Effect Of Fuel Type Research Articles

Effect of Fuel Type on the Solution Combustion Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Yig Nanocrystals

Effect of Fuel Type on the Solution Combustion Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Yig Nanocrystals

Effects of Fuel Types and Process Parameters on the Performance of an Activated Combustion High Velocity Air-Fuel (AC-HVAF) Thermal Spray System

Effects of Fuel Types and Process Parameters on the Performance of an Activated Combustion High Velocity Air-Fuel (AC-HVAF) Thermal Spray System

Effects of Fuel Type on Performance in Gasoline Engine with Electronic Fuel Injection System

Gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems are recommended to use Pertalite type unleaded gasoline to produce a perfect combustion process so as to improve engine performance. However, the majority of vehicle owners prefer to use Premium type fuel and sometimes also mix it with other fuels, resulting in decreased engine performance. This is due to the low price of Premium and consumers do not understand the effect on engine performance. This research was conducted on a Toyota Avanza K3-VE 1,298 cc with an experimental method that aims to determine the performance of a gasoline engine with an electronic fuel injection system using several types of fuel. To find out the optimal engine performance, the test is carried out at maximum engine speed using a dynamometer bench. The results showed that the right fuel used in gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems is Pertamax type because it has optimal engine performance, which produces an maximum torque of 176.23 Nm and an maximum power of 105.83 Kw.

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

A transient two-dimensional mathematical model is developed to study the influence of fuel type and operation parameters on combustion and NOx emission during the iron ore sintering process. The model was validated by comparing the model predictions with sintering pot test data. The predictions show reasonable agreement with the averaged values of the test data. In addition to the conventional sintering process, this model can also predict new processes such as flue gas recirculation, gas fuel injection, and fuel layered distribution. The simulation results show that the fuel NOx is the main part of the NOx emission during sintering, and thermal NOx forms a very little part. The produced NOx can be reduced not only by coke but also by CO around coke particles, with reduction proportions of 50% and 10%, respectively. Two types of coke A and B were compared. With Coke A as solid fuel and consumption of 3.8%, the NOx emission was 320 ppm. Increasing the replacement of Coke A with Coke B, the NOx emission was decreased, being decreased by 28.13% to 230 ppm with the replacement proportion of 50%. When only Coke B was used, the NOx emissions could be lowered by 53.13% to 150 ppm. Decreasing the particle size from 1.6 mm to 1.2 mm led the NOx emission to be increased by 10.93% from 320 ppm to 355 ppm. With Coke A as the only solid fuel, increasing the fuel ratio to 4.2% led the NOx emission to be increased by 9.38% to 350 ppm; increasing the oxygen content of inlet air from 21% to 30% led the NOx emission to be increased by 15.00% from 320 ppm to 368 ppm.

Performance of Parallel Chemistry Acceleration Algorithm in Simulations of Gaseous Detonation: Effects of Fuel Type and Numerical Scheme Resolution

ABSTRACT Gaseous detonation is regarded as a promising combustion mode in novel detonation engines. The numerical simulations with high fidelity of the gaseous detonation require the detailed chemical mechanism and the high numerical scheme resolutions, and therefore lead to the expensive computational costs. In the present work, a parallel algorithm based on the storage/deletion method is selected to accelerate the chemistry computations in the numerical simulations of two-dimensional gaseous detonation wave propagation. The effects of fuel type (chemical reaction mechanism) and numerical scheme resolution on the acceleration performance of the selected parallel algorithm are studied. Two gaseous fuels, hydrogen with smaller chemical reaction mechanism size and ethylene with larger one, are chosen to carry out the simulations; while for the numerical scheme, the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme with fifth-order and ninth-order resolutions are respectively employed. It was found that the parallel algorithm can provide the satisfactory performances on both computational accuracy and efficiency for all simulations in present study. The fuel type (chemical reaction mechanism) has a more obvious influence on the computational efficiency, while the numerical scheme resolution has a relatively unimportant effect during the entire simulations. The hydrogen chemistry has higher speedup ratio than the ethylene chemistry at the early stage of simulations, but the speedup ratios of both fuels will finally converge to the similar level at the later stage. The optimal speedup ratio of 4.67 is obtained for the case with the ethylene reaction mechanism (larger size) and the ninth-order WENO scheme (higher resolution) at the end of computations. Furthermore, the balance and synchronization of table operations among different data tables in the parallel algorithm are analyzed. Neither balance nor synchronization can solely affect the acceleration performance, both of them jointly play the important roles in accelerating the simulations of gaseous detonation.

Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of ZnO:Eu Nanoparticles: Effect of Fuel Types.

