of oocytes was assessed by oocyte cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the intracellular reactive oxygen levels (ROS) of oocytes were measured by staining with a fluorescence probe (JC-1) and an ROS kit after nano-cryopreservation. Key results The addition of 0.05% HA to the VS did not affect the oocyte morphology; the proportion of oocytes developing with normal morphology was 96.72%. In contrast, this proportion it significantly decreased at a concentration of 0.1% HA in VS (91.69%; P < 0.05). The cleavage rates (56.95% vs 51.20%, 50.67%; P < 0.05) of bovine oocytes exposed to 0.05% HA were significantly higher than in the VS group and VS + 0.1% HA group. After the vitrification-thawing, the oocyte cleavage rates (41.07% vs 33.97%; P < 0.05) and blastocyst rates (12.35% vs 7.38%; P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the VS + 0.05% HA group compared to the VS group. At the 0.05% HA concentration, nano-cryopreserved oocytes had significantly higher MMP (1.35 ± 0.24) and significantly lower ROS (1.43 ± 0.05) than the VS group (P < 0.05, mean ± s.e.m.). Conclusions The addition of 0.05% HA-NPs in VS could promote bovine MII-stage oocytes’ developmental ability after vitrification. This effect may be caused partly by increased mitochondrial membrane activity and decreased ROS. Implications HA-NPs may be a new class of cryoprotective agent suitable as components for oocyte vitrification.

A novel approach to bio-mineralization of electrospun PCL scaffolds by protein and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; molecular dynamics simulation and in-vitro evaluation

The nano-fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds are one of the promising materials for bone tissue engineering. However, the role of protein in the bio-mineralization of PCL fibers is not clear. This study aims to find how a protein (e.g. bovine serum albumin (BSA)) is attached to the hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on the PCL fiber, and it affected the bio-mineralization of a hybrid scaffold. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was utilized to explore the protein and HA attachment. The results of MD simulation indicated that the a(b)-planes of HA crystal and glutamic acid (Glu) from BSA molecule have critical roles in attachment together. In the following, the electrospinning method was applied to synthesize the pristine and hybrid PCL scaffolds to evaluate the MD results. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that BSA could be successfully attached to the HA NPs, and coiled around the PCL-HA junction confirming the MD simulation. To evaluate the bio-mineralization, the in-vitro immersion test in the simulation body fluid (SBF) solution and the cytocompatibility of scaffolds by the MG63 osteosarcoma cells were studied. The results indicated better osteoconduction and bone regeneration for the hybrid PCL- BSA-HA scaffold because of the synergic effects of HA NPs and BSA protein.

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on wettability and brine-oil interfacial tension as enhance oil recovery mechanisms

A novel concept of utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to boost oil recovery and reduce entrapped oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs is being explored. The use of nanofluids (NFs) flooding to change wettability and reduce interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water has been shown to be highly effective in experiments. Preparation and modification methods influence the performance of NPs. The application of hydroxyapatite NPs (HAP) in EOR has yet to be investigated. HAP was synthesized in this study using the co-precipitation method and in-situ surface functionalization with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate SDS to visualize it effect on IFT reduction and wettability alteration under different salinity and temperature settings. To confirm the synthesis of HAP, zeta potential (ZP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size analysis (PSA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy dispersive X–ray (EDX) spectra were used respectively. According to the results, HAP was produced, and the particles were finely distributed and stable in aqueous solution. When the pH was altered from 1 to 13, the particles' surface charge rose from -5mV to −27mV, showing long-term stability in EOR processes. At salinity range from 5000 ppm to 30,000 ppm, and under temperature range from 25ᵒC to 80ᵒC, the HAP NFs changed the wettability of sandstone core from oil–wet at 111.7° to water–wet at 9.0°. In addition, at 0.1 wt% HAP concentration, the IFT was lowered to 3 mN/m. As a result, the HAP NF proved very effective in reducing IFT and altering wettability under both low and high salinity environments, and it is thus suggested for EOR operations.

“Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles On Compressive strength and Flexural strength of Dental Composites Using Taguchi Method”

Abstract: Several composite materials are being used in biomedical and dental field with their immense applications to repair and transform various organs in human body. Recent advances suggest that Hydroxyapatite is one of the most reliable and widely used inorganic composite in dentistry. Desirable applications of Hydroxyapatite are achieved by utilizing variety of hydroxyapatite and their composites. This study was conducted to evaluate the compressive & flexural strength. Cylindrical specimens (n=9) for compressive strength & rectangular shaped specimens (n=9) for flexural strength were made according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Dental composite is using quartz, silica, and alumina glass as filler for a long time. Taguchi optimization technique keeps the experimentation within limit giving valid product in the calculating of compressive and flexural strength optimization. The goal of the work is to detect the best combination of composite materials. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Taguchi’s optimization method.

