Effects Of Exercise Intervention Research Articles

Effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Data sources We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to January 2023) for RCTs that evaluated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. Review methods Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro Scale. Mean differences (MDs), standard MDs (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Fourteen studies met the study criteria, including 1259 patients. Exercise interventions improved aerobic capacity SMD 0.2 (95% CI: 0.03–0.3, I2 = 0% N = 880, nine studies, high-quality evidence), and physical component score of health-related quality of life MD 3.3 (95% CI: 1.0–5.6, I2 = 57%, six studies N = 669, moderate-quality evidence). In addition, a significant reduction in depression was observed MD −1.4 (95% CI: −2.7 to −0.1, I2 = 0% N = 148, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Exercise intervention was associated with improvement of aerobic capacity, depression, and physical component score of health-related quality of life after hospital discharge for survivors of critical illness.

Physical activity improves the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Our network meta-analysis aimed to ascertain the effect of physical activity on the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to propose tailored exercise interventions for each group. Employing a frequentist approach, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in improving the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, we explored the moderating variables influencing the effectiveness of the exercise interventions through a subgroup analysis. We included 34 articles involving 3,074 participants in the meta-analysis, comprised of 1,537 participants from studies on mild cognitive impairment and 1,537 participants from studies on Alzheimer's disease. The articles included exhibited an average quality score of 6.6 (score studies) and 6.75 (reaction time [RT] studies), all passing the inconsistency test (p > 0.05). In the mild cognitive impairment literature, mind-body exercise emerged as the most effective exercise intervention (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.07-1.14). In Alzheimer's disease research, aerobic exercise was identified as the optimal exercise intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71). The results of the subgroup analysis suggest that the most effective approach to enhancing the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment entails exercising at a frequency of three or more times per week for over 60 min each time and at a moderate intensity for more than 3 months. Suitable exercise options include mind-body exercise, multicomponent exercise, resistance exercise, and aerobic exercise. For individuals with Alzheimer's disease, we recommend moderately intense exercise twice per week for over 90 min per session and for a duration of 3 months or longer, with exercise options encompassing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise.

Effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical and health outcomes in patients admitted to an acute medical ward: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient medical ward exercise on physical and health outcomes in adults compared with usual care. Data sources Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from inception to 20 April 2023. Review methods Randomised-controlled trials in English that reported physical and health outcomes of adults who received an exercise intervention on an acute medical ward were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro and TESTEX scales. The GRADE rating assessed the quality of evidence to evaluate the certainty of effect. Meta-analyses were performed where possible. Results Thirteen studies were included, with 1273 unique participants (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [11] years), which compared exercise intervention with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated a significant improvement in aerobic capacity ([MD], 1.39 m [95% CI, 0.23, 2.55], p = 0.02) and maximum isometric strength ([MD], 2.3 kg [95% CI, 2.2, 2.4], p < 0.001) for the exercise intervention compared with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated no difference for in-hospital falls count ([OR], 1.93 [95% CI, 0.61, 6.12] p = 0.27) or mortality ([OR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.48, 1.23], p = 0.27). Moderate quality evidence demonstrated no difference for length of stay ([MD], −0.10 days [95% CI, −0.31, 0.11] p = 0.36). Conclusion Exercise prescribed during an acute medical ward stay improves aerobic capacity and maximum isometric strength but may not reduce length of stay, in-hospital falls or mortality.

The Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background and ObjectiveExercise is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for subjective cognitive decline, but it is unclear which type of exercise is most effective. The objective was to assess the comparative effects and ranks of all exercise-based interventions on cognitive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodIn this network meta-analysis, Online databases for Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO were searched from inception to April 30, 2023. The included studies are randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of exercise interventions for individuals with SCD. The primary outcome measure is memory, while secondary outcome measures encompass executive function, attention, verbal fluency, and global cognitive function. Represented using Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) along with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Bias assessment was conducted in accordance with the ‘Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, 2nd Edition’ (RoB 2). Pairwise meta-analysis was carried out using the ‘meta-analysis’ module within STATA 14.0, and network meta-analysis was performed using the ‘mvmeta’ and ‘network’ packages available in STATA 14.0. Registration number CRD42023289687.ResultThis study included a total of 11 randomized controlled trials, encompassing 1,166 patients. Mind-body exercise was found to be efficacious in enhancing or sustaining memory (SMD: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.06 ∼ 1.10) and executive function (SMD: 0.41, 95%CI: 0.09 ∼ 0.73) in individuals with subjective cognitive decline. Furthermore, mind-body exercise exhibited the highest probability of being the most effective measures for improving or preventing the decline in memory (surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value: 90.4) and executive function (SUCRA value: 91.8). The second-ranked moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has also shown a positive effect on the improvement of executive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SMD: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.03 ∼ 0.43, SUCRA value: 68.2). However, we did not observe a significant effectiveness of exercise interventions on verbal fluency, attention, and overall cognitive function in subjective cognitive decline.ConclusionMind-body exercise may potentially be the optimal strategies for enhancing memory and executive function in individuals with subjective cognitive decline. Additionally, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has shown a modest positive effect on executive function in subjective cognitive decline. When resources permit, practical application of these findings may be considered. Nevertheless, further support for the conclusions of this study is warranted through larger sample sizes and well-designed multicenter trials.

Effects of 8-week endurance, strength, and coordination exercise interventions on attention in adolescents: a randomised controlled study

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the effect of 8-week endurance, resistance, and coordination training programmes on adolescents’ attention. Adolescent students (N = 96) aged 15–18 years were randomised to one of three exercise intervention groups (endurance, strength, coordination) or to a non-exercise, control group. The random assignment to the study groups was stratified according to participants’ age and gender. The intervention lasted for eight consecutive weeks, with two 50-min training sessions per week. Before and after the exercise intervention, all participants completed the d2-test of attention. A 4 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with contrast-coded test was used as the main analysis method. The analysis revealed that attentional test performance increased from before to after the exercise intervention for all exercise groups, as compared with the control group. The coordination group showed the highest, and the strength group the lowest, improvements in attentional performance. These results indicate that long-term exercise intervention is in general beneficial for adolescent students’ attention, with the greatest effects being observed in the coordination exercise group. Physical education teachers are encouraged to enrich their lessons with coordinative tasks.

The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths.

This study aimed to investigate how single-bout open-skill exercise (OSE), closed-skill exercise (CSE), and mixed-skill exercise intervention (MSE) influence executive function. A total of 120 students aged between 18 and 25 were separated into three groups: closed-skill exercise, open-skill exercise, and mixed-skill exercise. A task-switching test was performed before and after a single bout of exercise intervention. The simple reaction time, choice reaction time, switch cost, and correction rate were tested in a task-switching test. The results were analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of α = 0.05, to compare the effects of the intervention. Only open-skill exercise exhibited a significant effect on the simple reaction time (p < 0.05). In terms of choice reaction time and switch cost, all three intervention groups exhibited significant improvements, with no significant differences observed between the three groups (p < 0.05). The correction rate did not show a significant effect post-intervention, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. The correction rate showed no significant effect after the intervention or between groups. All three types of exercise can shorten choice reaction time and switch cost, but only OSE can reduce simple reaction time.

