Effect Of Employment Status Research Articles

The Differential Impacts of Contingent Employment on Fertility: Evidence from Australia

Abstract Many studies have reported evidence of negative associations between fixed-term contract employment and fertility. With few exceptions, these studies assume that employment status is exogenous and thus results are likely biased. Furthermore, previous research has mostly not considered whether the effects of employment status on fertility might vary with other worker characteristics. We draw on nineteen years of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to investigate the causal effect of contingent forms of employment (including both fixed-term and casual employment) on first births, and how that effect varies with selected worker characteristics. The issue of endogeneity is addressed through the use of instrumental variables estimation. Our main finding is that both fixed-term contracts and casual employment lead to a significantly lower probability of first births among men, with the effect of fixed-term contracts being almost as twice as large as the effect of casual employment. We also find that these negative fertility effects vary with workers’ education, occupational status, country of origin, age, and relationship status. In the case of women, one of the instruments fails to satisfy the exclusion restriction, suggesting endogeneity remains a concern when analyzing female fertility outcomes.

The effect of employment status and household equalization income on unmet dental and medical care needs : a study on the application of Korea Medical Panel Data 2018

The effect of employment status and household equalization income on unmet dental and medical care needs : a study on the application of Korea Medical Panel Data 2018

The Effects of Employment Status: Mediating Role of Relative Deprivation and Hostile Emotions

This study aims to understand why and when disadvantaged employment status relates to nonstandard employees’ interpersonal behavior. Drawing on relative deprivation theory, this study proposes a sequential moderated mediation model in which disadvantaged employment status activates relative deprivation and hostile emotions toward standard employees (i.e., resentment, anger, and envy), and thereby spur interpersonal deviance. Further, this study posits that in-group identification moderates the relationship between relative deprivation and hostile emotions. Using multi-wave and multi-source data from a sample of 311 nonstandard employees in China, results showed that relative deprivation and hostile emotions towards standard employees sequentially mediate the effects of disadvantaged employment status on interpersonal deviance, and in-group identification enhances the positive effects of relative deprivation on interpersonal deviance through hostile emotions towards standard employees. These findings provide implications for theory and practice.

PENGARUH STATUS MIGRASI, PEKERJAAN, PENDIDIKAN, DAN LATAR BELAKANG EKONOMI TERHADAP UKP DAN FERTILITAS WANITA USIA SUBUR

This study aims to analyze 1) the effect of migration status, employment status, education level, and economic background on the age at first marriage of women of childbearing age in Badung Regency; 2) The effect of migration status, employment status, education level, economic background, and age at first marriage on the fertility of women of childbearing age in Badung Regency; 3) Indirect effect of migration status, employment status, education level, economic background, and age at first marriage on the fertility of women of childbearing age in Badung Regency. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics consisting of path analysis and Sobel test. The results showed 1) Migrant women have a lower age at first marriage than non-migrant women, women who work in the informal sector have a lower age at first marriage than women who work in the formal sector, education level has a positive and significant effect on age at first marriage, while economic background has a negative and significant effect on age at first marriage; 2) Migrant women have a higher fertility rate than non-migrant women, women who work in the informal sector have a higher fertility rate than women who work in the formal sector, education level has a negative effect on fertility, while economic background has no significant effect on fertility, and age at first marriage has a negative effect on the fertility of women of childbearing age in Badung Regency; 3) Age at first marriage mediates the effect of employment status, education level, and economic background on fertility, but does not mediate the effect of migration status on fertility of women of childbearing age in Badung Regency.

The effect of unemployment and post-natal care on the exclusive breast-feeding practice of women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPromoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a major child survival strategy in developing countries like Ethiopia. Studies in EBF are found in a fragmented and inconclusive way in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine evidences on the effect of post natal care counseling and maternal employment status on exclusive breastfeeding practice of women in Ethiopia.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted from PubMed (contains MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health, Food Science and Technology s (FSTA) (EBSCO) and Grey literature sources such as Google and Google scholar. All primary studies on the effects of employment status and/or post-natal care utilization on EBF practices of women in Ethiopia were included. Data analyses were performed using STATA software. Forest plot, I2 test and the Cochrane Q statistics were used to detect heterogeneity among studies. Heterogeneity was considered significant when the I2 value was ≥ 50%, with p-value < 0.05. Publication bias was checked by looking the asymmetry of funnel and confirmed by Egger’s regression test at a 5% significant level. The pooled odds ratio (POR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the measures of associations.ResultA total of 622 studies were identified in the initial search of which 42 articles were included this systematic review and meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of 24 studies indicated that maternal employment status was significantly associated (POR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.16, 0.86) EBF practice in that employed mother were less likely to practice to practice EBF. Post-natal care service utilization significantly increases (POR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.32, 2.34) the EBF practice in Ethiopia and it was computed using 25 eligible articles. Besides, the pooled estimates of EBF practice was found to be 62.58% (95% CI 56.98, 68.19, I2 = 96.4%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis review found that post-natal care service utilization and maternal employment status has a significant effect on EBF practice. The findings from this review may be used to inform for better supportive and promotive strategies for EBF practice in Ethiopia.

