Effect Of Hydrophilic Polymers Research Articles

Effect of hydrophilic polymers on the solubility and dissolution enhancement of rivaroxaban/beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

BCS class II drugs exhibit low aqueous solubility and high permeability. Such drugs often have an incomplete or erratic absorption profile. This study aimed to predict the effects of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and different hydrophilic polymers (poloxamer 188 (PXM-188), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and soluplus (SOLO)) on the saturated solubility and dissolution profile of hydrophobic model drug rivaroxaban (RIV). Binary inclusion complex with βCD were prepared by kneading and solvent evaporation method, at drug to cyclodextrin weight molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. Saturated solubility of the hydrophobic model moiety was evaluated with βCD to explore the increment in saturated solubility. Dissolution test was carried out to assess the drug release from the produced binary inclusion complex in the aqueous medium. Solid state analysis was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. When compared to pure drug, the binary complex (Drug: βCD at molar ratio of 1:2 w/w) demonstrated the best performance in terms of enhanced solubility and drug release. Furthermore, ternary inclusion complex was prepared with hydrophilic polymers SOLO, PVP K-30 and PXM-188 at 0.5%,1%,2.5%,5% and 10% w/w to optimized binary formulation RIV:βCD (1:2) prepared by kneading (KN) and solvent evaporation (S.E) method. The findings demonstrated that among ternary formulations (1:2 Drug: βCD: SOLO 10% S.E) manifested greatest improvement in saturated solubility and dissolution rate. Results of solubility enhancement and improvement in dissolution profile of model drug by ternary inclusion complexation were also supported by FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM analysis. So, it can be concluded that the ternary inclusion systems were more effective compared to the binary combinations in improving solubility as well as dissolution of hydrophobic model drug rivaroxaban.

Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on the Release Rate and Pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir Tablets Obtained by Wet Granulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of producing acyclovir-containing modified release matrix tablets by a wet granulation method based on the type and concentration of two pharmaceutical-grade hydrophilic matrix polymers (i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carbomers, and their combinations) commonly used in biomedical applications. The mechanical properties of the tablets and in vitro and in vivo performance were studied. The physicochemical properties of the raw materials and corresponding physical mixtures were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, showing that the hydrophilic polymers did not influence the physicochemical properties of the drug. The wet granulation process improved the flow and compression properties of the obtained granules. This method enabled the preparation of the matrix tablets of acyclovir with appropriate mechanical properties concerning hardness and friability. The drug release kinetics was governed by the type and concentration of the hydrophilic polymers composing the matrices. The study has proven that HPMC-composed tablets were superior in modified drug release properties compared to carbomer- and HPMC/carbomer-based tablets. Mathematical analysis of the release profiles, determined in a medium adjusted to pH 1.2 followed by pH 7.4, revealed that the drug released from the hydrophilic tablets followed non-Fickian first-order kinetics. An optimal HPMC-based formulation submitted to accelerated stability studies (40 °C, 75% RH) was stable for three months. A complete cross-over bioavailability study of the selected acyclovir-loaded sustained release tablets and marketed immediate-release tablets were compared in six healthy male volunteers. The extent of drug absorption from the sustained release tablets was significantly greater than that from immediate-release pills, which may improve the drug’s antiviral properties attributed to the lower elimination rate and enhanced acyclovir half-life.

Effect of hydrophilic polymer and binder on drug release of metformin HCl sustained release tablet

To develop an oral sustained release Metformin HCl tablet by wet granulation technique, using different grades of hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in different concentration and by varying binder concentrations. Metformin HCl was received as gift sample while all other excipients of analytical grade were procured from the market. Formulation optimization was done by three ways to select optimum formula for preparing sustained release matrix tablet. Trail batches were prepared by altering the hydrophilic polymers as well as binder concentration and all the batches are evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In first step, concentration of HPMC K4M is optimized by preparing three trial batches while in second step and third step concentration of HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M is optimized by next three-three batches respectively. Amount of HPMC is optimized to 240mg. The drug release of all the optimized HPMC batches were evaluated for in-vitro drug release study in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution in comparison with marketed formulation. Drug identification was performed by melting point determination, FTIR, UV and solubility determination. After pre-compression and post-compression evaluation we get the appropriate result in B3, B6 and B9 batches.