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Nitrogen Plasma Treatment on Osteoblast Biological Behaviors of 3D-Printed HDPE Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications.

The need for the repair of bone defects has been increasing due to various causes of loss of skeletal tissue. High density polyethylenes (HDPE) have been used as bone substitutes due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In the present study, we investigated the preosteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation on the adding nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) particles into HDPE scaffold and treating HDPE/n-HAp scaffolds with nitrogen (N2) plasma. The three-dimensional (3D) HDPE/n-HAp scaffolds were prepared by fused modeling deposition 3D printer. The HDPE/n-HAp was blended with 10 wt% of n-HAp particle. The scaffold surface was reactive ion etched with nitrogen plasma to improve the preosteoblast biological response in vitro. After N2 plasma treatment, surfaces characterizations were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells were evaluated by MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The incorporation of n-HAp particles and N2 plasma surface treatment showed the improvement of biological responses of MC3T3-E1 cells in the HDPE scaffolds.

Mechanism of Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Cancer Cells and Recent Advances in the Field

Background: Calcium phosphates are chemically similar to bone minerals. The biocompatibility, bioactivity, and high similarity of these substances to body organs such as bone have made them a good choice for disease diagnosis and treatment. Here, the main use of calcium phosphates is diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Hydroxyapatite is a bioactive material with a high affinity for DNA and protein. Recently, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles exhibit different properties than those of bulk hydroxyapatite in chemistry and biology. In general, the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been attributed to high amounts of endocytosis in cancer cells and inhibits of protein synthesis in cells. Methods: Herein, we evaluated the structure, properties, and methods of synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Moreover, the mechanism of inhibition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on cancer cells and recent advances in this field have been examined. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles had the ability to eliminate the development of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In the live tissue environment, injection of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles at the tumor’s surrounding area had a significant decrease in tumor size (about 50%).

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus with respect to seedling growth and two plant metabolites

The introduction of novel agrochemical formulations containing nanotechnology based products has shown much promise in agronomy with respect to sustainable plant growth. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) form one such nano-fertilizer, which has recently drawn much interest and is recommended as an effective source of phosphorus. However, the effects of HANPs on plants have raised some concerns, as its application and safety for this purpose is not well documented. In this study, raw HANPs were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation and the successful synthesis was confirmed by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effect of synthesized raw HANPs was evaluated based on the growth of seedlings and two metabolite contents of Raphanus sativus (Radish), which was used as the model plant. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the internalization of HANPs and their transformation to tricalcium and tetracalcium phosphates in the roots of R. sativus. The plants that were grown in sand and coir media containing raw HANPs showed significant enhancement with respect to shoot elongation, root elongation and dry biomass, without having any significant effect on the soluble protein and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) content, up to a concentration of 10,000 mg/L. Thus, the present investigation confirmed that the presence of 10,000 mg/L of raw HANPs had no toxic effects on R. sativus, validating the possibility of using it as a potential nontoxic source of phosphorus for crops.

Studies on the Inhibitory Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Loaded As₂O₃ on Hepatoma Cells.

A stable monodisperse hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle suspension was prepared by chemical method-assisted ultrasound irradiation. HAP nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and particle size potentiometry. The effects of HAP nanoparticles on BEL-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells were studied by MTT colorimetric assay and morphological observation. The mechanism of HAP nanoparticles was studied by analyzing single cell fluorescence element microregion, the change of ultrastructure and cell cycle. The experimental results show that HAP nanoparticles have an obvious inhibitory effect on BEL-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. By entering the cancer cells and blocking the progress of cell cycle, HAP nanoparticles induce the accumulation of cells in G1 phase, which leads to cancer cell swelling and apoptosis.

Effect of in ovo application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on chicken embryo development, oxidative status and bone characteristics

ABSTRACT Intensive selection in modern lines of fast-growing chickens has caused several skeletal disorders. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bones of birds. A new potential solution is in ovo technology using nanoparticles with a high specificity for the bone tissue. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NP) in different concentrations (50, 100 and 500 μg/ml colloids) on chicken embryo development, with a particular focus on the oxidative status and bone characteristics of the embryo. The results showed that in ovo treatment with HA-NP did not negatively affect hatchability and body weight. However, bone weight was reduced in 500 μg/ml group. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and crude ash were not affected. The modulatory effect of HA-NP was observed on the basis of antioxidative markers – superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde in serum and selected tissues. Glutathione concentration in serum suggested higher metabolic stress. Among bone turnover markers, the concentration of osteocalcin was found to be significantly affected by HA-NP injection. Thus, the in ovo application of HA-NP could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis but these changes were not reflected in embryo growth and even slowed down bone development. Nevertheless, the question for the follow-up research is whether in ovo administration of HA-NP would affect the antioxidative status and bone turnover resulting in improved bone conditions and body gain in post hatch chickens.

