Framing Effects Research Articles

Harmonic Oscillator in Cosmic String Space-Time with Dislocation Under a Repulsive $$1/r^2$$ Potential and Rotational Frame Effects

Harmonic Oscillator in Cosmic String Space-Time with Dislocation Under a Repulsive $$1/r^2$$ Potential and Rotational Frame Effects

A confidence framing effect: Flexible use of evidence in metacognitive monitoring

Human behavior is flexibly regulated by specific goals of cognitive tasks. One notable example is goal-directed modulation of metacognitive behavior, where logically equivalent decision-making problems can yield different patterns of introspective confidence depending on the frame in which they are presented. While this observation highlights the important heuristic nature of metacognitive monitoring, computational mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. We confirmed the confidence framing effect in two-alternative dot-number discrimination and in previously published preference-choice data, demonstrating distinctive confidence patterns between “choose more” or “choose less” frames. Formal model comparisons revealed a simple confidence heuristic behind this phenomenon, which assigns greater weight to chosen than unchosen stimulus evidence. This computation appears to be based on internal evidence constituted under specific task demands rather than physical stimulus intensity itself, a view justified in terms of ecological rationality. These results shed light on the adaptive nature of human decision-making and metacognitive monitoring.

The Impact of Social Media, Herding Bias, Gambler’s Fallacy, and Framing Effect on Investment Decisions among Gen Z Investors in Pontianak City

The role of social media can influence an individual's decision-making behavior, particularly when information presentation is accompanied by bias or financial behavior, which can impact investors' psychology in determining their investment choices. The research employs an associative research method, aiming to explore the relationship between the role of social media, herding bias, gambler's fallacy, and framing effect in the investment decision-making process among Generation Z, who have grown alongside technological advancements. The sampling technique involves purposive sampling with predefined criteria, and a total of 200 respondents participated in the survey conducted through Google Forms. Data verification was carried out using SPSS 26. The findings and conclusions indicate that while social media does influence investment decisions, the impact is not statistically significant. In contrast, herding bias and gambler's fallacy do not have a significant influence on investment decision-making.

The Effect of Prepayment Contract Frames and Feedback on Budgetary Slack: An Experimental Investigation

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research investigates the effect of prepayment contract frames and feedback incentives in mitigating budgetary slack. Background Problems: Clawback is an incentive scheme based on the endowment concept that has recently drawn researchers’ concerns. The literature suggests emphasizing the endowment and loss aversion concepts. This research examines these two concepts with one test model. Novelty: This research presents the preliminary manipulation role of hybrid clawback as one of the prepayment contract frames that are smoother and without penalty provisions. This study also examines the interaction between the concept of endowment and loss aversion in one test model. Research Methods: This research applied a field experiment with a 3 × 2 between-subject design. Finding/Results: This research found that prepayment contract frames require motivation from an adequate formal control system through frequent feedback to mitigate the slack. The findings prove that the capability of prepayment contract frames to minimize slack would be more effective after the frequency of the feedback has been moderated. Conclusion: The hybrid clawback could be a smoother alternative compensation scheme that is just as effective as a simple clawback, but without any penalty provisions. The effectiveness of a low feedback frequency could be increased to equal the efficacy of a high feedback frequency when assisted by prepayment contract frames.

The influence of tourism destination safety reminder information frame on tourists' safety compliance behavior

Because of the unusual environmental attributes of tourism activities, how to effectively inform and remind tourists of the risk information of tourism destinations is of great significance to guide tourists' safety compliance behavior, which is critical in preventing safety accidents for destinations. Using emotion appraisal theory, framing effect theory, and identity theory, this study designs three experiments to explore the main effect of safety reminder information frame (gain-type vs. loss-type) on safety compliance behavior, the mediating effect of tourists' empathy, and the moderating effect of family identity by treating safety reminder information as stimulus material. We found that as compared with gain-type, loss-type safety reminder information frame is more effective in encouraging safety compliance behavior among tourists. Second, tourists' empathy serves as an important mediator between safety reminder information and safety compliance behavior. Third, this study not only finds that the impact of tourists' empathy on safety compliance behavior is greater for tourists with a stronger family identity but also that family identity does matter in the impact of tourism destination safety reminder on tourists’ empathy. To summarize, loss-type safety reminder information frames are more effective in activating tourists' empathy, thereby boosting safety compliance behavior among tourists with stronger family identity. In terms of the primary driver of safety compliance behavior, it is recommended that the destination adopt the loss-type frame to edit and publish the safety reminder information to induce safety compliance behavior. These findings have significant implications for the formulation and enforcement of safety reminders in tourist destinations.