Effect of hydrophilic polymer on solubility and taste masking of linezolid in multi-component cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Physicochemical characterization and molecular docking

The current work deals with the effect of hydrophilic polymer in a multi-component β-cyclodextrin (βCD) inclusion complex for enhancement of solubility and taste masking ability of linezolid (LZ). The phase solubility studies indicated the formation of 1:1 M stoichiometric ratio of LZ to βCD in all complexes in presence or absence of hydrophilic polymer (HPMC e5LV). The high stability constant (Ks; 1089 M−1, 1393 M−1), complexation efficiency (CE; 3.347, 3.761) and more negativity of Gibbs free energy (ΔG; −238.69, −1019.61) of ternary complexes in presence of 2.5% w/v and 5% w/v of HPMCe5LV was compared with binary system (Ks, 1024 M−1: CE, 2.571: ΔG, −59.91), which resulted in the improved complexation stability and solubilizing efficiencies. Solid inclusion complexes of LZ-βCD were prepared in 1:0.3 M ratio by kneading, co-evaporation, physical mixing and microwave irradiation methods with or without addition of HPMC e5LV. The drug content, solubility, dissolution and taste masking of LZ in ternary complexes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the binary complexes. The lowest MDT value (0.34 ± 0.007), highest value of DE (30mts) (28.9 ± 0.05) and R (15mts) (70.33 ± 0.57) were observed in case of solid inclusion complexes prepared by microwave irradiation method. The negative binding affinity found in molecular docking indicated the high stability of the ternary complex. No interaction was found in LZ, βCD and HPMC e5LV when analyzed by FTIR study. XRD and DSC results revealed that more amorphization of LZ in presence of βCD and HPMC e5LV. It infers that the multi-component system by microwave irradiation method can be a promising approach for increasing solubility with better palatability.

Effect of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid on hydration and structure of wheat gluten

In recent years, hydrocolloids have been used extensively as enhancers in dough products. However, studies on the effect of hydrophilic polymers on wheat gluten (WG) within the dough are scarce. In the present study, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a new and healthy food additive, was added to the WG to investigate its effect on hydration, rheological properties, and structures of WG. Results showed that with the addition of γ-PGA, the water-holding capacity (WHC) of WG and the content of bound water increased, whereas the content of immobilized water decreased. In addition, γ-PGA changed the rheological properties of WG. The elastic properties of WG gradually weakened and the viscous properties gradually increased. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that with the addition of γ-PGA, the structure of the WG network became more uniform and the pore size was smaller. A change also occurred in the secondary structure of WG, in which the α-helix content was significantly reduced while the contents of β-turn angles were significantly increased, thereby suggesting that γ-PGA not only functions as a filler in the WG system, but also interacts with WG. From the present study, we conclude that γ-PGA can interact with WG and water to change the WG secondary structure. γ-PGA can also restrict moisture migration and enhance the WHC of WG, thereby changing the WG microstructure and improving its functional properties. This condition provides the basis for γ-PGA to be recommended as WG enhancer for addition in WG-containing products such as bread, seitan (meat replacement), and others. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: WG performance plays a key role in the quality of flour products. Thus, many studies have been conducted to improve the WG quality to produce highly popular flour products. The results of this study showed that γ-PGA can interact with WG and water, and had a good effect on improving the WHC of WG, which means that γ-PGA has potential usefulness in improving the quality of WG and WG-containing products such as bread, seitan (meat replacement), and others.

Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on Complexation Efficiency of Cyclodextrins in Enhancing Solubility and Release of Diflunisal.

