Effects Of Fertilizer Treatments Research Articles

The Effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth

Tomato is a plant of solanaceae family, has short stems, and grows well in tropical climates. Tomatoes have vegetative and generative growth phases. The availability of nutrients largely determines the vegetative growth phase. The purpose of the study is to determine: (1) the effect of vermicompost on tomato growth, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on tomato growth, (3) the interaction effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on tomato growth. The research was conducted using experimental methods. The research was carried out from April to July 2021. The research design was a 4 x 5 complete random factorial design with three repetitions. NPK fertilizer consisted of 4 levels of treatment doses, while vermicompost consisted of 5 levels of treatment doses. The research finding shows that the application of NPK fertilizer of 0.8 grams per plant significantly affected stem diameter, the number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height of tomatoes. Treatment of vermicompost of 1.8 kg of vermicompost resulted in the best stem diameter, number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height. The combination of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on stem diameter, the number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height of tomatoes.

Long-term straw rather than manure additions improved least limiting water range in a Vertisol

Least limiting water range (LLWR) is a range in soil water content not limiting root growth, which integrates the effect of soil water retention, aeration, and penetration resistance. This study aimed to assess the effect of different long-term fertilization treatments on LLWR in the surface layer of a Vertisol. Soil samples were taken from six long-term fertilization treatments including no fertilization (Control), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilization plus low amount of straw (NPKLS), inorganic fertilization plus high amount of straw (NPKHS), inorganic fertilization plus pig manure (NPKPM) and inorganic fertilization plus cow manure (NPKCM) for measuring LLWR. Results showed that in comparison with the Control, the manure treatments (NPKPM and NPKCM) increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) more pronounced than the straw treatments (NPKLS and NPKHS). However, the water stable aggregates (WSA0.25) in the manure treatments was much smaller than the straw treatments. Soil water content at field capacity (θFC) was significantly higher in the manure treatments (NPKPM and NPKCM) than the other treatments. However, soil water content at soil penetration resistance of 3 MPa (θPR) was significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the manure treatments. The LLWR in the manure treatments had sharper decline with bulk density than the other treatments. In comparison with the Control and NPK treatments, the straw treatments significantly increased the LLWR, but manure treatments did not, probably resulting from positive relation between SOC and penetration resistance at a given soil water content and less favorable effect of the manures on soil aggregation than the straw. The S index was significantly increased by the NPKCM treatment relative to the Control, and positively correlated with the SOC. The variation of WSA0.25 instead of SOC could explain the change of LLWR under different fertilization treatments effectively. These observations imply that the LLWR could assess the effect of organic fertilizations on soil physical quality more comprehensively.

Response of Soil Organic Carbon Content in Different Slope Positions to Fertilization Management in Purple Soil Sloping Fields

The purple soil sloping field is the main cultivated land type in the Three Gorges area, and the soil fertility directly determines crop yield. In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the soil organic carbon content at different slope positions, field experiments were carried out at the Three Gorges Reservoir Test Station of Chengdu Institute of Mountain and Disasters, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A total of five treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(T1), optimum fertilization(T2), biochar combined with 85% of T2(T3), and straw combined with 85% of T2(T4), to study the differences in soil aggregate composition, soil total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, and microbial carbon content at different slope positions under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that:①Fertilization increased the content of soil mass and improved the organic carbon content of soil, especially with T3 and T4 treatments. ②The sequence of distribution of soil organic carbon content with CK, T1, and T2 treatments in different slope positions was downslope position>middle slope position>upslope position, while the soil organic carbon content of T3 and T4 treatments was the highest at the middle slope position. ③With the decrease of slope, the soluble organic carbon content of CK, T1, T2, and T3 treated soil showed an increasing trend; the carbon content of CK, T1, T2, and T4 treated soil microorganisms increased; while the distribution of T3 treated soil microbial carbon on the slope was highest at the middle slope followed by the lower slope. In general, both biochar and straw treatments can significantly increase soil carbon content and delay the migration of soil carbon on slopes, which provides guidance for improving the soil quality and reducing water pollution of purple soil dry slopes in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

Short-term changes of the δ15N natural abundance of aboveground biomass and topsoil in temperate grassland – Effects of prolonged summer drought