Nanoparticles of Europium oxide doped with Zinc oxide were synthesized via microwave-assisted combustion method. Citric acid as a simultaneous fuel and chelating agent and glycine as a fuel and mixture of these fuels were sleeted. X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD) indicated the formation of ZnO structure with a few amount of Eu2O3 phase. Fourier transformation infra red (FTIR) spectra reveal the increase of ZnO4 bonds with glycine content of fuels mixture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the conversion of nanosphere to spongy-like structure with respect to change of fuel mixtures from citric to glycine. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanoparticles of a mean size 30nm are observed Green fluorescence emission of different samples was due to activation of self activated center of ZnO structure through transition of electron from Eu3+ to Vzn sites.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Fuel Type and Fuel/Air Molar Concentration on Autoignition Temperature of n-Heptane, Methanol, Ethanol, and Butanol

The effect of fuel type, fuel molar concentration, and air molar concentration on the autoignition temperature (AIT) of n-heptane, methanol, ethanol, and butanol, under a wide range of conditions (φ = 0.4–2.0, Pinit = 80–500 psi), is investigated using a constant volume bomb. The results indicate that the AIT generally decreases as the chain length and molecular weight each increase. The AIT decreases as the fuel molar concentration, as well as air molar concentration, increase. The AIT of n-heptane remains approximately constant (280 °C) as the fuel/air molar concentration increase. While the AIT of methanol, ethanol, and butanol decrease from 548 °C to 479 °C, from 450 °C to ∼371 °C, and from 401 to 342 °C, respectively, with increasing fuel/air molar concentration. Numerical study is performed to identify the cause of AIT variation using validated comprehensive reaction mechanisms of n-heptane and methanol. The AIT of n-heptane remains almost constant under wide parameters, because of the low activatio...

Charcoal morphometry for paleoecological analysis: The effects of fuel type and transportation on morphological parameters.

• Premise of the study: Charcoal particles preserved in sediments are used as indicators of paleowildfire. Most research focuses on abundance as an indicator of fire frequency, but charcoals also convey information about the vegetation from which they are derived. One potential source of information is their morphology, which is influenced by the parent material, the nature of the fire, and subsequent transportation and burial.• Methods: We charcoalified 26 materials from a range of plant taxa, and subjected them to simulated fluvial transport by tumbling them with water and gravel. We photographed the resulting particles, and used image analysis software to measure morphological parameters.• Results: Leaf charcoal displayed a logarithmic decrease in area, and a logarithmic increase in circularity, with transportation time. Trends were less clear for stem or wood charcoal. Grass charcoal displayed significantly higher aspect ratios than other charcoal types.• Conclusions: Leaf charcoal displays more easily definable relationships between morphological parameters and degree of breakdown than stem or wood charcoal. The aspect ratios of fossil mesocharcoal can indicate the broad botanical source of an assemblage. Coupled to estimates of charcoal abundance, this will improve understanding of the variation in flammability of ancient ecosystems.

The Effect of Fuel Type on Temperature Profile within Pilot-Scale Downdraft-Gasifier for the LPG Replacement in Electricity Production

This research presents the effect of fuel type on temperature profile within the pyrolysis-, combustion-and reduction-zone of the pilot-scale downdraft gasifier, and the replacement potential of LPG with syngas for electricity production. The experimental results showed that gasification of different fuels have the distinctions of temperature level in each zone. More stable syngas production was obtained either from wood chips (WC) or plastic carrier bag (PCB). In contrast, gasification of aluminum coated plastic bag (ACPB) showed the unsatisfied syngas. From the operation with the dual mode of LPG and syngas for electric production, LPG consumption was reduced about 27.08%, 14.58% and 8.33% when PCB-, WC-and ACPB-syngas were used, respectively.