The Moderating Effect of Urbanization on the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

PURPOSE: Rapid urbanization has witnessed a dramatic decrease in physical activity. The purpose of this research was to explore the vulnerable inactivity group influenced by urbanization in China.METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey were utilized. A total of 7,319 households, including 20,914 individuals within 12 provinces, were pooled. Seven types of physical activity were included in statistical testing. Community-level urbanization was measured on an urbanicity scale consisting of 12 dimensions. Cross-level logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the direct and interactive effects of individual socioeconomic statuses and community-level urbanization on a leisure time physical activity (LTPA). After removing incomplete responses, 8,617 samples were selected for the statistical analyses.RESULTS: Community-level urbanization was positively related to participation probability in the LTPA. With an increase of one standard deviation (SD) in the level of urbanization, the odds of participating in the LTPA increased by approximately six times in the most urbanized areas compared with the least urbanized areas. The effect of employment status on the probability of participation in the LTPA differed across the levels of urbanization in each community. For white-collar workers who resided in the most urbanized communities, the odds of participating in the LTPA decreased by approximately 46% compared to their peers in the least urbanized communities.CONCLUSIONS: Community-level urbanization should be addressed when developing interventions and health policies to promote physical activity during leisure time, especially for individuals who are white-collar workers living in urbanized communities.

The Effect of Changes in Employment on Health of Work-Related Injured Workers: A Longitudinal Perspectives.

This longitudinal study attempted to identify changes in employment status and overall health status. The participants were workers who had experienced work-related injuries in the past. In this study, we used the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance from 2013 to 2017. This study utilized propensity score matching for a quasi-experimental design study of the first year to exclude the effects of the confounding variables and exclude the effect of employment status, which is the main independent variable. After applying propensity score matching the research subjects totaled 1070. Changes in employment status were found to have a negative effect on overall health status. This raises new implications for existing industrial accident-related support policies. Thus, it is considered that the scope should be expanded from policies related to re-employment of workers after an industrial accident to improving quality of life through maintaining employment from a long-term perspective. The notable point of this study was to apply the PSM methods. By applying PSM, we clearly identified the effect of changes in employment status on health status.

The Link between Documentation Status, Occupation Status, and Healthcare Access for African migrants

The link between migrants’ legal and employment status, access to health and health outcomes is widely explored in the academic literature on migration and health. However, there are few, if any, studies examining this link within African states. In this article we present survey data collected from refugees and people in refugee-like situations in Kenya, regular (labor) migrants in Nigeria, and irregular migrants in South Africa to examine the link between registration status, employment or occupation status, gender, and (perceptions of) access to healthcare. A range of statistical tests and models were applied to examine the effects of these different characteristics. A consistent finding throughout the three sample countries is that access for people without any documentation is lower than different other groups, not only by means but also within the linear models. This strongly suggests that extending regularization pathways in African states, even if on a temporary basis, would be an effective policy lever to improve migrants’ access to healthcare, and by extension migrants’ health. However, the effects of employment status and gender on access to healthcare were more ambiguous, and further research in African contexts is required to clarify their impact.

A Study on the Impact of Positive Psychological Capital on the Turnover Intention of Casino Employees: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment and the Moderating Effect of Employment Status

본 연구에서는 카지노 기업의 인적 서비스 품질을 향상시키고 카지노 조직의 성과를 극대화하기 위하여 기업성장의 중요한 요인으로 긍정심리자본을 선정하였고, 긍정심리자본을 통해서 카지노 종사원의 각각의 개인적인 자아와 의식을 높이기 위한 선행변수임을 검증해 보고자 한다. 첫째, 긍정심리자본은 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과 이직의도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 긍정심리자본이 조직몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직몰입은 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과 이직의도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 긍정심리자본이 카지노 종사원의 이직의도에 미치는 영향에서 조직몰입이 매개효과가 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과 부분 채택되었다. 다섯째, 긍정심리자본이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 고용형태에 의해 조절될 것이라는 가설은 채택되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 나타난 결론을 토대로 이론적인 측면에서는 경험적 자료를 제시하게 됨으로써 이론과 현실의 조,화나아가 이론의 발전에 일조를 하였다. 카지노 종사원의 긍정심리자본이 이직의도에 미치는 영향관계의 연구를 실시하여 긍정심리자본이 클수록 이직의도를 감소시킬 수 있다는 결과이며, 결론적으로 긍정심리자본으로 이직의도를 감소시킬 수 있는 요인으로 카지노 종사원의 긍정심리자본의 중요성을 제시 하였다. 앞으로는 긍정심리자본에 관련한 폭넓은 조절변수를 접목시켜 이에 대한 연구가 포괄적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The effect of employment status on people with a mental disability and on daily life satisfaction: The mediating effect of acceptance of disability

