Effect Of Fertilization Research Articles

Effect of foliar organic fertilization and some biostimulants on growth and productivity of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

Effect of foliar organic fertilization and some biostimulants on growth and productivity of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

A review: Effect of nitrogen fertilization and planting distances on the growth and yield of maize

A review: Effect of nitrogen fertilization and planting distances on the growth and yield of maize

Effects of the integrated use of organic and inorganic phosphorus sources in micro-doses on the yield and profitability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Cultivation

An experiment was conducted in the field to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization in microdose using organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and profitability of cowpea cultivation. To achieve this, a balanced application of NPK and granular compost was provided to supply the same amount of phosphorus to the cowpea. Three treatments were compared in a split-plot design with three replications, where the treatments were in large plots and the cowpea varieties, numbering four (4), were in small plots. The three treatments are as follows: (i) T0 control treatment without fertilizer application, (ii) T1 application of two grams of NPK per hole, and (iii) T2 application of 9.375 grams of granular compost per hole. The results show a significant difference in yield parameters between treatments (pod yield, grain yield, and straw yield). The mean comparison test revealed that the control treatment and NPK are quite similar for these parameters. Thus, with compost, an increase of 69.17% in grain yield, 55.47% in pod yield, and 41.67% in straw yield was noted compared to the control. The VCR (value-cost ratio) and gross income were significantly improved by compost. The application of organic or mineral fertilizers for cowpea cultivation is profitable due to relatively high VCRs: 3.34 for NPK and 6.79 for compost. Therefore, the use of compost for cowpea cultivation proves to be economically more profitable, as it yields higher returns.

Soil chemical responses to fertilization, with or without a cover crop, in an olive orchard in southwestern Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Our objective was to study the effect of fertilization on soil chemical traits on an olive orchard (artificially irrigated), considering areas with or without a cover crop, in southwestern Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the period 2020/2021. Fertilization treatments were (1) organic manure applied to the soil near the tree trunk; inorganic fertilization applied to the (2) soil or (3) to the leaves of Olea europaea L. trees; and (4) unfertilized control. Seeding of Vicia benghalensis L. and Avena sativa L. around subplots (one per each of the four studied treatments) constituted the areas with a cover crop. Subplots which were not seeded corresponded to the control areas. Soil pH was lower (p<0.05) under organic and inorganic soil fertilization. In areas without a cover crop in April 2021, soil nitrate concentrations were greater (p<0.05) under organic soil fertilization than in the control. At 0-20 cm soil depth, P concentrations were greater (p<0.05) under organic and inorganic soil fertilizations than in the other treatments. The greatest (p<0.05) K concentrations were found in the organic fertilization treatment. Organic soil fertilization on areas without a cover crop showed greater values for the soil chemical studied traits.

Response of comammox Nitrospira clades A and B communities to long-term fertilization and rhizosphere effects and their relative contribution to nitrification in a subtropical paddy field of China

The recently discovered complete ammonia oxidation (comammox Nitrospira) containing clade A and clade B has further complemented our understanding of nitrification process. Nevertheless, understanding the community feature of comammox Nitrospira clades A and B and their relative contribution to nitrification in paddy rhizosphere are still in its infancy. In this study, we assessed the community diversity and structure of comammox Nitrospira clades A and B in paddy rhizosphere and bulk soils under thirty years of different fertilization strategies, i.e., non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers application (NPK), and NPK plus swine manure (NPKM), respectively. NPKM significantly increased the a-diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indices) of comammox Nitrospira clade A and altered the community structure (P < 0.05) but had little effect on clade B. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of long-term fertilization on soil comammox Nitrospira community and nitrification potential rate (PNR) was much greater than that of rhizosphere. Compared with NPK, soil PNR was greatly increased by 51.0% under the NPKM treatment in the rhizosphere (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis showed that NPKM improved the relative abundances of sub-clade A.2.1 and sub-clade A.3.2 of the comammox clade A community, with an average increase of 212.2 and 210.4% in both rhizosphere and bulk soils relative to the NPK treatment. Soil organic matter, NH4+-N, and pH were significant soil drivers of comammox Nitrospira clades A and B community. Furthermore, linear regression and structural equation modeling clearly showed that comammox Nitrospira clade A a-diversity were significantly associated with soil PNR (P < 0.05). Our results suggest (i) that comammox Nitrospira clade A are sensitive to the organic fertilization; and (ii) that comammox Nitrospira clade A contribute more to nitrification than clade B under the long-term organic fertilized paddy soil.