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

Effects of oral oligopeptide preparation and exercise intervention in older people with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundNutrition and exercise are important interventions for sarcopenia. There were few studies on oral oligopeptide nutrition preparations combined with exercise to intervene in the older people with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of oligopeptide nutrition preparation combined with exercise intervention on the older people with sarcopenia in community.MethodsA total of 219 subjects aged 65 years or older with sarcopenia were randomly divided into 4 groups. The nutrition group (n = 58) was given individualized nutrition education and oral oligopeptide nutrition preparation. The exercise group (n = 50) received exercise intervention. The combined group (n = 52) received both oral nutrition preparation and exercise interventions. The control group (n = 59) only received individualized nutrition education. The nutrition preparation can provide energy 185kcal and protein 24.2g per day. The exercise intervention including warm-up exercise, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, the training time was 60min for 5 times every week. The intervention lasted for 16 weeks. Hand grip strength, gait speed, body composition and hematology parameters were measured before and after intervention.ResultsA total of 159 subjects completed the study. Compared with baseline, the left grip strength and 6-m walking speed of the subjects in nutrition group increased significantly after the intervention, and the grip strength of both hands in exercise group and combined group increased significantly. The body weight of the subjects in nutrition group, exercise group and combined group increased significantly after intervention, but no increase in soft lean mass (SLM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was observed in any of the four groups. The fat-free mass (FFM) of the legs of the control group, exercise group and nutrition group decreased after intervention, and only the FFM of the legs of the combined group maintained the level before the intervention.ConclusionBoth oral peptide nutrition and exercise interventions can improve the muscle strength or function of the older people with sarcopenia. However, there were no increases in muscle mass observed.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR2100052135. Registered 20 October 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=135743

Resistance Exercise Program Is Feasible and Effective in Improving Functional Strength in Post-COVID Survivors.

Background: Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection can cause lasting health consequences. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation services have been recommended to reduce the sequalae. However, the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions remains insufficiently documented. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a specific and well-tolerated protocol-based intervention to reduce muscle weakness in older adults impacted by COVID-19. Methods: Forty-six older adults were randomized into intervention and control groups. Isometric and isokinetic strength assessments were conducted for selected muscle groups using a JBA Staniak® torquemeter and Biodex System 3 dynamometer. Functional abilities were evaluated with the Time Up and Go test and Chair Stand Tests. Results: Men in the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in static conditions for knee flexors (KFs), trunk extensors (TEs) and trunk flexors (TFs) and in dynamic conditions for knee extensors (KEs). Women in the intervention group showed a significant improvement in static conditions for EFs, KFs, TEs and TFs and in dynamic conditions for a KE and a KF. The interaction GROUP × TESTING SESSION was significant for the Chair Test (s) and Chair Test (n). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of a well-tolerated, protocol-based approach that can be used to diminish long-lasting functional deficits in post-COVID survivors.

A Review of High-Intensity Interval Training in Heart Transplant Recipients: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

This review reports how exercise-based rehabilitation strategies have developed over the past decades, and it specifically focuses on the effectiveness, safety, and implementation of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It provides an overview of the historical progression, main research findings, and considerations surrounding HIIT as the preferred exercise modality for recipients of heart transplant (HTx). The review includes a timeline of studies spanning from 1976-2023. The 2017 Cochrane systematic review on exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in recipients of HTx serves as the main knowledge base (≥2015). Additionally, literature searches in PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov have been performed, and all reviews and studies reporting the effects of moderate- to high-intensity exercise in recipients of HTx, published in 2015 or later have been screened. High-intensity interval training has gained prominence as an effective exercise intervention for recipients of HTx, demonstrated by an accumulation of performed studies in the past decade, although implementation in clinical practice remains limited. Early restrictions on HIIT in HTx recipients lacked evidence-based support, and recent research challenges these previous restrictions. High-intensity interval training results in greater improvements and benefits compared with moderate-intensity continuous training in the majority of studies. While HIIT is now regarded as generally suitable on a group level, individual assessment is still advised. The impact of HIIT involves reinnervation and central and peripheral adaptations to exercise, with variations in recipent responses, especially between de novo and maintenance recipients, and also between younger and older recipients. Long-term effects and mechanisms behind the HIIT effect warrant further investigation, as well as a focus on optimized HIIT protocols and exercise benefits.