Success or Failure? News Framing of the COP26 Glasgow Summit and its Effects on Citizens’ Beliefs About Climate Change

The UN climate summits represent decisive moments for climate change policy. Under significant media coverage, world leaders gather for intense negotiations over policies to address global warming. Given the enormous political, economic, and environmental issues at stake, news media typically frame these summits in terms of success or failure. Still, we know surprisingly little about how these mediated mega events influence public perceptions both during and beyond the specific summit. Focusing on the 2021 Glasgow summit (COP26), this study combines a media content analysis and a two-wave panel survey with a rolling cross-section component, to determine how news framing influenced both summit-specific and more generic climate change beliefs among citizens in Sweden. Findings show (1) that beliefs about the success/failure of the summit took shape immediately following the summit, (2) that news framing effects were particularly pronounced when the final agreement was settled, and (3) that these instantaneous framing effects on summit-specific beliefs left small but lasting imprints on citizens’ generic climate change beliefs several weeks after the summit. These findings have implications for both climate opinion and theories of dynamic news framing effects.

Science stories through a cultural lens: The effects of cultural framing of storytelling in the natural and social sciences

Storytelling is a critical element for the effective communication of science in online videos. However, its effect is not consistent across different cultures. Here, we review and examine cultural framing of storytelling used to communicate science, including social science, in online teaching videos. We found that students from high-context cultures engage more with online videos than do students from low-context cultures but, nevertheless, do more poorly in tests that measure knowledge obtained. Our findings highlight the need to consider the cultural framing of storytelling – cultural science communication – when communicating science to audiences from different cultures.

Effect of message framing on support for a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in Australia: a cross-sectional survey analysis.

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are present in many countries with evidence that they are effective in decreasing purchases of SSBs. However, in Australia where SSB consumption per capita is high, and calls for an SSB tax are frequent, there is no SSB tax and policymakers have stated their lack of support for such a tax. We examined whether political party voting preference and sociodemographic factors affect individuals' support for an SSB tax, and whether message framing affects this support. A nationally representative sample of 1519 Australian adults was recruited for an online experimental survey. Three persuasive frames and one control frame were randomly provided to participants and measures of agreement towards an SSB tax were assessed. Sociodemographic factors and political party preference were also captured. Message framing had minimal effect on the level of support for the tax. However, participants who received the 'supportive of food and drink companies frame' showed the highest positive feelings towards the tax, and participants in rural areas had higher levels of support for an SSB tax when receiving the 'protecting teenagers' frame. Participants who voted for conservative (right-leaning) parties and for Labour (a centre-left party) had similar levels of support towards the tax, which was considerably lower than Greens voters. Undecided voters had the lowest levels of support for the tax, and the frames had limited impact on them. These findings highlight the potential role of message framing in shaping public support for an SSB tax in Australia, particularly in the context of voting preference and sociodemographic factors.

How Information Framing Nudges Acceptance of China's Delayed Retirement Policy: A Moderated Mediation Model of Anchoring Effects and Perceived Fairness.

China's delayed retirement policy will be prudently rolled out at the appropriate time, yet the public's acceptance of this policy is concerning. To address this issue, our endeavor explores the impact of framing and anchoring effects on policy acceptance, aiming to mitigate the populace's resistance to the new policy. We conducted two survey studies on the Chinese population aged 16-65. Achieved through an online survey, Study 1 (N = 225) demonstrated that information framing significantly influences the public's acceptance of the delayed retirement policy. It was found that perceived fairness plays a mediating role between information framing and policy acceptance. Notably, the positive frame had a more pronounced effect on acceptance than its negative counterpart, with the positive presentation being perceived as more fair. Study 2 (N = 383), utilizing a combination of online and offline approaches, revealed that the anchoring effect moderates the relationship between information framing and perceived fairness. The interaction of anchoring and framing effects significantly influences perceived fairness, subsequently promoting public policy acceptance. The interplay between anchoring and framing effects significantly shapes perceived fairness, in turn bolstering the public's receptiveness to policy. These insights offer reasonable communication strategies for the smooth advancement of new policies, further enriching the field of behavioral science.