Growth Curve and Biomass Production of Mestizo Blend Grass (Brachiaria Hybrid) Fertilized with Bokashi-Type Compost

The forage rejected by sheep and goats together with manure, can be considered a problem for the producer when there is no effective strategy to reuse it, in addition, the use of chemical fertilizers to improve the production of forage is a source of environmental pollution. The transformation of these residues into organic fertilizers can be an efficient strategy to re-place the use of chemical fertilizers and maintain forage production. Thus, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth curve and the biomass production of Mestizo blend grass fertilized with Bokashi-type compost. Bokashi was made using waste from sheep and goats as a source of manure and stubble. In a Mestizo grass meadow, apply Bokashi, a dose of 2 T /Ha. With these data, the growth curve was constructed and determined biomass production. An ef-fect of fertilization with Bokashi was found on the growth and biomass accumulation of Mestizo blend grass, being greater from day 14 after fertilization compared to unfertilized grass. On day 49, the grass fertilized with bokashi reached a height of 40 cm and produced 1.795 T/Ha, while the grass without fertilizer grew 31.1 cm and produced 1.231 T Ha-1. Therefore, it is concluded that, under the experimental conditions, the application of Bokashi at a rate of 2 tons per hectare is an effective strategy to increase the biomass production of Mestizo blend grass.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization and shading on morphogenesis, structure and leaf anatomy of Megathyrsus maximus genotypes.

The use of exotic grasses of African origin for pastures in Brazil has been a major advancement in livestock production, but little is known about the responses of these grasses to nitrogen fertilizers associated with shading. In this study, the morphogenetic, structural, and leaf anatomical characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus cultivars' Tamani and Quênia were investigated as a function of N dose and shade. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics and leaf anatomy were studied under three shading levels (0, 30, and 50 %) and four N doses (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha-1) to simulate growth in a silvopastoral system. When comparing the cultivars, Quênia was more efficient in terms of phyllochron up to fertilization with 100 kg N ha-1. The leaf senescence rate of Tamani was higher than that of Quênia at the 30 and 50 % shade levels. The total area (TA) occupied by leaf tissues decreased in Quênia as a function of the increase in N fertilization, whereas the TA of Tamani did not change. The thickness of the adaxial epidermis was greater in Quênia (0.68 µm) than in Tamani (0.50 µm) when not fertilized. The area occupied by the mesophyll was greater in both cultivars when they received fertilization equivalent to 300 kg N ha-1. Quênia grass has a smaller phyllochron than Tamani grass, due to the rapid reconstruction of its photosynthetic apparatus, especially when it receives higher levels of nitrogen fertilization. However, Tamani grass has a greater distribution of plant tissues. The mesophyll area is larger in Tamani grass due to the greater presence of chloroplasts, which facilitates digestion by animals. The Tamani modified the leaf anatomical tissues more significantly in relation to shading, whereas the Quênia modified them in relation to N fertilization, which reinforces the suggestion of a more appropriate use of Tamani in silvopastoral systems.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and PSB Inoculation on Growth Attributes and Root Nodulation of Chickpea

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and PSB Inoculation on Growth Attributes and Root Nodulation of Chickpea

Effects of phosphate fertilization and sulfadiazine on plant growth, root morphology, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of soybean and maize

Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for crop production. Application of livestock manure as organic fertilizer can increase soil P availability, but may cause soil contamination with antibiotics such as sulfadiazine (SD), thus adversely affecting plant growth and nutrient uptake. The effects of P (0 and 50 mg kg−1) and SD (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg−1) levels on plant growth, root development, and nitrogen (N) and P uptake of maize and soybean were examined in a pot experiment using a loess soil as the test soil. High levels of SD considerably inhibited plant growth of both crops. Both P fertilization and SD negatively affected root development of both crops, especially at higher SD levels. For both crops, the average root diameter and the proportion of thick roots increased with increasing soil SD level. When soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1, the effects of P fertilization and SD on plant N and P concentrations, and N:P, N- and P-utilization efficiency were not significant in most cases. The effects of SD on plant N and P nutrition could not be of a great concern when soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1. Overall, soil SD pollution could reduce plant biomass and inhibit root development of soybean and maize, with a stronger effect on root development than on plant biomass at a high soil SD level (≥10 mg kg−1). In agricultural production, attention should be paid to soil SD pollution via manure application.

Long-term effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on profile distribution and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) drives numerous biogeochemical processes (e.g. carbon cycling) in agro-ecosystems and is sensitive to fertilization management. Nevertheless, changes in the quantity and quality of DOM in the vertical soil profile following long-term continuous nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs remain unclear. In this study, the contents and optical characteristics of DOM along a 2-m soil profile were investigated using a 40-year wheat/maize rotation combined with experiments using different N and P fertilization rates in the North China Plain. The results revealed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content decreased with an increase in soil depths. Compared with that in the control (no fertilization), 40-year N, P, and N + P additions increased the soil DOC content by 26%–69%, except for 270-kg N, and 67.5-kg P treatments. N + P application resulted in higher DOC contents than N-alone and P-alone applications. N, P, and N + P inputs increased or did not affect the aromaticity and hydrophobicity of DOM at 0–40 cm but reduced them from 40 to 200 cm. Compared with that in the control, N, P, and N + P inputs enhanced the content of humic acid-like substances (C1+C2+C3+C4) and decreased the content of protein-like substance (C5). C1 was the dominant component among the five DOM, representing the microbial humic component. Optical indices also indicated that soil DOM primarily originated from microbial sources. Nutrient addition accelerated transformation between complex C1 and simple C5 via promoting microbial activities. These results imply that N and P fertilizers increased the DOM content and altered its composition, thereby potentially affecting the stability of soil organic matter in the agroe-cosystems.

Accelerate Senescence Reversed CO2‐Fertilization Effect under Elevated CO2 in Potato: A Weak Relationship with Nitrogen Acquisition

ABSTRACTAccelerated senescence under elevated CO2 (eCO2) has not received sufficient attention, and its impact on the effect of CO2‐fertilization is unclear. To investigate the relationship between plant senescence and CO2 concentration, a pot experiment was conducted in four potato genotypes under low CO2 (LC), medium CO2 (MC) and high CO2 (HC) conditions. Nitrogen (N) uptake and cumulative transpiration were analysed to clarify whether eCO2‐induced senescence could be explained by low N uptake due to reduced transpiration. Compared to LC, the lifespan of potato plants under MC and HC was reduced by 3%–6% and 12%–32%, respectively, depending on the genotype. Biomass accumulation at full senescence was reduced when lifespan was shortened by approximately 5% and 10% under MC and HC, respectively. Cumulative transpiration was less affected by eCO2 during early developmental stages but decreased under eCO2 as plants aged. Plant water use decreased with a shortened lifespan under eCO2, but there was no reduction in N uptake, which was attributed to the high N uptake per unit of water used. The results of this study indicate that senescence in potato genotypes is non‐linearly related to CO2 concentration and cannot be explained by reduced N acquisition via reduced transpiration. The positive effect of CO2 fertilization can be reversed by accelerated senescence under eCO2.