The effects of three hydrophilic polymers, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poloxamer-188 (PXM-188) on the solubility and dissolution of diflunisal (DIF) in complexation with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), were investigated. The kneading method was used at different drug to cyclodextrin weight ratios. Increases in solubility and drug release were observed with the DIF/βCD and DIF/HPβCD complexes. The addition of hydrophilic polymers at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% w/w markedly improved the complexation and solubilizing efficiency of βCD and HPβCD. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) showed that DIF was successfully included into the cyclodextrin cavity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed stronger drug amorphization and entrapment in the molecular cage of cyclodextrins. The addition of PVA, CMC-Na or PXM-188 reduced further the intensity of the DIF endothermic peak. Most of the sharp and intense peaks of DIF disappeared with the addition of hydrophilic polymers. In conclusion, PXM-188 at a weight ratio of 10.0% w/w was the best candidate in enhancing the solubility, stability and release of DIF.

Application of Super Absorbent Polymer and Plant Mucilage Improved Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Ocimum basilicum var. Keshkeni Luvelou.

One of the major factors limiting the production of medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid areas is water deficit or drought stress. One-third of the land in the world is arid and semi-arid and is inhabited by nearly 4 × 108 people. Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) is a valuable medicinal plant that is sensitive to water deficit, and water shortage negatively affects sweet basil yield and quality. Water availability in the root zone of basil could ameliorate the negative effects of water shortage. To the best of our knowledge, although the effects of hydrophilic polymers (HPs) have been studied in different agricultural crops, the effects of HP application in medicinal plants have not been previously investigated. This investigation was conducted to explore the effects on water use efficiency when using Stockosorb® (STS) and psyllium seed mucilage (PSM) as hydrophilic polymers (HPs) and the effects of these HPs on essential oil quality, quantity, and yield. The research was set up in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replications. We used two HPs, STS (industrial) and PSM (herbal), with two methods of application (mixed with soil, mixed with soil + root) at four concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/w)). Results showed that the STS and PSM significantly increased the dry herb yield (both shoot and root) in comparison to the control, and the improving effect was higher when these HPs were mixed with soil + root. The highest dry herb yield (6.74 and 3.68 g/plant for shoot and root, respectively) was detected in the PSM at 0.1% mixed with soil + root. There was not any significant difference in dry herb yield among PSM (0.1%), PSM (0.2%), and STS (0.2%) when mixed with soil + root. Soil application of PSM and soil + root application of STS at a concentration of 0.3% increased the Essential Oil (EO) content almost three-fold in comparison to the control (0.5% and 0.52% to 0.18% v/w, respectively). The maximum essential oil yield was recorded in plants treated with STS (0.2% in) or PSM (0.1%) by soil + root application (0.21 and 0.19 mL/plant, respectively). PSM at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% (mixed with soil + root) showed the highest water use efficiency (1.91 and 1.82 g dry weight (DW)/L H2O, respectively). STS mixed with soil also significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) in comparison to the control. The application of these HPs improved the quality of sweet basil essential oil by increasing the linalool and decreasing the eugenol, epi-α-cadinol, and trans-α-bergamotene content.

Aqueous solubility of kinase inhibitors: I the effect of hydrophilic polymers on their γ-cyclodextrin solubilization

Most small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors (KIs) are neutral or weakly basic lipophilic compounds with very poor solubility in aqueous media that decreases their ability to permeate biological membranes from an aqueous exterior and consequently bestow them with low bioavailability after oral and topical administration. Cyclodextrin (CD) complexation can increase water-solubility of poorly soluble drugs without affecting their ability to permeate biological membranes. The aim of the present study was to enhance aqueous solubility of six KIs that is axitinib, cediranib, dovitinib, motesanib, pazopanib and regorafenib, through formation of drug/γ-cyclodextrin (γCD)/polymer ternary complexes. The complexes were prepared in an aqueous environment by heating technique. The phase-solubility profiles showed formation of binary KI/γCD complexes of Bs-type. γCD alone had significant solubilizing effect on dovitinib (stability constant (K1:1) = 684 M−1 and complexation efficacy (CE) = 0.011). The aqueous solubility of the binary KI/γCD complexes was pH-dependent. Hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr) was the most effective polymer of the ones tested. The ternary complexes formed nano-sized aggregates with diameter between 200 and 400 nm. Osmolarity and pH were also monitored. TEM study showed formation of complex aggregates in aqueous media.

