Effects Of Household Characteristics Research Articles

The effect of household characteristics and sustainable land management on crop productivity in Dhaka Bora watershed, upper Awash river basin of Ethiopia

The effect of household characteristics and sustainable land management on crop productivity in Dhaka Bora watershed, upper Awash river basin of Ethiopia

가구특성에 따른 주거복지서비스 인지에 대한 연구

In this study, the effect of household characteristics on the perception of housing welfare services wasanalyzed through the results of the housing situation survey. Recently, the government is developingvarious programs and expanding the budget to improve housing welfare. In order for these policies to beeffective, it is necessary to check whether residential welfare services are properly recognized by thetargeted class. For this purpose, this study analyzed the current status of residential welfare services anddivided household characteristics into demographic characteristics and housing characteristics. Next,logistic analysis was performed to confirm the influence of each item on the perception of residentialwelfare services. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the elderly and newlyweds had relatively low awareness ofwelfare services in terms of demographic characteristics. In terms of housing characteristics, it was foundthat non-homeowners and households willing to buy a house had higher awareness of welfare services. The higher the income, the higher the awareness of welfare services. Therefore, it was found that themore economically available, the higher the awareness of the service. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and promote welfare programs for the low-income class. Thisstudy is meaningful in that it analyzed whether the beneficiaries were aware of welfare services. It ishoped that various studies that can improve the efficiency of residential welfare services will continue inthe future.

Effects of Differential Household Characteristics on Immunization Coverage for Children Aged 12-23 Months in Alego Usonga, Nyakach and Butere Sub Counties, Kenya

Immunisation remains one of the most important public health interventions to reduce child morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyse the differential effects of household characteristics on immunisation coverage for children aged 12-23 months in Butere, Nyakach and Alego Usonga Sub Counties in Western Kenya. The specific objectives were: to describe the household characteristics, to determine the level of immunisation coverage by antigens and lastly, to analyse the association of household characteristics with immunisation. The study design was analytical statistics utilising secondary data that was collected during a larger study on community health units’ systems strengthening in three Sub Counties with a total number of 11,160 households. The findings established that there existed varied distributions in proportions for the household characteristics within the regions. The study also revealed that there was a high proportion of the different antigens examined. Finally, the study established that there exists a significant association between different household characteristics and immunisation coverage in all three sites. In Alego Usonga significant association between all the five household characteristics (education level of household headship, staple food availability, latrine availability, water treatment, and housing type) and immunisation. Butere recorded a significant association between two household characteristics (education and housing type) and immunisation coverage, and lastly, Nyakach displayed latrine and food availability to be significant associations with immunisation coverage. The study makes four recommendations for; stakeholders, policymakers, health service providers, and researchers regarding the importance of differential household characteristics in relation to improving immunisation coverage in the population.

An Investigation of Occupant Energy-Saving Behavior in Vernacular Houses of Behramkale (Assos)

Despite its well-known potential to reduce energy use, the inquiry of whether vernacular architecture prompts its occupants to have energy-saving behavior has been neglected. This paper aims to investigate the influence of vernacular houses on the behavior of their occupants and other parameters affecting occupant behavior. Along with site observations, 117 surveys including multiple choice and open-ended questions were conducted with households living in vernacular houses and new houses in the historical settlement, Behramkale (Assos). A principal component analysis was conducted for the whole sample to determine whether there is a relationship between energy saving occupant behavior and energy use, household, and housing characteristics. Then further analyses were performed to explore the differences in descriptive properties of occupants. Household characteristics were found to be associated with occupant behavior. The females and married people tended to show more energy-saving behavior and sought to use their houses in more environmentally friendly ways. The older people were more likely to show no-cost energy-saving behavior. The households with high income and high-level education tended to invest in energy-efficient appliances but consumed more energy than other households. Besides the effects of household characteristics, historical heritage, and landscape values specific to the area influenced occupant behavior. Vernacular houses enabled the households to behave in a certain way and to continue the traditional daily habits related to sustainable, energy-saving behaviors.

Children\u2019s Resource Shares: Male Versus Female-Headed Households

This is a comparative study of children’s resource shares in male-headed and female-headed households. To this end we estimate a household collective model using a rotating panel of households from the Jamaican Survey of Living Conditions over a period of 21 years (1990–2010). We find that the gender of the household head is important in determining individual resource shares within the household. Our results also indicate that children receive substantially larger resource shares in female-headed households than in male-headed ones and hence children who live in relatively poor female-headed households are not necessarily worse off. Additionally, the effects of household characteristics on the shares of children are shown to vary considerably based on the gender of the household head.

