Effect Of Electroosmosis Research Articles

Optimizing heat transfer with nanoparticles and thermal dynamics of bio fluid in electroosmosis-driven peristaltic flow through a porous channel

ABSTRACT This investigation involves a comprehensive analysis of the flow characteristics, including velocity profiles, pressure distribution, temperature distribution and streamlines of an electroosmotic induced peristaltic flow of a nanofluid in a porous channel. The hybrid nanofluid’s influence on heat transfer and convective cooling is studied in detail. The research incorporates numerical simulations to model the coupled effects of electroosmosis and peristalsis, providing insights into the synergistic impact on fluid transport and thermal performance. Results indicate that the hybrid nanofluid exhibits unique thermal and rheological properties. We found that stronger electric fields enhance heat transfer and higher Soret number indicates stronger thermal gradients. The findings contribute to the understanding of complex fluid dynamics in microchannels, offering valuable insights for designing advanced systems for thermal and transport properties in microfluidic devices, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. It is seen that with the increase in Biviscosity parameter, the velocity profile rises 5%. Further it is seen that rising 2% in Biviscosity parameter ξ, the temperature profile rise 2.5%.

Effects of electroosmosis and entropy generation on a particulate-fluid suspension through peristaltic motion of Prandtl fluid: a numerical investigation

In thermodynamics, engineering, and environmental science, entropy generation are useful for comprehending complicated phenomena like heat transfer and fluid dynamics, analysing irreversibility, and optimising energy systems. Particulate-fluid flow with chemical reactions are employed in pharmaceutical manufacturing, catalytic converters, and combustion processes. This study provides insights into mass and thermal transmission analysis and influences of electroosmosis on flow of the Prandtl fluid in peristaltic micro-channel. The flow is also investigated considering the multiphase phenomenon influenced by chemical reaction. The flow problem modelling utilises lubrication theory with lengthy wavelengths and creeping flow assumptions. Furthermore, using Debye linearisation, the Poisson equation is simplified. The consequent structures for coupled ordinary differential equations have been handled by numerical solutions computed by using a highly efficient shooting technique with the help of NDSolve tool in Mathematica. It is concluded graphically that the profile of velocity declines with the increasing variation of porosity factor while enhances with the rise in Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity parameter. Thermal distribution increases with higher values of solid particle concentration and porous surface. It is evident that the concentration profile diminishes with the porosity coefficient but rises with the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity factor.

Heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid under the effects of surface roughness along with velocity and thermal slips

AbstractSurface roughness has a great impact on the peristaltic motion of nanofluid flow and plays an important role in engineering, manufacturing, and material sciences. During tissue engineering, imaging techniques, implant surface finish, surgical instrument texture, and tissue engineering, and so forth. This study explores the effects of electrical double layers, surface roughness, velocity slip, and thermal slip to investigate the heat transfer rate of cobalt and alumina nanoparticles with water through uniform and nonuniform horizontal tubes. In the present study, the Jeffrey nanofluid flow model is chosen to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of hybrid nanofluids based on alumina and cobalt nanoparticles suspension in water. The effects of electroosmosis, surface roughness, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink parameter, velocity, and thermal slips are also under consideration during the peristaltic motion of hybrid nanofluid in uniform and nonuniform tubes. The mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3 is utilized to find the exact solution and graphical results to investigate the complicated flow behavior. It is noticed that the velocity near the walls of the tube is lower for the surface roughness parameter and higher in the core part. The behavior of velocity for the remaining parameter is the opposite. The temperature of the current fluid flow increases for all parameters except the surface roughness parameter. The effects of velocity for hybrid nanofluid are prominent as compared with nanofluid in the core part. The temperature profile and heat transfer rate for hybrid nanofluids are lower as compared with nanofluids, which shows the cooling effects. This study is beneficial for hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.