Effects of Conventional and Organic Fertilization on the Chemical Profile of Sorghum bicolor and the Preference of Sugarcane Aphids (Melanaphis sacchari)

Melanaphis sacchari is a cosmopolitan pest that causes losses in sorghum crops, so new management methods are needed. In addition, the type of fertilization used influences plant compositions and pest infestation, and allelochemicals are a promising method for the possible management of M. sacchari. In this work, we measured the preference of M. sacchari through chemical stimuli towards sorghum plants grown under greenhouse conditions without fertilization (F0), conventional fertilization (CF), and organic fertilization (OF). Leaves were collected from sorghum plants fertilized with 200 kg N ha−1 using ammonium sulfate and poultry manure. Extracts were obtained using Soxhlet extraction, and the compounds were identified using a gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sorghum extracts were individually tested through bioassays to determine M. sacchari preference. The abundance and number of compounds in sorghum differed depending on the type of fertilization used. M. sacchari showed a preference for the extract from CF sorghum plants (76.66%) over the extract from OF plants (23.34%). Therefore, the type of fertilization can be used as a tactic to prevent higher infestations of M. sacchari. The biological activity of the compounds identified here with M. sacchari should be determined for future pest management strategies using allelochemicals, given that the sugarcane aphid uses chemical signals to locate its host plant.

Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization

Fixation of atmospheric N2 by free-living diazotrophs accounts for an important proportion of nitrogen naturally introduced to temperate grasslands. The effect of plants or fertilization on the general microbial community has been extensively studied, yet an understanding of the potential combinatorial effects on the community structure and activity of free-living diazotrophs is lacking. In this study we provide a multilevel assessment of the single and interactive effects of different long-term fertilization treatments, plant species and vicinity to roots on the free-living diazotroph community in relation to the general microbial community in grassland soils. We sequenced the dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) and the 16S rRNA genes of bulk soil and root-associated compartments (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and root) of two grass species (Arrhenatherum elatius and Anthoxanthum odoratum) and two herb species (Galium album and Plantago lanceolata) growing in Austrian grassland soils treated with different fertilizers (N, P, NPK) since 1960. Overall, fertilization has the strongest effect on the diazotroph and general microbial community structure, however with vicinity to the root, the plant effect increases. Despite the long-term fertilization, plants strongly influence the diazotroph communities emphasizing the complexity of soil microbial communities’ responses to changing nutrient conditions in temperate grasslands.

Effect of NPK fertilization and seed rate on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield component and nitrogen dynamics in semi-arid conditions

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying of NPK fertilization doses and seed rates on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield components, and inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N) dynamics in semi-arid conditions without artificial irrigation. Material and Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the Gobustan Experimental Station from October 2018 to June 2019, utilizing the "Celilabad-19" barley variety. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed, incorporating various seed rates and NPK fertilizer treatments. Plant and soil samples were collected at different phenological stages, and analyses included grain and straw yield, yield parameters, total N content of plant, and soil NH4-N and NO3-N levels. Results and Discussion: The results the treatment with a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application consistently demonstrated the highest aboveground biomass, grain, and straw yields. This treatment exhibited optimal N content during the Full Maturity stage of plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has provided insights into optimizing barley cultivation practices in semi-arid climates, such as seed rate and NPK fertilizer dose. With a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application, the highest yield and performance indicators were achieved in the “Celilabad-19” barley variety.