This study examined the mediating effects of acceptance of disability on the relationship between employment and daily life satisfaction in people with a mental disability. Participants included 160 subjects with a mental disability who responded to the second wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (2017). The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analyses. The results showed that employment status and acceptance of disability had a significant effect on daily life satisfaction. Acceptance of one’s disability had an indirect mediating effect on the relationship between employment status, people with a mental disability, and daily life satisfaction. These findings suggest a need for practical interventions and policy implementation to improve the daily life satisfaction of people with a mental disability.

“Me, the street, and a backpack”: employment, income, and physical capital in rural recovery

ABSTRACT Recovery capital is a framework for understanding individuals’ resources for recovery from substance misuse. In a qualitative analysis of rural individuals in recovery (N = 49), the role of physical capital emerged prominently across ten focus groups. Participants highlighted the effects of employment status, income, and other forms of physical capital directly, as well as indirect effects through changes in human capital. Negative cultural capital components, in the form of stigma and employment discrimination, were described as barriers to physical capital acquisition and successful recovery. Based on these findings, we discuss rural recovery challenges and propose a model of recovery capital interactions.

Analisis Determinan Tingkat Upah di Sumatera Barat

This study aims to determine: (1) The effect of employment status on wage levels in West Sumatra. (2) The effect of education level on wage levels in West Sumatra. (3) Effect of gender on wage rates in West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive and associative research. The type of data used in this study is the 2018 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in West Sumatra Province sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is the Logistic Regression Analysis Method. The results of the study show that: (1) Employment status with an unspecified time agreement has a significant positive effect on wage levels in West Sumatra, a certain time agreement has a positive and significant effect on wage levels in West Sumatra and an oral agreement has a negative and not significant effect on wage levels in West Sumatra. (2) The level of education has a positive and significant effect on wage levels in West Sumatra. (3) Sex has a positive and significant effect on wage rates in West Sumatra. From the results of this study, it is recommended to the Government of the Province of West Sumatra to set a Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) according to a decent standard of living and provide strict sanctions to companies both private or government institutions that do not pay labor wages in accordance with the Minimum Wage Provibsi (UMP) in West Sumatra. This is done to improve the welfare of workers in the Province of West Sumatra.

Analysis of the Effect of the Elderly's Labor Status on Care Cost at the End of Life.

This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of employment patterns at the time of death of the elderly on the utilization of medical care before death using the cohort data from the National Health Insurance Corporation, controlling mortality to obtain more accurate results. Gender was coded as 0 for males and 1 for females, and average monthly household income was taken as a logarithm to approximate a normal distribution. Care cost at the end of life was defined as the sum of the national health insurance contributions and statutory self-contributions. To measure proximity to death, deceased elderly were divided by the period from last hospital visit to death (except any hospital visit at time of death). We distinguished regular workers, irregular workers, self-employed and employers, unpaid family workers, and unemployed. The data used in this study are sample cohort data from the National Health Insurance Corporation. We examined the relationships between variables through 4 models using negative binomial regression. The effects of employment status on health status were analyzed and adjusted for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and proximity to death. As the dependent variable, medical expenses were taken for 1 year before death. In this study, care costs at end of life were higher when children were economically independent and when the respondent was more educated, had high economic level, and had high average monthly household income. In addition, employment security also had a significant impact on care cost at end of life: Irregular workers spent significantly less than regular workers. The fact that care cost at end of life is differentiated according to employment status suggests that individuals’ health exists within a social context, which may also constrain it: There is a risk that people’s health status will become determined by socioeconomic status.

The Effect of Employment Status on the Unmet Needs of Medical Utilization in Workers

The Effect of Employment Status on the Unmet Needs of Medical Utilization in Workers

The Effect of Employment Status in Postdisaster Recovery: A Longitudinal Comparative Study Among Employed and Unemployed Affected Residents.

Population studies have shown that employed adults are healthier than unemployed adults. In this study, we examined whether this “healthy worker effect” is relevant in postdisaster mental health by examining whether trauma‐exposed employed individuals have lower postdisaster initial mental health problems and/or whether they recover faster than trauma‐exposed unemployed individuals. We compared the course of postevent intrusion and avoidance reactions, anxiety, depression, and sleeping difficulties of employed residents (n = 291) and unemployed residents (n = 269) affected by a fireworks disaster in a residential area of Enschede, The Netherlands. Measurements took place at 2–3 weeks (T1), 18 months (T2), and 4 years (T3) postdisaster. We used linear mixed‐effect models to examine the course of mental health problems. Employment status was relevant, to a degree, in posttrauma recovery; although affected employed residents had significantly lower levels of mental health problems (initially and over time) than the unemployed, ds = 0.41–0.72, the recovery rate was the same for both groups. At T1 (neglecting the DSM 1‐month criterion), T2, and T3, the prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 45.4%, 18.9%, and 11%, respectively, among employed individuals, and 70.1%, 32.5%, and 30% among unemployed individuals. We concluded that research into the mental health of disaster victims should take employment status into account. Regarding postdisaster care, unemployed individuals may need special attention; although they may recover at the same rate as employed individuals, they suffer from more severe mental health problems, even years after the disaster.