The effectiveness of exercise interventions targeting sleep in older adults with cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sleep loss is associated with reduced health and quality of life, and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Up to 66% of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias experience poor sleep, which can predict or accelerate the progression of cognitive decline. Exercise is a widely accessible intervention for poor sleep that can protect against functional and cognitive decline. No previous systematic reviews have investigated the effectiveness of exercise for sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We systematically reviewed controlled interventional studies of exercise targeting subjectively or objectively (polysomnography/actigraphy) assessed sleep in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane-Library (n = 6745). Nineteen randomised and one non-randomised controlled interventional trials were included, representing the experiences of 3278 persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Ten had low-risk, nine moderate-risk, and one high-risk of bias. Six studies with subjective and eight with objective sleep outcomes were meta-analysed (random-effects model). We found moderate- to high-quality evidence for the beneficial effects of exercise on self-reported and objectively-measured sleep outcomes in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, no studies examined key potential moderators of these effects, such as sex, napping or medication use. Our results have important implications for clinical practice. Sleep may be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for a range of health conditions, including cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Given our findings, clinicians may consider adding exercise as an effective intervention or adjuvant strategy for improving sleep in older persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Asthmatic Adult Males

Background – This study explored the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in asthmatic and healthy adults. FeNO levels, associated with lung inflammation, are a diagnostic tool for asthma treatment, making this study significant for understanding HIIT's impact on asthma management. Materials and Methods: Fourteen male subjects (7 asthmatic, 7 healthy) participated in a two-week HIIT protocol. Pulmonary function was assessed using peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. FeNO was measured with a NIOX portable device. Subjects underwent a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), CO2 output (VCO2 peak), ventilation (VE), and time to exhaustion (TTE). HIIT sessions included warm-ups, 10 x 60-second high-intensity bouts with 60-second recovery intervals, and cool-downs. Intensity targeted 75% peak work rate (WR) for asthmatics and 80% for controls. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in FeNO, VO2 peak, TTE, and peak WR, with no significant changes in pulmonary function measures. Pre-HIIT, asthmatics showed a mean FeNO of 28 ± 2 ppb compared to controls at 18 ± 1 ppb, with post-HIIT levels remaining stable. TTE and peak WR improved in both groups post-HIIT, indicating enhanced exercise tolerance and performance capacity. Specifically, asthmatics showed an increase in TTE from 691 ± 40 s to 781 ± 41 s and in peak WR from 175 ± 13 W to 203 ± 14 W. Conclusion: HIIT was well-tolerated by asthmatic subjects, leading to improved exercise tolerance, higher ventilation, CO2 output, and work rate performance, without significant changes in pulmonary function or FeNO levels. These findings suggest that HIIT can be a safe and effective exercise intervention for asthmatic individuals to enhance exercise performance.

Physical exercise: a polypill against chronic kidney disease.

We are currently facing a pandemic of physical inactivity that might contribute to the growing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we summarize currently available evidence on the association between physical activity and CKD, and also review the effects of exercise intervention in affected patients. Physical activity/exercise might act as a polypill against CKD, preventing its development or even exerting beneficial effects once it is established (i.e. improvements in patients' physical fitness and cardiovascular risk, as well as in kidney function). Exercise benefits are also found at advanced CKD stages or in patients under hemodialysis. The biological mechanisms behind the clinical evidence are also discussed. An active lifestyle appears as a cornerstone in CKD prevention and management.

Effects of Joint Gymnastics Exercise Intervention on Improving Functional Ability of the Elderly

Background: The elderly experience changes in the musculoskeletal system in the form of joint disorders that attack the joints and supporting tissue structures around the joints causing pain, loss of physical function, and disability. This requires management to reduce joint pain and improve muscle movement, function, strength, and endurance using joint gymnastics/rheumatism. The purpose of this study was to improve the ability of physical functioning in the elderly. Methods: Quasi-experimental research with pre-post test design. The number of samples was 42 elderly people. This study measured the ability of physical function in the elderly. The research instrument used the KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: Research shows the majority of respondents are &gt; 59 years old, and the majority are women (62.2%). There was an increase in knowledge with an increase in score of 2.19 and functional ability with an increase of 21.71 which was described in 4 sections, namely for pain score increased by 7.59, sign and symptom score increased by 7.09, ADL score increased by 2.76 and quality of life score increased by 4.26. There was a significant effect (p = 0.000) of joint gymnastics training interventions on improving knowledge and functional abilities. Conclusion: There is an effect of joint gymnastics exercise interventions on improving knowledge and functional abilities. Suggestion: the application of joint gymnastics exercises is needed as an additional intervention in the community and to improve functional ability in the elderly.