Analysis of isotopic signatures of nitrogen (15N) is a widely used method for identifying and tracking pathways of N losses in agriculture. It is not yet clear what drives the development of the isotopic signal over time after change of management in grasslands. In a three-year field experiment in cut grassland on a sandy soil in northwest Germany, we investigated the response of isotopic signals in aboveground biomass and topsoil to different fertilizer management regimes: cattle slurry (org.) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN, syn.) were applied at different rates (0 kg N ha−1; 120 kg N ha−1 org.; 240 kg N ha−1 org.; 240 kg N ha−1 org./syn.; 360 kg N ha−1 org./syn.). Samples of aboveground biomass and topsoil were taken at the end of vegetation period every year. For aboveground biomass, the effects of fertilizer treatment on the isotopic signal were already evident in the second year and δ15N values ranged from 0.933‰ to 8.049‰. In the topsoil, the δ15N values ranged from 3.670‰ to 5.322‰ and a differentiation in δ15N values among fertilizer treatments could be proven for the third year of the study. We conclude that isotopic signals in aboveground biomass and topsoil can already be detected after a period of 2–3 years. Drought conditions can boost the detection of isotopic signals as they favor NH3 losses and lead to a reduced sink function of biomass and, consequently, large N surpluses.

The Effect of Fertilizer Treatment on the Morphology of Maize (Zea mays) Planted in An Intercropping System in the Immature Oil Palm Plantation

Applying and optimizing an intercropping system between oil palm and seasonal crops such as maize in the immature palm oil plantation is one way of obtaining additional income for farmers until the main crop (oil palm) mature and ready to harvest. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on the growth and production of maize in an intercropping system with oil palm. The experiment, using one-factor randomized complete block design, was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University, Indonesia, from August to December 2020. Four set-ups were prepared corresponding to four different fertilizer applications as follows: A0 (without treatment), A1 (240 g Urea + 80 g KCl + 320 g SP-36 per plot), A2 (480 g Urea + 160 g KCl + 320 g SP-36 per plot), A3 (720 g Urea + 240 g KCl + 320 g SP-36 per plot). Applying the highest dosages of N and K (A3), significantly increased plant height, fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, cob weight, and husk-free cob weight. Intercropping maize with immature oil palm did not affect the oil palm growth.

Soil microbial community composition in a paddy field with different fertilization managements.

Microbes play vital roles in soil quality; however, their response to N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) fertilization in acidic paddy soils of subtropical China remains poorly understood. Here, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on microbial communities by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that different fertilization treatments did not exert a significant effect on microbial alpha diversity, but altered soil properties, and thus affected microbial community composition. The microbial communities in the T1 (optimized N and P fertilizer) and T2 (excessive N fertilizer) treated soils differed from those in the T0 (no N and P fertilizer) and T3 (excessive P fertilizer) treated soils. In addition, the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria, and the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated all the fertilized treatments. Soil total potassium (TK) concentration was the most important factor driving the variation in bacterial community structure under different fertilization regimes, while the major factors shaping fungal community structure were soil TN and NO3--N (nitrate N). These findings indicate that optimization of N and P application rates might result in variations in soil properties, which changed the microbial community structure in the present study.

Application of Drip Irrigation on Various Planting Media and Cow Urine in the Main Media of Preliminary Oil Palm Nursery

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and biological organic fertilizer treatment on oil palm growth. This study used a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. This research consisted of three experiments, namely drip irrigation, planting media composition, and cow urine dose on the growth of oil palm seedlings. There are three levels of drip irrigation, namely 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Experiments on the type of planting media composition consisted of two types, namely M1 (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) and M2 (ultisol soil + empty bunches + goat manure). The cow urine experiment consisted of three levels, namely 100 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml. The results showed that giving water for 30 minutes gave the best results on stem circumference, plant height increase, plant dry weight increase, plant wet weight increase in oil palm seedlings. M1 media (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) had a significant effect on the increase in plant height, wet weight and dry weight of oil palm seedlings. Treatment of 150 ml cow urine liquid fertilizer is sufficient for the needs of oil palm seedlings with a response that is not different from 200 ml of cow urine.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activities in Coal Mining Residuals of Alpine Mining Area

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activities in Coal Mining Residuals of Alpine Mining Area

Genetic Variation and the Effect of Herbicide and Fertilization Treatments on Wood Quality Traits in Loblolly Pine