유아기 자녀에 대한 양육스트레스와 모-자녀관계에서 어머니 취업상태의 조절효과

유아기 자녀에 대한 양육스트레스와 모-자녀관계에서 어머니 취업상태의 조절효과

Effect of Employment Status on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Long-Term Post-Bariatric Surgery.

Inactivity and weight regain are serious problems post-bariatric surgery. Nearly half of waking time is spent at work, representing an opportunity to accumulate physical activity and help avoid weight regain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential differences in physical activity and sedentary time by employment status post-bariatric surgery. A total of 48 adults (employed (n= 19), unemployed (n= 29)) aged 50.7 ± 9.4years, BMI = 34.4 ± 10.1kg/m2, and 10 ± 3years post-surgery participated. ActivPAL accelerometers measured transitions, steps, and sedentary time for 7days. Participants worked on average 8.7 ± 1.8h/day. Twenty-one percent of employed met step/day guidelines on work-days compared to 10% of unemployed. Employed persons transitioned from sitting-to-standing more on work-days (58.6 ± 17.8) than unemployed (45.0 ± 15.4). Employment status did not influence activity or sedentarism on weekend/non-working-days. Employment status may be associated with meaningful improvements in activity post-bariatric surgery.

The Effect of Employment Status of People with Disabilities on Family Relationship Satisfaction: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Asset and Depression

본 연구는 한국복지패널조사의 11차년도(2016) 자료를 사용하여 장애인 가구원의 가족관계만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 영향력과 관련성을 살펴보고 또, 요인들 간의 경로를 파악하고자 경로분석을 통해 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 장애인 가구원의 취업여부는 자산수준, 우울감, 가족관계만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 그리고 자산수준은 우울감과 가족관계만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 우울감 또한 가족관계만족도에 직 접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 취업여부와 우울감 사이에서 자산수준의 완전 매개효과가 나타났으며, 자산수준과 가족관계만족도 사이에서 우울감의 부분 매개효과가, 그리고 취업여부와 가족관계만족도 간의 관계에서 자산수준과 우울감의 다중 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 본 연구는 장애인의 저하된 가족관계만족도를 향상시기 위해서 Sherraden 교수의 자산효과이론을 재조명하였으며, 무엇보다도 본 연구는 성인 장애인 가구원을 대상으로 하는 차별화 된 저축 프로그램 등 자산형성 프로그램를 설계하는 데 기초자료를 제시하였다는 데에 의의가 있다

Employment History and Transition to Marriage: Different Effect of Employment Status, Occupation, Firm Size, and Associated Changes According to Gender

雇用の流動化と未婚化・晩婚化が相伴って進むなかで，社会経済的地位およびその変化は結婚への移行にいかに影響しているのか．本稿は，社会経済的地位として従来着目されてきた雇用形態だけでなく職種と企業規模を取り上げ，さらにそれらの変化の経歴が結婚への移行に与える効果を明らかにする．1966–80年出生コーホートの経歴データを用いた分析により，以下の結果を得た．男女とも，一貫して非正規雇用で就業することではじめて結婚に対する負の効果が顕在化する．女性は雇用形態のほか専門職であることが結婚を促す．男性は雇用形態のほか大企業での勤務が結婚を促す．以上の結果は，職業経歴によって測られる安定性が将来の不確実性を軽減する役割を果たしていることを示唆する．雇用の流動化をはじめとする不確実性の増大のなかにあって，職業経歴を利用した時間的視座の導入は，人びとが結婚へと至る過程をより精緻に捉えることを可能とする．

Employment security and employee organizational citizenship behavior: does an ‘iron rice bowl’ make a difference?

Empirical evidence linking employment security to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is equivocal. Limited research has considered the effect of employment status. Using data from 217 subordinate–supervisor dyads in a large state-owned enterprise in China as basis, our research found significant association between overall perceived employment security and employee OCB. However, this relationship may vary depending on employment status. Further analysis suggested a curvilinear relationship for permanent employees with an ‘iron rice bowl’ (lifetime employment) and a linear relationship for contractual employees without an ‘iron rice bowl’. Our study contributes to a thorough understanding of the relationship between employment security and positive behaviors in terms of OCB by integrating the literature on social exchange, psychological contract, and proactive behavior.