Effect Of Filler Type Research Articles

Electromechanical response of smart ultra-high-performance concrete beams under flexure: Effects of filler type and electrode spacing

This study assessed the electrical resistance of smart ultra-high-performance concrete types (S–UHPCs) in the compressive and tensile zones of the flexural specimens subjected to four-point bending tests. The investigated S–UHPCs included a normal ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) (M1) integrated with fine steel slag aggregates (FSSAs) (M2) and a UHPC composed of multiwall carbon nanotubes and FSSAs (M3). The electrical resistance of these S–UHPCs remained relatively stable up to the limit of proportionality followed by a significant decrease. The suitable interelectrode distances for electrical resistance change measurements of the S-UHPC beam (100 × 100 × 400 mm3) were found to be 30:50:30 mm. Moreover, M2 demonstrated the highest stress sensitivity coefficient in the deflection hardening region (SSCMOR) at both tensile and compressive zones, with values of −4.29 and −1.20 %/MPa, respectively. The SSCMOR for M2 in the flexural–tensile zone was 3.58 times greater than that in the flexural–compressive zone.

Effects of filler type and content on mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of carrageenan biocomposite films

This study investigates the influence of various fillers on the properties of carrageenan, a natural polymer derived from red seaweed. Despite its potential for enhanced biocomposite film development, carrageenan faces challenges related to strength. The incorporation of nanoclay into the carrageenan film resulted in a significant increase in film thickness from 0.026 to 0.068 mm. The UV light transmission value for the carrageenan film alone was measured at 30.9 %, whereas films containing 5 wt% of Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and nanoclay exhibited reduced transmission values of 23 %, 18 %, and 1 %, respectively. Notably, the tensile strength of the unfilled carrageenan film was 38.4 MPa, which increased to 38.6, 57, and 60 MPa upon the addition of 3 wt% of nanoclay, APTES, and TEOS fillers, respectively. All fillers contributed to improved tensile strength, with TEOS demonstrating the highest enhancement. The optimal filler content was determined to be 3 wt%. Regarding thermal properties, films containing TEOS displayed higher thermal stability compared to those with APTES, while films incorporating nanoclay exhibited the lowest stability. Findings provide insights into the effects of different fillers on the mechanical, physical and thermal properties of carrageenan films, supporting the development of improved biocomposite materials suitable for application in food packaging.

Thermally conductive and anti-corrosive epoxy composite coatings by synchronously incorporating boron nitride/graphene fillers and polyvinyl pyrrolidone

With the development of modern science and technology, the coatings with the single function of anti-corrosion have failed to cover the special requirements in various practical applications. Particularly, the good heat dissipation effect of anti-corrosive coatings is highly demanded in some devices like electrical machinery, heat exchanger and printed circuit board. Here, a facile, eco-friendly, low-cost method is developed to fabricate thermally conductive and anti-corrosive composite coatings by mixing fillers (including boron nitride (BN) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER). The hybridization of BN and GNP is used to provide more barriers to delay the penetration of corrosive medium and construct a denser heat conduction network in the composite coatings. PVP is selected as the compatibilizer to further improve the anti-corrosion and thermal conductivity of composite coatings. The effects of filler types and contents on the anti-corrosive and thermally conductive properties are researched. At the loading of 30 wt% BN and 0.5 wt% GNP, the BN@GNP/PVP/WER coating reaches the optimizing anti-corrosive ability, where the |Z| value holds around 6.5 × 109 Ω cm2 after soaking in the corrosive medium for 7 days, and the Icorr and Ecorr values are 1.9 × 10−9 A/cm2 and -0.62742 V, respectively. Meanwhile, this coating displays great heat conduction with the thermal conductivity of 0.87 W/mK at about 30 wt% filler loading. Moreover, the electrical properties and hydrophilicity of coatings at different filler formulations are studied. It is worth noting that the higher electrical conductivity of the coatings at higher GNP content may accelerate the corrosion rate. This study provides a simple route for the design and manufacture of highly anti-corrosive and heat-conducting composite coatings, which exhibits great potential application in next-generation electronic packaging and devices.