Can Physical Exercise Be Considered as a Promising Enhancer of Global Cognition in People with Parkinson's Disease? Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Physical exercise interventions are known to improve quality of life, motor and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on cognitive outcomes are rare. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical exercise intervention effects compared with passive and active control groups (CGs) on global cognition in people with PD. A literature search was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on physical exercise interventions in PD using nine databases. We included RCTs reporting global cognition outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Bias was assessed with the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. Seventeen studies (ten with passive, seven with active CGs) were included in the systematic review. Exercise interventions varied considerably between studies. The meta-analysis included nine studies with 236 people with PD (seven with passive, two with active CGs). The SMD was 0.33 (95% CI 0.00; 0.65) demonstrating a small effect (p = 0.05) in favor of physical exercise. Compared with passive CGs, physical exercise had a small non-significant effect (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.14;0.58, p = 0.24). Compared with active CGs, physical exercise had a medium significant effect (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.12;1.33, p = 0.02). Physical exercise may increase global cognition in people with PD, but the evidence is very uncertain. Further large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm this finding and to identify the most effective type of physical exercise for improving cognition.

Impact of exercise training and diet therapy on the physical fitness, quality of life, and immune response of people living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundExercise and dietary nutrition are considered crucial in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment protocols and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) rehabilitation care. However, there is no well-studied research evaluating the effects of combined interventions on the fitness and immune systems of PLWHA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise and dietary intervention on physical fitness, quality of life and immune response in PLWHA.MethodsThis was an experimental study, with a sample of 25 male PLWHA divided into two groups: the intervention group (IG: 12 participants) and the control group (CG: 13 participants). All participants have not had any exercise habits and nutritional supplements in the past six months. The participants in the IG completed 45 min of exercise (60-80% HRmax) 4 times per week for 4 weeks. The exercise was in the form of brisk walking or running. They were also given a nutritional dietary supplement 3 times a day for 4 weeks. The 13 individuals in the CG continued their normal daily life (physical activity and diet). The following parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention: body composition, physical fitness, immune response, quality of life (QoL), stress, dietary behavior, dietary habits, exercise motivation, and physical self-efficacy.ResultsThe significant changes were observed in burnout of stress variables and physical efficiency index (PEI) of physical fitness in the IG (p =.023). Moreover, in the saliva samples, sal-T levels significantly increased only after the intervention in the IG (p =.012). Additionally, regarding the analysis of the interaction (group × time), there was a significant improvement in the reaction speed (p =.001) and grip strength (left: p =.002, right: p =.030) and a significant difference in physical satisfaction in QoL (p =.001), stress burnout (p =.043), self-confidence in physical efficacy (p =.045), external display (p =.008), and fulfillment (p =.047) in exercise motivation. Moreover, the significant effect of the intervention on emotional eating in dietary behavior was shown in the comparison of the IG before and after intervention (p =.001) and in the comparison of the IG group with the CG after the experiment (p =.013). However, there was no significant effect of time or interaction between the condition and time on body composition.ConclusionsIn conclusion, exercise training and diet therapy caused changes in physical fitness and Sal-T levels, which had positive effects on the health promotion of PLWHA.