Charity running event for homelessness: the framing effects on prosocial behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT Research questions What are differential framing effects of promotional messages on participants’ prosocial behavioral intentions in the context of charity running events? Do content richness and plight information play a moderating role? Research methods In the first experiment, the authors employed a 2 (message frame: positive vs. negative) x 2 (content richness: rich vs. non-rich) between-subjects design to examine the effects of CRE message frames and richness on prosocial behavioral intentions. In the second experiment, the authors employed a 2 (message frame: positive vs. negative) x 2 (plight information: high vs. low) between-subjects design. The authors recruited two hundred and twenty-three participants (N = 223) for experiment 1 and recruited two hundred twelve (N = 212) participants for experiment 2 via Mturk with compensation of $.75 USD for completing the study. Results and findings The results of the first experiment indicated the negatively framed advertising appeal elicited greater prosocial behavioral intentions. In the rich content condition, the negative (vs. positive) frame has a stronger positive effect on behavioral intentions than in the non-rich condition. The second experiment further validated the impact of the negative framing in charity advertising in the low plight condition. Implications The findings of the current study contribute to the charity sport event literature and provide important insights for managers when promoting their cause-related events.

Moderación por el género de los efectos del encuadre visual de mensajes COVID-19 sobre emociones negativas

Un reciente meta-análisis reveló que mensajes persuasivos enmarcados en ganancias inducen emociones positivas en la audiencia mientras que mensajes encuadrados en pérdidas inducen emociones negativas; más aún, la experiencia de emociones positivas potencia la influencia de los encuadramientos de ganancia mientras que las emociones negativas aumentan los efectos de los enmarques de pérdida. Esto sugiere que los efectos de los encuadres de ganancia versus pérdida en la adherencia del público al mensaje son mediados por emociones. Como se sabe que las mujeres experimentan más emociones negativas que los hombres, en el presente estudio exploratorio nosotros evaluamos sesgos de género en las emociones negativas inducidas por imágenes que acompañaban a textos con recomendaciones nutricionales para prevenir la severidad de los síntomas de COVID-19. Los textos estuvieron encuadrados en no-pérdidas. Usando fotos de un ataúd versus una familia, encontramos una robusta interacción imagen x género entre trabajadores de un hospital en Lima, Perú: mientras que el ataúd tendía a aumentar las emociones negativas de las mujeres, aquellas de los hombres presentaban una tendencia opuesta. Así, concluimos que la intervención de emociones en un mismo proceso de persuasión puede terminar en adherencias diferentes de hombres y mujeres al mensaje y esto debe estudiarse. Los investigadores que ignoren la variable género en el encuadramiento visual de mensajes pueden arribar a conclusiones distorsionadas.

The effectiveness of utilizing the framing effect to motivate climate change mitigation effects on an individual level

Climate change has become a concerning threat to our planet. This essay explores the potential of employing the framing effect as a strategic tool to inspire individual involvement in mitigating climate change. Framing, representing certain perceived reality through language, can significantly influence decision-making. This research examines how positive and negative ways of discussing climate change affect people. It uses experiments and surveys involving 300 participants to understand how individuals react to different ways of framing the issue. Following psychological theories by Tversky and Kahneman, the study looks at specific aspects of framing, like actions and outcomes, to see how people respond. The goal is to understand how these framing techniques influence people’s engagement with climate change. The research assesses participants’ responses, considering demographic factors like age, gender, and political affiliation. The study aims to elucidate whether framing can bridge the gap between climate change awareness and action through statistical analyses and correlation tests. Preliminary expectations suggest that positive framing might inspire proactive measures, while negative framing could invoke fear-driven actions. By understanding the nuances of framing effects, this research sheds light on individual decision-making and offers vital insights into climate change communication strategies. Acknowledging the complexities of human decision-making, this study underscores the need for continued exploration, emphasizing the potential of framing as a powerful tool in the fight against climate change.