Structural Design and Research Progress of Thermally Conductive Polyimide Film - A Review.

Currently, heat accumulation has seriously affected stabilities and life of electronic devices. Polyimide (PI) film with high thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) has long been held up as an ideal solution for heat dissipation. Based on the thermal conduction mechanisms and classical thermal conduction models, this review presents design ideas of PI films with microscopically ordered liquid crystalline structure which are of great significance for breaking the limit of λ enhancement and describes the construction principles of thermal conduction network in high-λ filler strengthened PI films. Furtherly, the effects of filler type, thermal conduction paths and interfacial thermal resistances (ITR) on thermally conductive behavior of PI film are systematically reviewed. Meanwhile, this paper summaries the reported research and provides an outlook on the future development of thermally conductive PI films. Finally, it is expected that this review will give some guidance to the future studies in thermally conductive PI film. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Mechanical and Fractured surface characterization of epoxy/red mud/fly ash/ aluminium powder filled hybrid composites for automotive applications

In recent decades, one can observe a great increase in the replacement of traditional materials with polymer composites in high-strength and lightweight applications. High fuel consumption by automobile and aerospace vehicles built from legacy alloys has been a great challenge to material engineers. This has called for researches into lighter material development of the same or even superior mechanical properties to the existing materials in this area of applications. In the present study, epoxy based simple and hybrid composites were prepared with the incorporation of industrial waste as fillers at different weight percentages. Effect of filler type, combination and its concentration on mechanical properties such as tensile, impact and flexural strength were investigated. SEM analysis was carried out for fractured surfaces of composites, wherein minor voids, crack initiations and filler pullouts were seen indicating the necessity of coupling agent addition for still better performance. Among hybrid composites, epoxy/fly ash/red mud/aluminium powder (91/6/1.5/1.5 wt%) has showed the highest ultimate tensile modulus, flexural strength and hardness value compared to other composites under study.

Effect of Filler Types on Cellulose-Acetate-Based Composite Used as Coatings for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants for Trauma.

Magnesium alloys are considered one of the most promising materials for biodegradable trauma implants because they promote bone healing and exhibit adequate mechanical strength during their biodegradation in relation to the bone healing process. Surface modification of biodegradable magnesium alloys is an important research field that is analyzed in many publications as the biodegradation due to the corrosion process and the interface with human tissue is improved. The aim of the current preliminary study is to develop a polymeric-based composite coating on biodegradable magnesium alloys by the solvent evaporation method to reduce the biodegradation rate much more than in the case of simple polymeric coatings by involving some bioactive filler in the form of particles consisting of hydroxyapatite and magnesium. Various techniques such as SEM coupled with EDS, FTIR, and RAMAN spectroscopy, and contact angle were used for the structural and morphological characterization of the coatings. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the effect of filler particles on polymer thermostability. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed on MG-63 cells (human osteosarcomas). The experimental analysis highlights the positive effect of magnesium and hydroxyapatite particles as filler for cellulose acetate when they are used alone from biocompatibility and surface analysis points of view, and it is not recommended to use both types of particles (hydroxyapatite and magnesium) as hybrid filling. In future studies focused on implantation testing, we will use only CA-based composite coatings with one filler on magnesium alloys because these composite coatings have shown better results from the in vitro testing point of view for future potential orthopedic biodegradable implants for trauma.