The Effects of Household Characteristics on Consumption Expenditure by Housing Price Fluctuation Trends Using Multiple Regression Analysis

The Effects of Household Characteristics on Consumption Expenditure by Housing Price Fluctuation Trends Using Multiple Regression Analysis

The Effect of Household Head Characteristics on Poverty and its Intensity in Rural Households of West Azerbaijan Province

Purpose- In the present study, the impact of the household head's features on poverty and its intensity in rural households was investigated using the data related to income cost of rural households of West Azerbaijan during 2014. Design/methodology/approach- To this end, the relative poverty line of the rural households was first estimated in this study. Then, the effect of household characteristics on the intensity of poverty and its incidence was examined as well. The two-step Heckman model was used in this regard through which the impact of variables on household poverty was explored and the likelihood of household poverty was calculated. Afterward, assessing the poverty intensity of poor households, the effect of the study variables on the intensity of poverty of these households was investigated. Findings- The results of the study showed that the age, marital status, employment, and literacy level of the household head had a significantly positive effect on decreasing the incidence of poverty of the households. In addition, being married, the higher level of education, and employment of the household head, and also increasing the number of employed members in the household alleviated the severity of poverty among rural households. Research limitations/implications- The main limitation of this study was the lack of direct access to statistics and that extraction of data from micro-households was time-consuming. Practical implications- Considering the high probability of poverty at the beginning of the young age and retirement, actions must be taken to minimize the negative consequences of poverty in these ages through appropriate social security systems. Furthermore, given that being married reduces the incidence of poverty, careful planning is required to increase employment opportunities, to develop the culture of marriage, and therefore, to reduce the level of divorce in the society. Originality/value-In this article, an attempt has been made to study the influence of individual characteristics of the household head on poverty incidence and its severity in rural households of West Azerbaijan Province using the relative poverty line system. Moreover, based on the aim of the study, the severity of poverty and its incidence are to be separately investigated.

Study on Effects of Household-Characteristics on Individual Attitude toward Welfare: Using Hierarchical Linear Model

Study on Effects of Household-Characteristics on Individual Attitude toward Welfare: Using Hierarchical Linear Model

Effects of Household Characteristics on Homegarden Characteristics in Kalaroa Upazila, Satkhira District, Bangladesh

Tropical and subtropical homegardens often show variation in floristic and structure depending on household characteristics. This research investigated how the household characteristics could influence homegarden vegetation characteristics for 50 randomly selected households in Kalaroa Upazila of Satkhira District, Bangladesh. The central analytical tool to test the relationships between household and homegarden characteristics was multiple linear regression. The results revealed that household landholdings, income, homestead size, and time spent for homegardening were strong predictors of homegarden vegetation characteristics. Economic conditions of the household, experience of the household head, and homegarden investment explained 48 % of the total plant diversity. The combined effects of all significant variables explained about 57 % of the variability in species richness. If homegarden species composition and structure receive attention by concerned authorities, the development of economically viable and ecologically sustainable homegardens can be one aim of the policy guidelines with regard to natural resource conservation and sustainable management basis in Bangladesh could act as a principal source for employment of women in rural Bangladesh.

The Effects of Household Characteristics and Poverty Duration on Poverty Exit Rate -Examining the Effects of Duration Dependency and Sample Heterogeneity -

The Effects of Household Characteristics and Poverty Duration on Poverty Exit Rate -Examining the Effects of Duration Dependency and Sample Heterogeneity -

The effect of household characteristics on economic returns to schooling: evidence from the Palestinian territories

This paper estimates the economic returns to schooling in the Palestinian territories, and examines the relationship between household characteristics and the returns received by male household members in the labour market. The basic findings are that the economic returns to schooling are very low, and the inclusion of household characteristics in the wage equation does not significantly lower the estimated returns to schooling. Yet, the least-square estimate of the economic returns to schooling in Palestine is overestimated because of omitted unobservable household characteristics from the wage-schooling relationship. This is true even after correcting for measurement error in the schooling variable. The measurement error-corrected least square estimator of the returns to schooling is overestimated by 32%. Nevertheless, the omitted variable bias is of different magnitude in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In fact, the results indicate that such a bias exists in the West Bank whereas the results for the Gaza Strip indicate no such bias. Thus, household background is likely to be a less important determinant of both education and earnings in the Gaza Strip.

Attrition in a panel study of people with environmental exposures: new insights about the impact of race, sex, and number of children in the household

This study examines attrition in a panel survey. Each member of the panel was selected because of their documented exposure to long-term, low levels of hazardous substances in their residential water. In addition, each was informed of their exposure at the time of baseline contact. The analytic approach involves examining the interactive effect of race and sex, as well as the additive effect of household characteristics on the propensity to stay. The data are derived from the National Exposure Registry, which is a large-scale, longitudinal health survey. This study finds that compared with white males, non-white males are more likely to attrite and white females are more likely to stay in the study. In addition, the propensity to stay is affected by the number of children in the household. These findings have implications for field procedures that may involve the selective targeting at baseline of those subgroups with a greater propensity to attrite.

Exploring the Impact of Housing Deficits on Housing Satisfaction for Temporary Korean Migrants

This study expands the application of the Morris and Winter (1978) housing adjustment theory to study housing satisfaction of a temporary migrant population. The proposed empirical model hypothesized the effects of household characteristics and housing deficits on housing satisfaction. The model was tested with a sample of 225 Korean temporary migrants in the U.S. Findings indicated that housing deficits were significant mediators between household characteristics and housing satisfaction. The results also revealed that the quality deficit and neighborhood deficit predicted housing satisfaction most strongly, suggesting that the physical quality of housing and neighborhood conditions are crucial to the housing satisfaction of temporary migrants. In this study, unlike previous ones, when housing deficits were controlled, most of the demographic household characteristics did not predict housing satisfaction.