To rebuild or not to rebuild in coastal flood zones: The effects of framing and partisan cues on public support

AbstractCoastal storms are likely to increase in frequency and become even more damaging. An unresolved policy issue is whether current residents should receive federal subsidies through such programs as the Federal Flood Insurance Program or the FEMA disaster relief program that encourage thembe encouraged to rebuild in the same locations that have suffered damage through federal subsidies such as subsidized flood insurance or the FEMA disaster relief fund. This research investigated the impact that messages framed to either support or oppose such government assistance for rebuilding had on respondent opinion. We looked at opinion on not only the rebuilding itself but also other related subjects such as the economic and environmental impacts of rebuilding in situ. The research further looked at the ways in which attributing these messages to partisan sources affected response. We found that message frames either highlighting the benefits or the costs of rebuilding had a marked impact on public opinion and that partisan source cues played a smaller role. This issue of responsibility for rebuilding is likely to continue to become even more important as climate change puts even more coastal residents at risk.

Логика эффектов фрейминга Ф. Берто и А. Озгюн – новый формализм для решения проблем семантики пропозициональных установок

The article discusses the problems of formalizing the content of propositional attitudes and how successfully these problems can be solved in possible worlds semantics. The focus of attention is, firstly, on the phenomena that in the psychological literature are called framing effects and in the semantic literature substitution violation in indirect contexts, and, secondly, the problem of logical omniscience. The first part of the article explains why framing effects create a problem for possible worlds semantics and why the agent is inevitably modeled as logically omniscient in this semantics. Next, a description is given of four approaches to the problem of framing effects in possible worlds semantics: metasemantic, pragmatic, multi-model, and the approach associated with modeling topics. For each of the first three, their main shortcomings are given in relation to this problem and in general. The results of applying the latter approach are considered in more detail in the next part of the article using the example of one of the modern systems of doxastic logic, namely the logic of framing effects by Berto and Özgün. The syntax and semantic rules of this logic are outlined, after which it is explained how, according to these rules, the description of framing effects should look like. Models of situations are given in which an agent has both a belief in some proposition and a lack of belief in another proposition, which is necessarily equivalent to the first one. It is shown that the modeling method used does not lead to problems and is intuitively adequate. In the last part, the axiomatics of the logic of framing effects is presented and some theorems are given that are significant in the context of the problem of logical omniscience. An interpretation of these theorems is given, on the basis of which it is concluded that this logic does not cope with the problem of logical omniscience as successfully as with the framing effects themselves. In conclusion, a direction is proposed in which the logic of framing effects can be developed in order to more fully solve the problem of logical omniscience with its help, and the prospects for such development are discussed.

The Effect of Framing and Emotional Intelligence on Audit Judgment with Task Complexity as a Moderating Variable (Empirical Study at a Public Accounting Firm in DKI Jakarta)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Framing and Emotional Intelligence on Audit Judgment with Task Complexity as a moderating variable. The method used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to evaluate whether task complexity strengthens or weakens the relationship between the independent variable (Framing and Emotional Intelligence) and the dependent variable (Audit Judgment). The results showed that Framing and Emotional Intelligence have a positive and significant effect on Audit Judgment, with T-statistic values of 3.367 and 7.378, respectively, and P-values of 0.001 and 0.000, supporting the hypothesis that both variables affect Audit Judgment. However, Task Complexity could not moderate the effect of Framing and Emotional Intelligence on Audit Judgment, as evidenced by a T-statistic value smaller than 1.96 and a P-value greater than 0.05. Therefore, task complexity did not play a role in strengthening or weakening the relationship between Framing and Emotional Intelligence with Audit Judgment.

What's in a Message? Effects of Mental Fatigue and Message Framing on Motivation for Physical Activity.

Many adults worldwide do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. Mental fatigue decreases the likelihood of choosing to engage in PA. Message framing may enhance PA motivation when fatigued. We examined the effects of mental fatigue and message framing on PA motivation with additional focus on the messaging "congruency effect." Three hundred and twenty undergraduates completed measures of dispositional motivational orientation and were exposed to either gain-framed or loss-framed messages before completing an effort discounting questionnaire. Results showed lower motivation to engage in PA of higher intensities and longer durations. Direct effects of message framing on PA motivation were not significant. Interaction effects revealed that participants receiving messages congruent with their dominant motivational orientation showed increased motivation for light-intensity PA and decreased motivation for vigorous-intensity PA as mental fatigue increased. Findings suggest that providing messages congruent with one's dominant motivational orientation may increase motivation for engaging in light-intensity PA when fatigued.