Effervescent floating tablets of metformin HCl developed by melt granulation. Part I: Effect of hydrophilic polymer on biopharmaceutical properties

Effervescent floating tablets of metformin HCl developed by melt granulation. Part I: Effect of hydrophilic polymer on biopharmaceutical properties

Effect of hydrophilic polymers on seed germination and plant survival for sloping area

In this study, Super-AB-A-300 polymer was used for amendment of water holding on a steep surface. The hydrophilic polymer in three levels was blended with sandy soil. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the evaporation rate, water retention capability, and saturated water content of polymer-treated soils, for determination of plant survival and seed germination rate by cylinder and steep surface experiments. According to the results, sandy soil treated by a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) showed a significant rise of the soil water holding compared with the controls. In addition, in polymer-treated soils, there were significantly more sprouting seeds than in the controls. The survival times of ligneous and grass plants were lengthened under water scarcity. The treatment with 0.4% polymer was the optimal choice for sandy soil amendment on a steep surface.

Studies on effect of hydrophilic polymers on physicochemical properties of itraconazole cocrystals

Studies on effect of hydrophilic polymers on physicochemical properties of itraconazole cocrystals

Incorporation of Lamotrigine Drug in the PEO–PPO–PEO Triblock Copolymer (Pluronic F127) Micelles: Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers

AbstractThe hydrophobic drug Lamotrigine (LTG) shows low bioavailability after oral administration. Work has been performed to improve the aqueous solubility of LTG using the micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers. Polyethylene oxide‐ polypropylene oxide‐ polyethylene oxide triblock copolymers (PEO–PPO–PEO), known as Pluronic®, have been the subject of current interest due to the versatile structural possibilities of varying PEO/PPO ratios. Incorporation of LTG in the aqueous micellar solutions of Pluronic® F127 was investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. The shapes and size of the micelles with and without LTG have been ascertained using dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering experiments. Results show increase in the Pluronic® micellar size with hard sphere radius with the incorporation of LTG. The effect of hydrophilic polymers (PEG1500 and F68) on the LTG‐incorporated Pluronic® F127 micelles was also studied and found inefficient for enhancement of the solubility of LTG. Solid forms of LTG‐incorporated Pluronic® F127 micelles with and without hydrophilic polymers, coded as LPMs, were successfully prepared through the thin‐film hydration method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis have been used to ensure the compatibility of the LTG with Pluronic® F127 micelles in prepared LPMs. All the LPMs showed good incorporation efficiency, loading capacity and the sustained release profile of LTG. Results showed no specific improvement with the addition of hydrophilic polymers in the studied concentration range.

저관리 용기일체형 벽면녹화에서 황금줄사철과 송악의 초기활착에 미치는 친수성 중합체의 효용성

저관리 용기일체형 벽면녹화에서 황금줄사철과 송악의 초기활착에 미치는 친수성 중합체의 효용성

Effect of hydrophilic polymers on the wettability, static and dynamic, of solid substrate covered by confluent monolayer of air-damaged SIRC cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible implementation of hydrophilic polymers as recovery agents in air-damaged corneal cells. The sessile bubble technique was implemented to measure the wetting properties of four selected polymers: hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), sodium chondroitin sulphate (SCS), hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) and poloxamer F127 (PO12), at equilibrium conditions and in the case of advancing and receding contact angle. For testing the wetting properties of the polymers, glass slides covered with a confluent monolayer of Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea (SIRC) cells were used. HEC showed best properties for a broad concentration range, as the polymer showed capability to maintain low values of the static (equilibrium) contact angle (average static contact angle – 36.07˚, compared to average static compact angles of HPMC – 38.44˚, PO12 – 38.92˚ and SCS – 37.85˚), i.e. better wettability. Sessile bubble technique provides quick, relatively simple and reliable approach for testing surface properties of the listed polymers. The nature of the surface damage produced by the exposition of SIRC cells was used as a plausible model of evaporative dry eye syndrome, and thus the results may have clinical implementation.