Abstract The effect of silvicultural treatments (herbicide, fertilization, herbicide + fertilization) and the interactions with genetic effects were investigated for wood quality traits in a 16-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetic test established in southwest Georgia, USA. Fertilizer and herbicide treatment combinations were applied multiple times to main plots containing 25 open-pollinated families as sub plots. Significant differences among treatments were found for all traits. Squared acoustic velocity, used as a surrogate for wood stiffness, was higher in herbicide-only plots compared with other treatments. Wood density was considerably lower in fertilization plots. A large proportion of variance observed for wood quality traits was explained by additive genetic effects, with individual-tree heritabilities ranging from 0.78 (ring 7–16 section wood density) to 0.28 (ring 2–6 section wood density). Corresponding family-mean heritability values were well over 0.86. Genotype-by-treatment interactions were nonsignificant for all traits, indicating no need to match families to silvicultural treatments. Wood quality traits had weak genetic correlations with growth and stem quality traits (stem slenderness, sweep, and branch angle) with a range of −0.33 to 0.43, suggesting that recurrent selection on growth or stem quality traits would not adversely affect wood quality in loblolly pine.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Shape, Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Capsicum annuum L.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Shape, Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Capsicum annuum L.

Effects of shading and fertilizer treatments on the growth characteristics of Chamaecyparis obtusa (S. et Z.) Endlicher seedlings

Chamaecyparis obtusa is increasing the main reforestation species in the warmer southern part of the Republic of Korea because of its resistance to climate warming and economic value for timber. In this study, we investigated the growth response of Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings to combined artificial shading (full sunlight, 35%, 55%, and 75%) and fertilization (no fertilization, 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L 1.5 g/L, 2.0 g/L, 3.0 g/L) treatments. Seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest height growth while seedlings treated with 0.5 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest growth of root collar diameter. Seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest total dry weight while those treated with 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 1.5 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition and 0.5 g/L fertilization in 35% artificial shading showed the highest Height/Root collar diameter ratio. In addition, seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest seedling quality index. In general, the fertilization treatment effects on seedling growth characteristics were appreciably significantly different across the shading treatment conditions. The magnitude of the differences in the interaction effect of the fertilization treatments is higher in lower than in higher shading treatment conditions. The results suggest that 1.0 g/L seedling fertilization growing in full sunlight condition is the most appropriate nursery treatment level for producing superior quality Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings. The suggested optimum artificial shading and fertilizer treatments level can be used as preliminary data for producing superior seedlings Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings capable of achieving sustained reforestation and landscape restoration success in the southern part of the Republic of Korea and similar locations with warming climatic and conditions.

Effects of soil water regime and nitrogen addition on ectomycorrhizal community structure ofPicea asperataseedlings

AbstractBackgroundEctomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a fundamental driver in forest ecosystems. Studies of effects of fertilizer treatment on ECM fungal community structure were predominantly based on large, single additions of nitrogen. Studies involving chronic additions of nitrogen in combination with different gradients of water regime are much less common.AimTo investigate effects of water regime and nitrogen addition on the structure and diversity of ECM community, and identify main factors leading to changes in ECM community ofPicea asperata.MethodsThe structure and diversity of the ECM community were assessed by Illumina high throughput sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA extracted from ECM root tips, after 5 years of different gradients of water regimes [40% (W1), 50% (W2), 60% (W3), 80% (W4) and 100% (W5) of field capacity, respectively] and nitrogen additions [0 (N0), 20 (N1), 40 (N2) g N m–2y–1by adding ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution].ResultsECM community structure was altered by water and nitrogen treatments. Clearer separations were found under water treatment than under nitrogen treatment. ECM community species richness of N1 was significantly higher than that of N2 under W5 treatment and was significantly influenced by the interaction of water and nitrogen. However, the diversity and evenness of the ECM community were unaffected. Soil water content (SWC), nitrogen availability and their interaction, soil available phosphorus, and pH (which were induced by treatments) significantly explained the variation in ECM community structure among different treatments.ConclusionECM species are more sensitive to changes in SWC than changes in nitrogen addition. Nitrogen and water treatments influenced the structure of the ECM community mainly through altering the relative abundances of exploration types and specific genera. Our findings can enhance understanding of the implications of nitrogen addition and water regime on soil processes in ECM‐dominated coniferous forests under global changes.