Differences in Soil Fertility and Bacterial Community Structure Between Carbon Inputs such as Biochar and Organic Fertilizer and Their Relationship

The potato planting area of Guizhou Province ranks second in China. However, due to factors such as climatic conditions and unbalanced fertilization, soil organic matter in potato fields is consumed rapidly and has a large deficit, which affects soil biological function and soil fertility. Biochar and organic fertilizer are effective ways to supplement foreign aid organic matter to improve soil quality. However, the differences in soil fertility and microbial community structure and their relationships under the conditions of organic fertilizer or biochar combined with chemical fertilizer are not clear. In this study, three treatments of conventional fertilization （NPK）, increased application of biochar （NPKB）, and increased application of organic fertilizer （NPKO） were set up to investigate the characteristics of potato rhizosphere soil, bacterial community composition, and diversity； to analyze the effects of these factors on the soil integrated fertility index； and to explore the direct and indirect effects of IFI on soil fertility and bacterial community structure differences between treatments and their driving factors. The results showed that soil pH, available phosphorus （AP）, available potassium （AK）, total nitrogen （TN）, organic carbon （SOC）, and C/N ratio were significantly higher in the NPKB and NPKO treatments than in the NPK treatment （P<0.05）. Soil IFI was greatest for NPKO, followed by NPKB and least for the NPK treatment. A total of 8 214 ASVs were obtained from all the soil samples, belonging to 26 phyla, 75 classes, 165 orders, 176 families, and 251 genera （excluding unidentified fungi）. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla, accounting for 54.85% of all ASVs. Compared to that in the NPK and NPKB treatments, the NPKO treatment had the highest bacterial diversity and number of significantly different taxa, and soil AN, AP, AK, SOC, TN, and IFI were significant correlates of bacterial diversity index （P<0.05）. Additionally, pH, TN, and SOC were significant influencers of bacterial taxa differences （P<0.05）, with importance ranked as TN （70.59%） &gt; SOC （49.42%） &gt; pH （27.08%）. Structural equations suggested that pH-related soil properties and bacterial community diversity were the direct pathways influencing IFI, and soil pH-related soil characteristics could also indirectly affect IFI by affecting bacterial Shannon diversity. These results indicate that soil fertility and bacterial community structure were significantly different and correlated between the biochar and organic fertilizer addition treatments and that pH and bacterial community diversity were the key factors influencing IFI, with the NPKO treatment in particular having the best effect on improving IFI. Considering the effect of soil fertilization and the functional group of bacteria, NPKO is the recommended combination for the best synergistic effect of soil fertilization, that is, N 150 kg·hm-2+P2O5 135 kg·hm-2+K2O 135 kg·hm-2+organic fertilizer 6.6 t·hm-2.

Effects of Long-term Fertilizations on the Organic Carbon Components of Soil Macroaggregates and the Yield of Wheat in Wheat Fields on the Loess Plateau

Soil macro-aggregates are the main location for soil organic carbon （SOC） sequestration, which is of great significance to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms of the organic carbon （OC） sequestration in macroaggregates and improve crop yield in wheat fields on the loess plateau. With the aggregate-density fractionation method, an eight-year experiment was conducted to investigate the following three factors： ① the effects of long-term fertilization on OC fractions within macroaggregates； ② the variation characteristics of OC fractions within macroaggregates, including coarse particulate organic carbon （cPOC）, fine particulate organic carbon （fPOC）, intra-microaggregate particulate organic carbon （iPOC）, free silt and clay particulate carbon （s+c_f）, and intra-microaggregate silt and clay particulate carbon （s+c_m）； ③ and the relationships between them and SOC input and yield formation. The treatments included no fertilization （CK）, farmer pattern （NP）, optimized fertilizers pattern （NPK）, optimized fertilizers + organic fertilizers pattern （NPKM）, and optimized fertilizers + biological organic fertilizers pattern （NPKB）. The results showed that the application of organic and chemical fertilizer （NPKM and NPKB） improved significantly the SOC content in macroaggregates compared with that in the single fertilizer treatment （NP and NPK）, which had a greater increase in SOC content in macroaggregates than that of the soil. All fertilization treatments had a tendency to increase the content of fractions iPOC, fPOC, and iPOC in macroaggregates, but silt and clay carbon （s+c_f and s+c_m） contents were decreased. The application of manure combined with chemicals markedly increased the allocations of fractions cPOC, fPOC, and iPOC reserves, but it greatly decreased （s+c_f） reserves allocation. However, the application of chemical fertilizers only significantly increased the proportion of cPOC reserves in macroaggregates. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among wheat grain yield and OC fractions （cPOC and fPOC） contents, SOC content, the OC content of &gt;0.25 mm macroaggregates, and SOC input, and the correlation coefficient was 0.645-0.883. In conclusion, long-term fertilization, especially combined with organic fertilizer, could promote the free silt and clay carbon fraction （s+c_f） to transfer into other forms of OC components through the increase in soil carbon input in the wheat field of the loess plateau. Furthermore, the OC content of macroaggregates was increased overall, providing a good soil environment for crop yield.