Effect of hydrophilic polymers on isradipine complexation with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin

Complexation of isradipine with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in the presence and absence of 3 hydrophilic polymers—polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)—was investigated with an objective of evaluating the effect of hydrophilic polymers on the complexation and solubilizing efficiencies of HPβCD and on the dissolution rate of isradipine from the HPβCD complexes. The phase solubility studies indicated the formation of isradipine-HPβCD inclusion complexes at a 1:1M ratio in solution in both the presence and the absence of hydrophilic polymers. The complexes formed were quite stable. Addition of hydrophilic polymers markedly improved the complexation and solubilizing efficiencies of HPβCD. Solid inclusion complexes of isradipine-HPβCD were prepared in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios by the kneading method, with and without the addition of hydrophilic polymers. The solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine were significantly improved by complexation with HPβCD. The isradipine-HPβCD (1:2) inclusion complex yielded a 9.66-fold increase in the dissolution rate of isradipine. The addition of hydrophilic polymers also markedly improved the dissolution rate of isradipine from HPβCD complexes: a 11.72-, 17.01-, and 39.23-fold increase was observed with PVP, PEG, and HPMC respectively. X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry indicated stronger drug amorphization and entrapment in HPβCD because of the combined action of HPβCD and the hydrophilic polymers.

Effect of hydrophilic polymer on complexing efficiency of cyclodextrins towards efavirenz-characterization and thermodynamic parameters

The present work describes the effect of PVP on the complexation efficiency of cyclodextrins towards efavirenz, a poorly soluble antiretroviral agent imparting irritating sensation to buccal cavity. The phase solubility study indicates 1:1 stoichiometry for binary and ternary systems. DSC and XRPD revealed complete inclusion only in the lyophilized systems. The ternary systems were autoclaved before being lyophilized for the best results. Proton NMR suggests that the chlorobenzene part of benzoxazinone ring of the drug is involved in inclusion and was confirmed by 2D-COESY. The thermodynamic parameters, indicative of complexation efficiency were calculated calorimetrically by determining the interaction enthalpy of efavirenz with cyclodextrins in the presence and absence of PVP. The value of stability constants increased in the order β-CD < HP-β-CD < M-β-CD and is still higher in the presence of PVP illustrating the facilitation of the inclusion. Molar enthalpy of interaction of autoclaved solid formulation determined calorimetrically indicated stronger interaction for efavirenz:M-βCD-PVP system (−12.20 kJ/mol) which showed highest solubility and dissolution rate. The in vitro measurement of permeability showed a ten fold increase in the flux for the autoclaved formulation containing efavirenz-M-β-CD-PVP. In conclusion, encapsulation by cyclodextrins increases the solubility and suppresses the oral irritation of efavirenz. PVP further increases the complexation efficiency and decreases the bulk of cyclodextrins.

Formulation and characterization of naked DNA and complexed DNA loaded polymer films

Sustained release of DNA from polymeric films is of considerable interest for enhanced and prolonged gene therapy. This report describes the detailed studies of the formulation of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) and complexed DNA-incorporated polymer films and in vitro release of the DNA. The effect of hydrophilic polymers (PEG, HA) also studied to modulate the release of pDNA and complexed DNA (lipoplex) from slow biodegradable polymer (PCL) films. The polymer system consists of a biodegradable semi-crystalline polymer (PCL) blended with a hydrophilic polymer such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) or hyaluronic acid (HA). For the release of pDNA (naked DNA), a burst effect was always seen, and the addition of HA and PEG did not suppress the burst release of pDNA from PCL films. For complexed pDNA (lipoplex), the release was slow, but it could be accelerated using additives such as PEG or HA. The transfection efficiency of the complexed DNA and the naked pDNA was determined in vitro using COS 7cells to evaluate the bioactivity of the released DNA. Transfection was observed from released lipoplexes samples from PCL/HA film. Overall, this work suggested that these polymeric DNA delivery systems are promising for the local sustained release of DNA from implanted films.