Effects of Filler Types and High RAP Content on the Ability of HMA to Withstand Moisture Damage

Using hot mix asphalt (HMA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) simultaneously has many technological benefits. At all service temperatures, moisture damage is a hazard with these mixes. Thus, moisture's effects on mixtures' effectiveness were studied using experimental techniques, such as the tensile strength ratio (TSR). Four different ratios of RAP for the surface layer (20, 30, 40, and 50%)) were added to the asphalt mixture (HMA) to study as well as find the content Optimal RAP for both layers RAP through Marshall stability and hygroscopic resistance of asphalt mixtures through moisture damage is examined. The ratio (TSR) of the optimal RAP content mixture is compared with the asphalt mixture without RAP for three fillers and for both layers. The findings revealed a slight reduction in tensile strength of the (HMA) that does not contain RAP in contrast to the asphalt control mix containing the reclaimed pavement, where it was found that the percentages were slightly more and still higher than 80%. The results indicate that, in general, "Hot asphalt mixtures" containing RAP can be recommended for areas that experience moisture damage without worrying about environmental and natural resource restrictions.

Effects of filler types on the microstructural and engineering properties of waste plastic binder composite for construction purposes

Effects of filler types on the microstructural and engineering properties of waste plastic binder composite for construction purposes

The effect of different fillers, loads, and sliding distance on adhesive wear in woven e-glass fabric composites

In this study, adhesive wear of woven E-Glass fabric reinforced composites filled with aramid, B4C and mica particles at 0.5% wt. and 1.5% wt. ratios were carried out under dry sliding conditions. The effects of filler type, applied loads (5, 10 and 15 N) and sliding distances (250, 500 and 750 m) on the tribological behavior of the composites were investigated on the pin-on-disc device. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the friction coefficient in aramid reinforced composites was lower than the other reinforced composites. In wear volume due to wear, it was observed that the aramid wear volume was less. In addition, Wear volume increased with increasing load for all particle reinforcements. But, the highest wear volume occurred in the neat wear sample at 15 N load conditions. For the wear rate and wear volume, the fillers have shown improvement up to 1.5% wt. in the composite. 1.5% wt. aramid-filled glass fiber woven composites showed the lowest wear rate: 2.82 × 10−4 mm3/N-m (at 15 N normal load). In addition, in the scanning electron microscope images taken, it was observed that there were breaks in the size of 15.07 µm in the epoxy and 61.11 µm in the fibers. The use of aramid with particle reinforcement rather than fiber is important for wear. In addition, the lowest wear volume was 65% more resistant at 1.5% wt aramid reinforcement and at 15 N load compared to the unreinforced composite in the abrasion tests.

Toughening and Heat-Resistant Modification of Degradable PLA/PBS-Based Composites by Using Glass Fiber/Silicon Dioxide Hybrid Fillers.

In this paper, to enhance the toughness and heat resistance properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites, the PLA/PBS matrix was modified by different glass fiber (GF), GF/SiO2, and GF/(Polyaluminium chloride) PAC fillers. Additionally, the effect of filler type, filler content, components interaction and composite structure on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA/PBS composites was researched. The results showed that the addition of GF, GF/SiO2 and GF/PAC make the PLA/PBS composites appear significantly higher mechanical properties compared with the pristine PLA/PBS composite. Among the different inorganic fillers, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 fillers showed excellent strengthening, toughening and heat resistant effects. Compared with the pristine PLA/PBS matrix, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength improved by 36.28%, 70.74%, 67.95%, 66.61% and 135.68%, respectively. Considering the above, when the weight loss rate was 50%, the thermal decomposition temperature of the 10%GF/1%SiO2 modified PLA/PBS composites was the highest 412.83 °C and its Vicat softening point was up to 116.8 °C. In a word, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 reinforced PLA/PBS composites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties, which broadens the application of biodegradable materials in specific scenarios.