Mitigation of methane emission in a rice paddy field amended with biochar-based slow-release fertilizer

Despite improving soil quality and reducing nitrogen (N) loss in paddy soil, replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer would significantly accelerate greenhouse gas emission in terms of methane (CH4). The application of slow-release fertilizer has been proposed an effective approach to control CH4 emissions, in addition to reducing N loss. Yet, the understanding of CH4 emissions from paddy fields with the additions of different fertilizers is still less known. Therefore, the effects of different fertilizer treatments, including chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), mixed chemical and organic fertilizer treatment (OF), biochar-based slow-release fertilizer treatment (SF), and no fertilizer control treatment (CK) on CH4 emissions and methanogenic community structure in paddy soils were investigated through a field experiment. Results showed that slow-release fertilizer addition significantly decreased CH4 emissions by 33.4%, during the whole rice growing season compared to those in OF. The cumulative CH4 emissions were in a significantly positive relation to soil NH4+-N. Slow-release fertilizer amendment decreased the relative abundances of Methanosarcina and Methanoregula and increased the relative abundances of hydrogenotrophic Methanocella and Rice Cluster I. Reduced CH4 emissions with slow-release fertilizer amendment might be mainly attributed to the different forms of N in the fertilizer and available potassium (K) in the paddy soil. Our findings produce novel insights into the application of slow-release fertilizer in controlling CH4 emissions from rice fields.

Comparison of resilience of different plant teams to drought and temperature extremes in Denmark in sole and intercropping systems

ABSTRACT Intercropping (IC) can reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements, supress weeds, and improve crop yields and yield stability. Three field trials were conducted in Denmark in 2018 with intercropping and sole crops (SC) using spring wheat, barley, faba bean and field pea to compare productivity under five fertilizer levels. The trials were carried out using in a split-plot design with four. Anomalous weather during the 2018 cropping season created drought conditions and high temperatures above 31°C. No effect of fertilizer treatment was found, and total dry matter and grain yields were supressed in all systems. Wheat grain yields averaged 2.14 t ha−1 across systems, ranging from 1.58 t ha−1 as a component of the IC to 2.44 t ha−1 as SC, and barley grain yields averaged 2.35 t ha−1. Faba bean yielded 1.78 t ha−1 as SC, but failed in the IC. Pea failed in both systems. Intercropping barley with cover crops had no effect on grain yield or total dry matter. These results suggest that intercropping provided no production advantage during a drought and illuminate the need to continue conducting research and breeding on drought-resistant cultivars.

Growth and production of Cilembu sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties in the highlands with potassium fertilizer and pruning treatments

The efforts to increase the productivity of sweet potatoes is applying of potassium and pruning treatments. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilizer and pruning treatments on the growth and production of Cilembu sweet potato varieties in the highlands (1.340 m above sea level). The study was conducted at “Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran” (Vegetable Crops Research Institute), Tongkoh Village, Berastagi – Tanah Karo on September 2018 - March 2019, using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was potassium fertilizer (0; 7; 14 and 21 g KCl/plant) and the second factor was pruning (without pruning; pruning till 3 tendrils; pruning till 2 tendrils and pruning till 1 tendril). The result of the research showed the treatment of potassium (7-21 g/plant) significantly increased the tuber size compared to without potassium fertilizer. The combination of 7 g KCl/plant and pruning till 2 tendrils treatments significantly increased the length of the main tendrils at 10-11 week after planting and tuber length per sample. While the combination of 14 g KCl/plant and pruning till 3 tendrils treatments produced the highest tuber weight per plot.