Effect of hydrophilic polymers on buccoadhesive eudragit patches of propranolol hydrochloride using factorial design

The purpose of this study was to develop formulations and systematically evaluate in vitro performances of buccoadhesive patches of propranolol hydrochloride using the hydrophobic polymer Eudragit L-100 as the base matrix. The hydrophilic polymers Carbopol 934 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were incorporated into the Eudragit patches, to provide the patches with bioadhesive properties and to modify the rate of drug release. The patches, which were prepared by the solvent casting method, were smooth and elegant in appearance; were uniform in thickness, weight, and drug content; showed no visible cracks; and showed good folding endurance. A 3(2) full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like hydrophilic polymers Carbopol 934 and PVP K30, which significantly influenced characteristics like swelling index, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo residence time. A stability study of optimized Eudragit patches was done in natural human saliva; it was found that both drug and buccal patches were stable in human saliva. It can be concluded that the present buccal formulation can be an ideal system to improve the bioavailability of the drug by avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism.

Effect of Hydrophilic Polymer on Solubilization of Fenofibrate by Cyclodextrin Complexation

The present work investigates the possibility of improvement of the complexation efficiency of cyclodextrin towards a drug by adding a third auxiliary component (hydrophilic polymer). Phase solubility Analysis at 25 °C was used to investigate the interaction of the drug in both the binary systems (viz. Drug-Cyclodextrin and Drug-Polymer) and the ternary system (Drug-Cyclodextrin-Polymer). The combined use of polymer and cyclodextrin was clearly more effective in enhancing the aqueous solubility of the fenofibrate in comparison with the corresponding drug-cyclodextrin or drug-polymer binary systems. Hydrophilic polymers increased the complexation efficacy of cyclodextrin towards fenofibrate (as shown by the increased stability constants of the complexes). Polyvinyl Pyrollidone (PVP) was found to be most effective in enhancing the solubilization of fenofibrate by β-Cyclodextrin, the best results were obtained in ternary system with β-Cyclodextrin in presence of 1%w/v (PVP). Formulated ternary system with optimized drug:cyclodextrin:polymer ratio of 1:3.5:1 w/w resulted in a significant improvement in the dissolution rate of fenofibrate and showed 90% dissolution efficiency (D.E) as compared to around 15% and 83% of the plain drug and binary system respectively. DSC studies was carried out to characterize the ternary complex.

Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on Degradation Behavior of Cellulose Acetate by Phosphoric Acid

リン酸（PA）を含有したセルロースアセテート（CA; DS=2.5）フィルム/繊維の生分解挙動をラボ土壌埋設試験により調べた。その結果，無添加のCAに比べ，PA含有CAでは生分解速度が向上した。このPA含有CAは，蔵置（相対湿度60%）において，CAのアセチル基の脱離を示唆する酢酸の生成およびDSの低下が認められた。一方，ポリビニルピロリドン（PVP）およびPAを含有したCAの場合，その生分解速度はPA含有CAとよく一致したもの，蔵置下におけるPA含有CAで認められたCAの脱アセチルに起因する酢酸の放出は抑制された。IR分析から，PA含有CAでは，PAとCAのアセチル基との相互作用が認められた。一方，PVA-PA含有CAでは，PAはCAのアセチル基よりPVPのカルボニル基と優先的に相互作用していた。水が過剰に存在する環境下ではPAが酸触媒として機能し，CAのDSは低下した。