The Language of Lies: An Analysis of Deceptive Linguistic Cues on Malaysian Investors’ Decision Making

In our technology-driven era, scams have become an increasingly pervasive threat, impacting countless individuals daily and causing not only financial losses but also emotional distress and a lack of trust in societal systems. Among the plethora of fraudulent activities, investment scams stand out as one of the top three reported types. These scams often involve scammers gaining the trust of victims through investment tutoring before soliciting money. This qualitative study aims to analyse the linguistic cues of deception embedded in investment scams’ promotional materials. The significance of this research lies in its focus on linguistic cues that utilise considerable influence over investment decision-making processes. The study used linguistic analysis to examine investment scam webpages from reputable organisations like the Securities Commission Malaysia (SC), the Central Bank of Malaysia (CBM), the Financial Consumer Alert List (FCA), and the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). The qualitative analysis revealed different linguistic cues used, such as credibility enhancement, expressive language, cognitive biases, and framing effects. These findings illuminate how scammers manipulate language to shape investors’ perceptions of promotional materials. By offering insights into these deceptive tactics, the study equips individuals with the knowledge necessary to navigate financial environments with greater awareness and resilience, thereby serving as a crucial tool in the ongoing battle against investment fraud.

Behavioral Finance: Several Key Effects of Investor Decision-Making

This paper examines the field of behavioral finance. First, a review of the behavioral finance literature will highlight the key findings and theories that have emerged in this field. Second, this paper will also discuss the practical applications of behavioral finance, including how it can be applied to improve investment decisions and reduce cognitive biases. Finally, several future research directions that may further advance the field of behavioral finance are analyzed, such as exploring the role of emotions in financial decision-making and examining the impact of social factors on investor behavior, pointing out shortcomings and making extensions to current research in this field. This paper will specifically analyze behavioral finance in terms of loss aversion, market anomalies, framing effect and endowment effect, revealing the psychological bias and cognitive bias of human beings in the process of financial decision-making, and providing new perspectives and methods for understanding the operating mechanism of the financial market and investment strategies.

Media framing and trust: A randomized survey experiment on attitudes towards the unvaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic

This research examines the influence of news media and trust in institutions on how vaccinated individuals in Finland perceived the unvaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a randomized survey experiment involving 455 participants and incorporated episodic and thematic news framings on vaccine side effects alongside a non-treatment control group. Episodic framing, which presented personal stories, was found to significantly reduce the inclination to impose additional restrictions on the unvaccinated and lessen the perception of them as an outgroup. The converse effect was shown in thematic framing, which focused on statistics and expert opinions. The study also underscored the pivotal role of trust in institutions: lower trust increases the influence of episodic framing, while strong political trust can mitigate the effects of news framing. This investigation provides vital insights into the interplay between media framing and trust levels in shaping public attitudes towards health risks and non-adherence during a health emergency.

Playing With Spatial Frames: Altering the Body Matrix Through Multisensory Egocentric and Allocentric Body Illusions

The multifaceted nature of body experience, encompassing affective, cognitive, and perceptual components, plays a critical role in the development and persistence of conditions such as anorexia nervosa (AN). Recent research attempted to address such disturbance to improve therapeutical effectiveness, using mirror exposure (ME) and body‐swapping (BS) techniques in immersive virtual reality (VR). Procedures from a third‐person perspective—as mirror‐like experiences—were primarily used to address bodily cognitive and affective components, whereas first‐person ones—as BS—were used to correct distorted body perception. This study investigated the effect of spatial reference frame on body self‐consciousness and body perception during BS. Data revealed two main findings: Even though embodiment was significantly enhanced when participants engaged with a virtual body from a first‐person viewpoint, both egocentric and allocentric perspectives influenced body size estimation (BSE), suggesting that both spatial perspectives critically form and sustain body self‐perception. We discussed predictive coding theory to explain spatial perspective influence on body experience, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of incorporating first and third‐person perspectives on body illusions (BIs) for more effective interventions targeting body‐related disturbances.