English

The impact of organic fertilizers on the carbon source/sink balance of tobacco soil ecosystem remains controversial. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments(no fertilizer,chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsincludingsoil carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia volatilization and comprehensive greenhouse effects. The results showed that tobacco soil ecosystem can be carbon source orsink, depending mainly on the carbon sequestration of the plant. Comparing with chemical fertilizer, the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the CO2emission flux and C emission from soil, and significantly increased the carbon sequestration of tobacco plants. The carbon sequestration function of organic fertilizer was closely related to the carbon accumulation of tobacco plants. Comparedwith the chemical fertilizer, soil ammonia volatilization and N2O emission flux were increased by adding organic fertilizer. Both the soil N emission and the biological nitrogen fixation were increased by organic fertilizer. The greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)of organic fertilizer treatment decreased by 14.60%, a remarkable emission reduction, whilethe tobacco yield of organic fertilizer treatment increased 19.12%. Therefore, increasing organic fertilizer in tobacco planting fields is an important way to promote tobacco yield, carbon sequestration and emission reduction.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Biomass, nutrient concentration and the essential oil composition of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) grown with organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizers might have prominent effects on lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) plant growth and secondary metabolites composition. A field study was conducted to assess the responses of biomass yield, nutrients, and essential oil components of lavender to different organic fertilizers. The effect of fertilizer treatments included changing the amounts of cow manure (0–40 tonne/ha) and vermicompost (0–15 tonne/ha). The fertilizers enhanced the total area and dry matter of the leaves by 40% with cow manure and 62% with compost compared to no fertilization. The essential oil yield increased by 70% after treatment with cow manure. The highest change in the essential oil composition was marked in the oxygenate monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, followed by borneol, and camphor. The highest percentage of 1,8-cineole was achieved with a mix of both organic fertilizers. In addition, this combination was able to increase the leaf N concentration by 43% above the unfertilized treatment. These results showed that the use of combined fertilizers enhanced the leaf dry matter and improved the plant nutrient value and essential oil constituents.

Effects of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Enzyme Activities in North China

The application of organic fertilizer affects soil microbes and enzyme activities. In this study, we explored the effects of various long-term different fertilization treatments (manure, M; chemical fertilizer, NP; manure + chemical fertilizer, MNP; and no fertilizer, CK) on bacterial community structure and soil sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities in Shaping, Hequ, China. High-throughput sequencing was used to amplify the third to the fourth hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA for analysis of the bacterial community structure. Enzyme activities were determined by colorimetry. Soil treated with MNP had the highest bacterial Abundance-based Coverage Estimator index and enzyme activities. The principal coordinates analysis results showed significant differences among the various fertilization treatments (p < 0.001). Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi were consistently dominant in all soil samples. The redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that the soil bacterial communities were significantly correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic matter, urease, and alkaline phosphatase. Our results reveal the fundamentally different effects that organic and inorganic fertilizers have on soil bacterial communities and their functions.

Co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers under deficit irrigation improves the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the individual and interactive effects of various irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments on the quality of the Wonderful pomegranate cultivar.MethodsTwo field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the individual and interactive effects of various organic and mineral fertilizer treatments on the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate under various irrigation conditions. A split-plot experimental design was used, in which the main plots included three levels of irrigation (100%, 80%, and 60% of evapotranspiration) while the subplots included five fertilizer treatments with different co-application ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers.ResultsAll tested physicochemical properties of the fruit were significantly affected by the irrigation treatment, with irrigation at 80% of evapotranspiration representing the best strategy for reducing water use and improving fruit quality. Moreover, the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit quality, with 75% mineral + 25% organic fertilizer improving all of the physical and chemical properties of the fruit in both experimental seasons. Irrigation and the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers also had a significant interaction effect on the physicochemical attributes of fruit, which further increased fruit quality.ConclusionsThe co-application of organic and mineral fertilizers produced better quality pomegranate fruit than mineral fertilizer alone under deficit irrigation conditions. This technique could therefore be applied to improve the fruiting of horticultural trees in arid growing regions.

Long-Term Soil Nutrient Management Affects Taxonomic and Functional Weed Community Composition and Structure

Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type (e.g., organic vs. inorganic), and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. The objective of this research was to compare the long-term effect of different fertility treatments in a corn (Zea mays L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of weed communities by analyzing the soil weed seedbank. After 14 years of a long-term experiment in Aurora, NY, United States, soils were sampled in five fertility treatments for corn years in the rotation: liquid dairy manure, semi-composted separated dairy solids; or inorganic nitrogen (N) as starter fertilizer with either no sidedress N, a low rate or a high rate of inorganic N as sidedress fertilizer. Soil was collected in early spring 2015 and a greenhouse weed seed germination bioassay was used to quantify the germinable soil weed seedbank. Total weed seedbank density, species richness, and evenness did not vary by treatment. However, fertility treatments modified the ecological niche represented by 20 environmental descriptors, which filtered the weed community creating distinct functional group assemblages. A trait-based analysis revealed that nitrophilic dicotyledons preferring alkaline soil were associated with high concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer, whereas highly specialist monocotyledons preferring high amounts of light were associated with low concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer. Because fertility treatments affected weed community composition but not seed bank density and richness, results encourage the development of holistic management strategies that adopt coherent weed management and crop fertilization.