Preparation of Shape Memory Polyurethane/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds by Electrospinning Method and Investigation of Their Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Properties

ABSTRACT A facile method was used for fabricating in-situ-polymerized shape memory polyurethane (PU) hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposite scaffolds through electrospinning. The chemical structure and hydrogen bonding index (HBI) content were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline morphology was analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg ) and degree of crystallinity. The results revealed that HA nanoparticles provide significant reinforcement of PU. Furthermore, incorporation of HA nanoparticles improved the shape memory properties of nanocomposites. The effect of HA nanoparticles on PU/HA electrospun fiber diameter, porosity, mechanical, and shape memory properties were examined.

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on electrochemical and mechanical performance of TiC/N coating fabricated by plasma electrolytic saturation method

In this study the hybrid Plasma Electrolytic Saturation-Electrophoretic Deposition (PES-EPD) method was used to deposit TiC/N + Hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coating on NiTi alloy. The Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that TiC0.2N0.8 and NiTiO3 were formed after the deposition process. Also, HA nanoparticles incorporated to the coating without any decomposition or reaction with the other phases. To evaluate the effect of HA nanoparticles on structural, mechanical and electrochemical performance of TiC/N coating, the field emission scanning electron microscope, the nano-indentation test and potentiodynamic polarization test were utilized. The results confirmed that, TiC/N + HA composite coating had low porosities and dense microstructure in comparison with TiC/N coating. Likewise, corrosion resistance of the composite coating in Ringer's solution was higher than TiC/N coating. Such behavior was related to the embedded HA nanoparticles in the coating which fill the coating porosities. The nano-indentation test results revealed that the incorporation of HA nanoparticles in TiC/N coating decreases its hardness and elastic modulus due to lower hardness and elastic modulus of hydroxyapatite than TiC/N.

Strontium/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Norcantharidin Composite That Inhibits Osteosarcoma and Promotes Osteogenesis In Vitro.

Hydroxyapatite can deliver drugs, and its composite material is capable of repairing bone defects in tumors. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of composite materials on tumor growth inhibition and bone growth induction. Composites containing drug delivery compounds were synthesized by coprecipitation and freeze-drying and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-SHAP) on proliferation of an osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) and an osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated, and its mechanism was studied. The use of nano-SHAP alone did not affect the proliferation of normal cell lines. However, nanoparticles containing different amounts of norcantharidin in the composite materials and had different inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma and different effects on osteoblasts. And, with the increase of the content of norcantharidin, the antitumor performance of the composite has been enhanced. In summary, the nano-SHAP system developed in this study is a drug delivery material that can inhibit the growth of tumors and induce the proliferation of osteoblasts.

Application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in tumor-associated bone segmental defect.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely applied in bone repair because of its superior biocompatibility. Recently, a proliferation-suppressive effect of HA nanoparticles (n-HA) against various cancer cells was reported. This study was aimed at assessing the translational value of n-HA both as a bone-regenerating material and as an antitumor agent. Inhibition of tumor growth, prevention of metastasis, and enhancement of the survival rate of tumor-bearing rabbits treated with n-HA were demonstrated. Activated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in vivo was confirmed, and we observed that a stimulated immune response was involved in the n-HA-induced antitumor effect. A porous titanium scaffold loaded with n-HA was fabricated and implanted into a critical-sized segmental bone defect in a rabbit tumor model. The n-HA-releasing scaffold not only showed a prominent effect in suppressing tumor growth and osteolytic lesion but also promoted bone regeneration. These findings provide a rationale for using n-HA in tumor-associated bone segmental defects.

Effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on enamel remineralization and estimation of fissure sealant bond strength to remineralized tooth surfaces: an in vitro study

BackgroundThe management of noncavitated caries lesions before sealant therapy is a clinical challenge when the tooth needs sealant application. Sealing noncavitated carious lesions in pits and fissures may lead to failure of the fissure sealant (FS) due to incomplete sealing. Therefore the use of remineralizing agents such as nanoparticles has been suggested. This study investigated the ability of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HA) to remineralize enamel, and their effect on sealant microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS).MethodsA total of 192 third molars were demineralized and pretreated with two concentrations of nano-HA with and without sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), followed by phosphoric acid etching and resin FS application. The study groups were 1) etching + FS, 2) etching + nano-HA 0.15% + FS, 3) etching + nano-HA 0.03% + FS, 4) etching + mixture of nano-HA 0.15% and SHMP 0.05% + FS, 5) etching + mixture of nano-HA 0.03% + SHMP 0.01% + FS. The laboratory tests included microleakage in 50 teeth, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation in 10 samples, and SBS in 100 samples. Enamel remineralization changes were evaluated in 32 teeth with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).ResultsNano-HA enhanced the SBS to remineralized enamel in a large percentage of nanoparticles. Mean SBS in group 2 was significantly greater than in groups 1, 3 and 4 (all P < 0.05). SBS was related to nano-HA concentration: nano-HA 0.15% yielded greater SBS (16.8 ± 2.7) than the 0.03% concentration (14.2 ± 2.1). However, its effect on microleakage was not significant. Nano-HA with or without SHMP led to enhanced enamel remineralization; however, the Calcium (Ca)/Phosphate (P) weight percent values did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). SEM images showed that SHMP did not affect sealant penetration into the deeper parts of fissures. FESEM images showed that adding SHMP led to increased nanoparticle dispersal on the tooth surface and less cluster formation.ConclusionsThe ultraconservative approach (combining nano-HA 0.15% and SHMP) and FS may be considered a minimal intervention in dentistry to seal demineralized enamel pits and fissures.

Nano genome altas (NGA) of body wide organ responses

Nanoparticles are widely developed and utilized in the pharmaceutical and medicine industry, as they can be easily distributed and infiltrated throughout the whole body once administered; however, the body wide effect of nanoparticles infiltration is still unclear. In this study, we developed a new strategy of Nano Genome Altas (NGA) of multi-tissues to study the acute Body-wide-Organ-Transcriptomic response to nanomaterials. Hydroxyapatite(HA)-Nanoparticles (HANPs) was applied in this study as an example both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the effect of HANPs is organ specific and mainly related to immune responses in spleen and muscle, proliferation in spleen and bone, stress and apoptosis in spleen and PBMC, ion transport in spleen, kidney, and liver tissues, metabolism in heart, spleen, and muscle, as well as tissue specific epigenetic and signal pathways. In vitro experiments also confirmed that the effects of HANPs on different tissue stem cells were tissue specific. Thus, Nano Genome Altas can provide a body-wide view of the transcriptomic response of multiple organs and tissue specific stem cells to HANPs; it could also be useful for optimizing HANPs and other nano-delivery systems.

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on the Behavior of Calcium, Silicate, and Phosphate in Cane Juice Treatment

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on the Behavior of Calcium, Silicate, and Phosphate in Cane Juice Treatment

Enhanced antibacterial activity, mechanical and physical properties of alginate/hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite film

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) contents on the antibacterial activity, physical, and mechanical properties of sodium alginate (SA) film was scrutinized. The samples were prepared via incorporation of three different concentrations of HA NPs (1%, 3%, and 5%) into alginate solution at ambient temperature. In all SA/HA matrices, HA NPs demonstrated considerable bactericidal activity against foodborne pathogen during 12 days. The highest antibacterial effect of SA film was obtained in the presence of 5%HA NPs content and showed 3 CFU/mg reduction. In comparison to pristine alginate, different HA NPs additives enhanced elongation, tensile strength and moisture content of the nanocomposite films. Moreover, water solubility and water vapor permeability of the bionanocomposite were considerably reduced by 50% as the concentration of HA NPs content up to 5%.

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on occlusion of dental tubules for treating dentinal sensitivity

Commercialized hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were used to make anti-sensitivity toothpaste. The toothpaste was used to apply on dentin surface daily. The HA facilitated more remineralization effect as the applied time was longer. The new remineralized layer led to more intensive infrared peak of phosphate (PO4) on the dentin.

The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Due to its excellent biocompatibility, nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA) has drawn much attention for various applications in biomedical fields. There are growing concerns about its biosecurity; however, little is known about its effects on adipogenesis. In the present study, nHA with three different sizes were synthesized, and the in vitro effects of nHA on cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated. The results clearly show that nHA does not affect the cell viability, the lipids droplets formation, triglyceride (TG) synthesis, and the expression of adipogenic marker genes/proteins of hMSCs at concentrations lower than 50 μg/mL. It is concluded that the adipogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs is not affected by nHA at noncytotoxic concentrations. These will provide a reference for the applications of nHA in biomedical fields. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1822-1831, 2018.

Effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on liver enzymes and blood components

Effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on liver enzymes and blood components