Effect of Fuel Type on Carbon Monoxide Accumulation in Tents of Varied Design

The use of backpacking stoves in tents has been recognized to result in elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels and even death among tent inhabitants. A study was performed to evaluate carbon monoxide production occurring in varying tents with variable fuel types. Using a popular backpacking stove, both white gas and regular unleaded gasoline were used to heat a pot of water inside 2 tents of differing levels of weather resistance ("3-season tent" and "4-season tent") under controlled settings. A remote carbon monoxide sensor measured levels over a 20-minute period. Multiple 20-minute runs were performed with varying fuel and tent combinations to assess peak levels and rates of carbon monoxide production. Mean peak carbon monoxide levels were obtained in the 3-season tent and 4-season tent when white gas was burned measuring 60.5 ppm (95% CI: 31.2 to 89.8) and 154.5 ppm (95% CI: 112.8 to 195.7; P = .002), respectively. The use of regular unleaded gasoline in the 3-season and 4-season tents resulted in mean peak carbon monoxide levels of 102.9 ppm (95% CI: 77.8 to 128.0) and 210.6 ppm (95% CI: 37.4 to 383.1; P = .06), respectively. Using regular unleaded gasoline resulted in significantly increased mean peak carbon monoxide levels compared with white gas in the 3-season tent (P = .006); however, the difference was not significant in the 4-season tent (P = .23). The use of backpacking stoves in tents produces varying levels of carbon monoxide related to fuel type and tent styles. Efforts should continue to educate persons of the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning with the use of any stove while inside tents.

The Effect of Fuel Types on Porous Alumina Produced via Soft Combustion Reaction for Implant Applications

This article describes the effects of fuel types on the porous structure of alumina produced using a soft combustion reaction. There are several combustion parameters that could affect the porous structure of the alumina produced such as fuel-to-oxidizer ratios, ignition temperature, and type of fuels. In this study, the effect of fuel types on alumina properties was studied. Citric acid, glycine, and urea were used as fuels along with aluminum nitrate as an oxidizer. The properties of porous alumina produced using three different fuels were compared to determine the optimum fuel that could produce the best properties for implant applications. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase alumina powder was obtained in all samples. Morphology observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) on sintered bodies showed open pores which had potential to be used in implant applications. Porous alumina produced using glycine as fuel (AG) showed the best properties; high surface area of 8.7 m2/g, porosity of 70% and sintered density 1.37 g/cm3.

Effects of Fuel Type on Dual SCR Aftertreatment for Lean NOx Reduction

Effects of Fuel Type on Dual SCR Aftertreatment for Lean NOx Reduction

Effect of Fuel Type and Deposition Surface Temperature on the Growth and Structure of an Ash Deposit Collected during Co-firing of Coal with Sewage Sludge and Sawdust†

Blends of a South African bituminous Middleburg coal, a municipal sewage sludge, and a sawdust have been fired in the slagging reactor to examine the effect of the added fuel on the slagging propensity of the mixtures. Two kinds of deposition probes have been used, uncooled ceramic probes and air-cooled metal probes, to examine the influence of the deposition surface temperature on both the deposit growth and its structure. The initial stages of slagging (140 min of sampling) have been investigated in two temperature ranges: a high-temperature range of 1100—1300 °C and a low-temperature range of 550—700 °C. Laboratory ash (created in the laboratory furnace), ash sampled on the deposition probes, and ash collected in the cyclone have been analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence technique. Additionally, the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the embedded resin deposit probes have been performed. Using this technique, the thickness, structure, porosity, and chemical composition in different layers of the deposit have been determined and evaluated as a function of the fuel type and the deposition surface temperature. Distinct differences in structures of the deposits collected using the uncooled ceramic probes and air-cooled steal probes have been observed. Glassy, easily molten deposits collected on uncooled ceramic deposition probes are characteristic for co-firing of municipal sewage sludge with coal. Porous, sintered (not molten), but easily removable deposits of the same fuel blend have been collected on the air-cooled metal deposition probes. The addition of sawdust does not negatively influence the deposition behavior. Loose, easy removable deposits have been sampled on air-cooled metal deposition probes during co-firing of coal-sawdust blends. The mass of the deposit sampled at lower deposition surface temperatures (550—700 °C) was always larger than the mass sampled at higher surface temperatures (1100-1300 °C).

The Effect of Fuel Type and Aftertreatment Method on Ultrafine Particle Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Two potential strategies for reducing diesel emissions are exhaust aftertreatment and the use of reformulated or alternative fuels. Little is yet known about the impact on ultrafine particle emissions of combining exhaust aftertreatment with such increasingly common fuels. This paper reports ultrafine particle size distribution measurements for a study in which the impact of such fuels on emissions from a heavy duty diesel engine employing different aftertreatment configurations was evaluated. Eight different fuels were tested: Canadian No. 1 and No. 2 diesel; low sulfur diesel fuel; two different ultra low sulfur diesel fuels (< 30 ppm S); Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel; 20% biodiesel blended with ultra low sulfur diesel fuel; and PuriNOx™. The fuels were tested in combination with four exhaust configurations: engine out, diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), continuously regenerating diesel particle filter (CRDPF), and engine gas recirculation with CRDPF (EGR-DPF). In general, aftertreatment configuration was f...