Effect of Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization on Performance and Economics of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivation under Rainfed Conditions of Nagaland

Background: Crop production relies heavily on essential nutrients. Balanced soil-applied fertilizers, along with foliar sprays, can improve input efficiency and crop performance, particularly in rainfed areas prone to moisture stress. Method: A field investigation was conducted at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, during rabi season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with four main factors comprising of soil-application of different doses of N (nitrogen) in two splits (based on RDF of 40 kg N ha-1) viz., 100 % N, 75% N, 50% N and 25% N and five sub-factors comprising of foliar sprays of N viz. Control (water spray), single spray of Nanourea @ 3 ml liter-1, two sprays of Nanourea @ 3 ml liter-1, single spray of Urea @ 2% and two sprays of Urea @ 2 %. Result: Among the different soil application treatments, significantly highest NUE (Agronomic Efficiency), seed yield (996.80 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3032.10 kg-1) was recorded with soil application of 100 % N ultimately recording the highest net return (Rs. 26004 ha-1) and IBCR (5.80). Whereas, two sprays of Nanourea @ 3 ml L-1, among foliar treatments, recorded the highest NUE (Agronomic Efficiency), seed and stover yield (918.44 kg ha-1 and 3032.26 kg ha-1 respectively) as well as net returns (Rs. 22988 ha-1) and IBCR (5.5).

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis Romanesco

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis Romanesco

Effect of chemical, organic fertilization and storage time on the yield and quality of the dragon head (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant

Effect of chemical, organic fertilization and storage time on the yield and quality of the dragon head (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant

Strengths of fertilizer and litter effects on seedling recruitment and growth of grassland species differ depending on functional groups and seed size.

Agricultural grasslands play an important role in conserving the biodiversity of the European cultural landscape. Both, litter cover and soil nutrient availability, change with grassland management, but it is not well-studied how seedling recruitment and growth of multiple grassland species are influenced by their single or combined effects. Therefore, we studied the effects of nitrogen fertilization (100 kg N per year and ha) and litter cover (250 gdw per m2) on seedling recruitment and growth of 75 temperate grassland species (16 graminoid species, 51 forb species, 8 legume species) in a full factorial microcosm experiment. Overall, fertilizer reduced seedling emergence, while litter cover increased it even when combined with fertilization. Fertilization increased seedling height and biomass, and the combination of fertilizer and litter resulted in even stronger responses. Litter cover alone did not influence seedling biomass or seedling height. While the overall direction of treatment effects was similar across functional groups, their strengths were mostly weaker in graminoids than in non-legume forbs and legumes. Positive litter effects on seedling emergence were stronger in large-seeded species. Positive fertilization effects on seedling growth were stronger in small-seeded species, while their seedling biomass was negatively affected by litter cover. In summary, our results show for multiple grassland species that the combination of litter cover and fertilization modulates their single effects. The varying sensitivity of how grassland species representing different functional groups and seed sizes respond with their seedling emergence and growth to litter cover and nitrogen fertilization indicates that the consequences of land-use change on grassland diversity and composition already start to manifest in the earliest stages of the plant life cycle.