The effect of filler type and concentration on physicochemical properties and organoleptic of mushroom broth powder

The addition of filler in mushroom broth powder is known to protect the flavour components of the broth during the drying process and improve the physicochemical properties of the broth for the better. However, using the wrong type and concentration of filler can cause a significant decrease in the physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of this product. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the type and concentration of filler on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of mushroom broth powder. The research method used is Nested Design with the use of 2 factors. The first factor is the filler type consisting of maltodextrin and tapioca, while the second factor is the filler concentration, consisting of 3 levels, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. Data analysis was performed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. The best treatment was selected using the Zeleny method. The results showed variations in the type and concentration of different fillers significantly affected water content, protein content, yield, water vapour absorption, L*, a*, b* values, and all organoleptic attributes. The best mushroom broth powder is a sample with a treatment of maltodextrin filler type with a concentration of 7.5%. The best treatment product produced has the characteristics of water content 7.58%, protein content 3.64%, yield 8.43%, water vapour absorption 12.09%, L* 58.78, a* 9.95, b* 35.05, colour organoleptic 4.75 and 4.97 (powder and liquid), aroma 5.26 and 4.75 (powder and liquid), taste 4.77 (liquid), appearance 4.20 and 4.83 (powder and liquid) and overall liking 5.05 and 4.86 (powder and liquid).

Binary hybrid filler composite formulations of surface modified Fe–Si–Al alloys for multifunctional EMI shielding and thermal conduction

Sendust/expanded graphite and Sendust/boron nitride binary composite fillers adhered through surface silane modification and their non-modified, simply mixed, polymer composites were fabricated for optimization of multifunctional EMI shielding and thermal conduction properties. The effect of filler type, filler content, surface modification, and dispersion properties in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix were examined. Through extensive screening of hybrid composite compositions, tunable properties in EMI shielding (2.8–32.1 dB at 3 GHz and 7.6–48 dB at 10 GHz, sample thickness 0.6 mm), through-plane thermal conductivity (0.3–1.694 W/mK), and in-plane thermal conductivity 1.102–6.084 W/mK) were elucidated through electrical conductivity measurements and dispersion morphology within the polymer matrix. The composite materials database reported in this study allows for the selection of customizable properties according to desired application.

Thermal and Adhesion Properties of Fluorosilicone Adhesives Following Incorporation of Magnesium Oxide and Boron Nitride of Different Sizes and Shapes.

Thermally conductive adhesives were prepared by incorporating magnesium oxide (MgO) and boron nitride (BN) into fluorosilicone resins. The effects of filler type, size, and shape on thermal conductivity and adhesion properties were analyzed. Higher thermal conductivity was achieved when larger fillers were used, but smaller ones were advantageous in terms of adhesion strength. Bimodal adhesives containing spherical MgOs with an average particle size of 120 μm and 90 μm exhibited the highest conductivity value of up to 1.82 W/mK. Filler shape was also important to improve the thermal conductivity as the filler type increased. Trimodal adhesives revealed high adhesion strength compared to unimodal and bimodal adhesives, which remained high after aging at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity for 168 h. It was found that the thermal and adhesion properties of fluorosilicone composites were strongly affected by the packing efficiency and interfacial resistance of the particles.

Effects of fillers on the hydrogen uptake and volume expansion of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites exposed to high pressure hydrogen: -Property of polymeric materials for high pressure hydrogen devices (3)-

To develop sealing materials for high-pressure hydrogen devices, the effects of filler type and amount on the hydrogen uptake and volume expansion of rubber composites were evaluated up to 90 MPa. The amount of hydrogen in the rubber matrix and carbon black was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance, and the hydrogen elimination behavior of the composites was analyzed by thermal desorption analyses. As hydrogen physically adsorbed on carbon black, the hydrogen uptake of carbon black-filled composites increased. The hydrogen uptake of the composites filled with nonabsorbent silica was smaller, depending on the weight fraction of silica. The ratio of volume expansion to the amount of hydrogen in the matrix of carbon black-filled composites was suppressed by the reinforcement effect of carbon black, which did not expand with hydrogen uptake. The suppression of silica-filled composites was limited by the volume fraction of silica.