Fully Involved Enclosure Fires: Effects Of Fuel Type, Fuel Area And Geometry

For the design of fire safety systems, evacuation analysis structural response and external façade performance, the heat release rate history is a primary factor regarding the development of building fires starting from the room of fire origin. This work examines the steady state heat release rate period in enclosures that occurs after the initial growth period ends because either fire has spread to all fuel available or ventilation- controlled conditions have been established. It extends previous important work by identifying how fuel type (e.g. stoichiometric ratio), fuel surface area, room geometry and opening affect the rate of burning. Using recent well-designed experiments in cubic like enclosures and in corridors together with a simple theory, correlations are developed for the rate of pyrolysis, of incoming air flow and of excess pyrolysate. In the course of the analysis, critical areas of research are suggested concerning combustion efficiency, heat fluxes, and effective fuel area involved in pyrolysis

Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 1. Effect of Fuel Type and Catalyst Performance

A remote sensor incorporating UV and IR spectrometers in conjunction with an innovative optical design is described. The instrument was used to noninvasively measure over 20 pollutants in the exhaust of 19 in-use vehicles powered by a range of fuels-reformulated Phase II gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas, and methanol blended with 15% gasoline. CO2, CO, aldehydes, and aliphatic and speciated aromatic hydrocarbons were identified along with NOx, determined as the sum of NO, NO2, N2O and HONO were also measured, although their levels were typically below the instrument;s detection limit. NH3 levels in vehicle exhaust are reported for the first time on a car-by-car basis. The exhaust from gasoline- and methanol-powered cars was found to contain elevated levels of NH3, in some cases over 1000 ppm, despite near stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratios, and were often significantly higher than corresponding NO levels. Catalyst efficiency is discussed as a function of NH3 and NO concentrations in the exhaust of vehicles operating cold and hot. In some of the tested vehicles, the three-way catalysts showed high reduction activity but poor selectivity resulting in the formation of NH3 and possibly other nitrogen-containing products other than N2. These observations could have significant implications on the formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol and on the acid-neutralizing capacity of urban air masses. (A)

Effects of Fuel Type, Driving Cycle, and Emission Status on In-Use Vehicle Exhaust Reactivity

ABSTRACT The introduction of reformulated gasolines significantly reduced exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) mass emissions, but few data are available concerning how these new fuels affect exhaust reactivity. Similarly, while it is well established that high-emitting vehicles contribute a significant portion of total mobile source HC mass emissions, it is also important to evaluate the exhaust reactivity from these vehicles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative influence on in-use vehicle exhaust reactivity of three critical factors: fuel, driving cycle, and vehicle emission status. Nineteen in-use vehicles were tested with seven randomly assigned fuel types and two driving cycles: the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Unified Cycle (UC). Total exhaust reactivity was not statistically different between the FTP and UC cycles but was significantly affected by fuel type. On average, the exhaust reactivity for California Phase 2 fuel was the lowest (16 % below the highest fuel type) among the seven fuels tested for cold start emissions. The average exhaust reactivity for high-emitting vehicles was significantly higher for hot stabilized (11%) and hot start (15%) emissions than for low-emitting vehicles. The exhaust reactivities for the FTP and UC cycles for light-end HCs and carbonyls were significantly different for the hot stabilized mode. There was a significant fuel effect on the mean specific reactivity (SR) for the mid-range HCs, but not for light-end HCs or carbonyls, while vehicle emission status affected the mean SR for all three HC compound classes.

Discussion: “The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency” (McManus, Jr., H. N., Ibele, W. E., and Murphy, T. E., 1959, ASME J. Eng. Power, 81, pp. 423–426)

Discussion: “The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency” (McManus, Jr., H. N., Ibele, W. E., and Murphy, T. E., 1959, ASME J. Eng. Power, 81, pp. 423–426)

The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency

A series of tests to determine the effect of combustion-chamber length for three different types of fuel admission (gaseous, spray, and vaporized) upon combustion efficiency was performed in identical combustor geometries and with similar air-flow patterns. The effects of fuel-air ratio and full-section velocity were examined for individual methods of admission. The effect of fuel volatility also was examined. It was found that the vaporized fuel type of admission was superior in efficiency to the spray-fuel admission in all comparable cases. Increased fuel volatility improved performance in the case of the vaporizer but did not affect the performance of the spray nozzle. The performance of vaporising tubes was found to vary inversely with size. An optimum size was exhibited.

Closure to “Discussions of ‘The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency’” (1959, ASME J. Eng. Power, 81, pp. 426–427)

Closure to “Discussions of ‘The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency’” (1959, ASME J. Eng. Power, 81, pp. 426–427)