The effects of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a crucial neurotrophic factor that plays a significant role in brain health. Although the vast majority of meta-analyses have confirmed that exercise interventions can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents, the effects of specific types of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are still controversial. To address this issue, we used meta-analytic methods to quantitatively evaluate, analyze, and integrate relevant studies. Our goals were to formulate general conclusions regarding the use of exercise interventions, explore the physiological mechanisms by which exercise improves brain health and cognitive ability in children and adolescents, and provide a reliable foundation for follow-up research. We used the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to search for randomized controlled trials examining the influences of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. The extracted data were analyzed using ReviewManager 5.3. According to the inclusion criteria, we assessed randomized controlled trials in which the samples were mainly children and adolescents, and the outcome indicators were measured before and after the intervention. We excluded animal experiments, studies that lacked a control group, and those that did not report quantitative results. The mean difference (MD; before versus after intervention) was used to evaluate the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. Overall, 531 participants (60 children and 471 adolescents, 10.9-16.1 years) were included from 13 randomized controlled trials. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q statistic and I2 test provided by ReviewManager software. The meta-analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity among the studies (P = 0.67, I2 = 0.00%). The combined effect of the interventions was significant (MD = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.53-4.22, P < 0.0001), indicating that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels of the children and adolescents in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, different types of exercise interventions significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. However, because of the small sample size of this meta-analysis, more high-quality research is needed to verify our conclusions. This meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42023439408).

The Effect of Community-Based Exercise on Health Outcomes for Indigenous Peoples with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Indigenous peoples globally experience a high burden of type 2 diabetes in comparison to non-Indigenous peoples. While community-based exercise interventions designed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management have garnered success in non-Indigenous populations, they likely require adjustments to meet the needs of Indigenous people. This systematic review aims to determine if health outcomes in Indigenous peoples with T2D could be improved by community-based exercise programmes and the features of those programmes that best meet their needs. The CINAHL, Embase, Informit Indigenous Collection, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases have been searched to identify peer-reviewed literature with original outcome data that report on the health effects of community-based exercise interventions for the management of T2D among Indigenous peoples. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Indigenous Community Engagement Tool were implemented to assess methodological quality. Three moderate-to-high-quality studies were selected for review, including participants of Polynesian or Native American Zuni Indian descent. Results indicated positive effects of group exercise on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, body weight, total cholesterol, blood pressure, quality of life, and patient activation levels in high-adhering participants. This review concludes that community-based exercise interventions may improve health outcomes for Indigenous adults with T2D when conducted with strong community engagement.

Effects of a Whole Body Exercise Intervention for Junior High School Students With Intellectual Disabilities Who Were Clumsy: Changes in Coordination

Effects of a Whole Body Exercise Intervention for Junior High School Students With Intellectual Disabilities Who Were Clumsy: Changes in Coordination

Effect of aerobic exercise on anthropometric parameters among Indian primary school children.

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with significant implications for long-term health. This study addresses the rising rates of obesity among school-age children (10-12 years) and investigates the effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions in improving anthropometric parameters, specifically focusing on BMI and mid-arm circumference (MAC). The study emphasizes the role of schools in shaping children's behaviors and aims to contribute empirical evidence to inform health promotion strategies for this demographic. The research employs a quasi-experimental design, involving 60 school-age children in Visnagar, Gujarat, India. The 12-week aerobic exercise intervention, conducted three times a week, comprises activities like running, jumping jacks, and dance routines. Data collection includes sociodemographic information, BMI, and MAC measurements. The study design, participant criteria, and intervention details are carefully outlined. Socio-demographic variables such as age and monthly family income significantly influence BMI, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in interventions. Pretest results show 80% of children classified as overweight, reducing to 58.3% post-intervention. The mean BMI significantly decreases from 24.41 to 22.84 (p < 0.05), indicating the positive impact of aerobic exercise. The study also explores the association between BMI, MAC, and socio-demographic variables through chi-square tests. Data shows the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age children and demonstrates the effectiveness of a 12-week aerobic exercise program in improving BMI. Findings align with existing literature on the positive impact of physical activity on weight management in children.