Food stamp program participation, informal supports, household food security and child food security: A comparison of african american and caucasian households in poverty

More than 12 million children in the U.S. live in a food insecure household. Insufficient nutrition puts children at risk for health and developmental problems. Little is known about a racial comparison of food security among economically vulnerable households. This study examines how the effects of household characteristics, food stamp program (FSP) (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as of October 1, 2008) participation, informal food supports (IFS) and household food security (HFS) on child food security (CFS) differ between African American and Caucasian Households. We also explore moderating roles of FSP or IFS on the association between HFS and CFS. We use data from the 2003 Food Security Survey, a supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) (N = 3,799). Findings revealed that HFS was negatively related to CFS while IFS and head of the household's level of education were positively related to CFS in both racial groups. FSP participation increased CFS for Caucasian households but had no effect on CFS in African American households. IFS positively moderated the impact of HFS on CFS only for Caucasian households. No moderating effects of FSP participation were found. Implication for practice and future research are discussed.

Multilevel Modelling of Refusal and Non-Contact in Household Surveys: Evidence From Six UK Government Surveys

SummaryWe analyse household unit non-response in six major UK Government surveys by using a multilevel multinomial modelling approach. The models are guided by current conceptual frameworks and theories of survey participation. One key feature of the analysis is the investigation of the extent to which effects of household characteristics are survey specific. The analysis is based on the 2001 UK Census Link Study, which is a unique source of data containing an unusually rich set of auxiliary variables. The study contains the response outcome of six surveys, linked to census data and interviewer observations for both respondents and non-respondents.

Marketing Consumer Durables in Mature Product Categories - Do Innovators Matter?

Sales in consumer durable goods categories are dominated by repeat purchases. Managers are particularly interested to know: Which consumers can be encouraged to make earlier repeat purchases? When are they likely to purchase? What factors drive their purchases? We, the authors, make three contributions towards answering these questions. First, we explore whether consumer innovativeness, a crucial driver of first purchase adoptions, also influences repeat purchases. Second, we argue that it is important to examine the differential impact of purchase factors between replacements forced by failure and discretionary replacements of working units. Third, we empirically explore additional unit purchases at a household level for the first time. In order to address these questions, we apply a competing risks hazard approach to information we gathered from a survey of the purchase behavior of 8,077 households for six durable products. We find that consumer innovativeness is a strong driver for the timing of both discretionary replacements and additional purchases, but not for forced replacements. We show the strength of this effect varies between products and household types. Overall, our results indicate that durable goods managers should pay special attention to innovative consumers when marketing to repeat buyers. We also find evidence of strong asymmetric effects of household characteristics between forced and discretionary purchases. For example, income acts to accelerate discretionary replacements, but leads to longer forced replacement times.

Who Receives Targeted Benefits in Transition? The Effect of Household Characteristics on Take-Up Rates in Russia's Child Allowance Programme

This article addresses the issue of low targeting efficiency of the Russian child allowance programme. We look at non-take-up of eligible households and inclusion of the non-eligible, and show that household characteristics are significant determinants of the programme take-up, as they affect households' earning potential and expected level of benefit. We believe that the results of the research give useful suggestions on how targeting of child allowances can be improved in Russia.

The effect of household characteristics on living standards in South Africa 1993–1998: a quantile regression analysis with sample attrition

AbstractThis paper examines whether the dismantling of apartheid has resulted in an improvement in the standard of living for the vast majority of South Africans. The study is based on a panel data set from the Kwazulu‐Natal province. We use weighted quantile regressions to examine the distribution of standards of living, which corrects for the potential bias arising from non‐random sample attrition. Our results show that there has been a significant increase in the spread of the distribution of household expenditure of the non‐white households residing in Kwazulu‐Natal province. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Distributional and Welfare Implications of the Military Draft in Russia: Micro-level Evidence

In this paper data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia are used to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of the military draft. The authors focus on draft avoidance as a common response to highly unpopular conscription system ridden by corruption. A theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment is developed. Several econometric techniques are employed to estimate the effect of household characteristics on the probability to serve in the army and the draft-induced implications for household income. The results indicate that the burden of conscription falls excessively on the poor. Poor, low-educated, rural households are much more likely to have their sons enlisted compared to urban, wealthy and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rate of personal income tax.

Forest Product Sale as Natural Insurance: The Effects of Household Characteristics and the Nature of Shock in Eastern Honduras

The rural poor are known to turn to tropical forest resources in times of need. But what explains differential use of this “natural insurance” policy among households? Drawing from a 1998 survey of 116 indigenous households in Honduras, this article shows that households sell forest products to pay for crop shortfalls and illness, but that loans from kin are a more common way to weather calamity. Young households with few liquidatable assets and little land are the most likely to sell forest products to self-insure. Development policies that build on the “natural insurance” concept should anticipate major variation within target populations; meanwhile, conservationists should recognize that the lack of formal safety nets in rural communities will motivate the sale of forest products.