The effects of filler type on the friction and wear performance of PEEK and PTFE composites under hybrid wear conditions

An effort is made to circumvent the negative effects on the outstanding processability and mechanical properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) when it is blended with solid lubricant (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) to improve its tribological performance. A hybrid wear method by composing different type of polymers is proposed and the role of various fillers (i.e., nano-sized, micron-sized particles and short cut carbon fibers) in the PEEK-PTFE-steel hybrid wear system is investigated. Imitating the working condition of a sliding bearing, experiments are conducted under dry conditions on a newly-developed dual-pins-on-disk tribometer in which unfilled PEEK and PTFE composite pins filled with various fillers slide against steel rings in the same wear track. The results reveal a synergistic effect between the two polymer components happened and then improved the tribological performance of the hybrid system. The PTFE composite wear debris generates a fluorine-based tribofilm on the sliding surfaces (i.e., the transfer film on the steel surface, the running film on the PTFE surface, and the secondary transfer film on the PEEK surface), transforming the wear process into one of sliding between the slippery tribofilms. In turn, the hard PEEK component crushes the PTFE wear debris to improve the quality of the formed tribofilms and compacts the transfer film to be thin and uniform.

The Use of Copper Oxides as Cross-Linking Substances for Chloroprene Rubber and Study of the Vulcanizates Properties. Part II. The Effect of Filler Type on the Properties of CR Products.

The properties of rubber materials are dependent on the characteristics of the elastomer matrix, the filler type, the cross-linking agent, the number of ingredients, and their interactions. In the previous article, we showed that chloroprene rubber can be efficiently cross-linked with copper(I) oxide or copper(II) oxide. During the processing of rubber compounds, the incorporation of a filler and a curing substance are two substantial parameters, such as the homogeneity of mixing and cross-linking that significantly affect the properties of the vulcanizates. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the curing characteristics, mechanical and dynamical properties, morphology, and flammability of the composites containing chloroprene rubber cross-linked with Cu2O or CuO and filled with different fillers (silica, carbon black, montmorillonite, kaolin, chalk). It was found that the type of filler and curing agent had a significant impact on the degree of cross-linking of the chloroprene rubber and the properties of its vulcanizates. The degree and speed of the cross-linking of filled CR were higher when the CR was cured with copper(II) oxide. Among the fillers used, the presence of carbon black or silica ensured the highest degree of CR cross-linking and the most useful properties. The flammability tests indicated that all produced vulcanizates were characterized by a high oxygen index, which allows them to be classified as non-flammable materials.

Effects of filler type and aging on self-sensing capacity of cement paste using eddy current-based nondestructive detection

Eddy current-based nondestructive detection was first used for testing self-sensing cement paste in this study. The effects of three functional fillers and aging on self-sensing cement paste were observed. First, the plain mortar exhibited self-sensing ability at the earliest curing time, but its gage factor significantly decrease with ages. Second, among the three functional fillers that were studied - carbon fiber (CF), steel fiber (SF), and carbon black (CB) - the SF exhibited the highest gage factor. Third, the effect of ages on eddy current sensitivity is not obvious. The gage factor SF-reinforced specimens is high in different ages, while the gage of CF- and CB-reinforced specimens change little with ages. This study shows that eddy current-based nondestructive detection is feasible to detect stress and damage-induced variation of cement paste, and SF is the best filler to improve the self-sensing ability of cement paste.

Effect of filler type on non-linear viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt mastic

Effect of filler type on non-linear viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt mastic

Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers.

Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.

Utilization of melamine impregnated paper waste as a filler in thermoplastic composites

The potential utilization of melamine impregnated paper (MIP) waste in thermoplastic composites was investigated. Composites were also manufactured utilizing wood flour (WF) at the same filler rates for comparison. The composites were manufactured using a compression molding method. The effects of filler type and filler rate on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strengths, were determined in accordance with ASTM D638 (2001) and ASTM D790 (2003), respectively. Results showed that filler type and filler content had significant effects on all mechanical properties investigated. Both fillers improved all mechanical properties except for tensile strength and elongation at break of LDPE. In conclusion, MIP waste has a potential to be utilized in thermoplastic-based composite manufacturing and might generate some economic and environmental benefits.