Peristaltic transport of Prandtl hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs-SWCNTs/engine oil) in non-uniform ducts: Exploring electro-osmosis and Joule heating effects through Keller box simulations

Peristaltic transport of Prandtl hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs-SWCNTs/engine oil) in non-uniform ducts: Exploring electro-osmosis and Joule heating effects through Keller box simulations

Experimental Study on the Strengthening Effect of Cyclic and Progressive Electroosmosis

Experimental Study on the Strengthening Effect of Cyclic and Progressive Electroosmosis

Analytical solution for radial consolidation of combined electroosmosis-vacuum-surcharge preloading considering free strain and cyclic loading

In this study, electro-osmotic consolidation considering smear effect and free strain under cyclic loading was investigated. The analytical solution of radial consolidation of electroosmosis-vacuum-surcharge combined preloading is derived by using the Bessel function and eigenfunction methods. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through comparison with existing numerical solutions. Based on the derived solutions, the influence of the smear effect, applied voltage, vacuum pressure, and cyclic loading on soil consolidation characteristics was analyzed. The results showed that the smearing effect slows the rate of consolidation, but the final average consolidation and negative excess pore water pressure are enhanced. Compared with only cyclic loading, the combined effect of electroosmosis, vacuum, and surcharge preloading enables the soil to achieve higher strength and consolidation. When the effect of electroosmosis alone on reinforcing low-permeability soils is not significant, the combination of electroosmosis with vacuum preloading helps enhance the soil reinforcement effect.

Electrokinetic in situ leaching of U from low-permeability uranium ore

In this study, the impacts of electrokinetic in situ leaching of uranium (EK-ISLU) on the pore structure and connectivity of the low-permeability uranium ore and its leaching efficiency were investigated. Our results demonstrated that a direct current field with an intensity of 7.5 V/cm increased the porosity by 7.07 % and enhanced the uranium leaching efficiency by 73.73 % using a sulfuric acid solution. Under electrical stimulation, the leaching agent exhibited uniform penetration ability through combined electromigration and electroosmosis effects, significantly improving the directed migration of the target ions. Various characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) pore scanning and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), showed that the electrokinetic-induced action overcame the preferential flow phenomena, promoted the dissolution of the target minerals and gangue rocks, and notably improved the pore structure to ultimately enhance the uranium leaching efficiency. Our results provide valuable insights for the development of innovative technologies aimed at efficiently recovering U from low-permeability uranium ores.

Effects of Tapering and Electro-Osmosis on Copper-Suspended Nanofluid Through a Composite Stenosed Artery with Permeable Walls: Exact Solutions

Effects of Tapering and Electro-Osmosis on Copper-Suspended Nanofluid Through a Composite Stenosed Artery with Permeable Walls: Exact Solutions

Investigation of heat transfer phenomenon in a complex wavy divergent channel under the effects of thermal radiation, joule heating and electroosmosis

The heat transfer analysis in electro osmotic flow of nanofluid is studied through the complex wavy channel under the consideration of joule heat and thermal radiation effects. The Ellis fluid is considered a base fluid and gold particles are suspended in them. The complex system of equations is converted to dimensionless form with the help of dimensionless transformation and parameters. The concepts of longer wavelength and lower Reynolds number are utilized to simplify the problem and obtain the exact solution of velocity and temperature distribution by using the built-in command DSolve in the mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3. The graphs are plotted with the same software to check the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines with the following range of parameters − 5 ≤ U H S ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ β ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ α ≤ 3 , 0 < k ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04 , 20 ≤ P r ≤ 28 , 0 ≤ R n ≤ 5 . The computational results reported that the electroosmotic parameter, Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, and material parameter reduce the velocity in the initial region and enhance the final region of the channel. It is also noted that the velocity profile exhibits increasing and decreasing behavior in the initial and final region respectively with upgrading the values of volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is strongly affected by material parameters α and β , thermal radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and joule heating and these parameters promote the heat transfer rate of the system. The novel research of the current study shows the examination of the heat transfer analysis of blood-gold nanofluid in the presence of an electrical double layer and thermal radiation with the help of the Ellis nanofluid flow model through a complex symmetric wavy channel. The results of the present investigation are useful for the early detection of renal diseases and monitoring of disease progression because of the unique properties of gold nanoparticles. The role of gold nanoparticles as imaging agents, drug delivery antioxidant properties, biosensing, targeted therapy, and renal clearance makes them the perfect choice for renal diseases.

Advanced electrochemical membrane technologies for near-complete resource recovery and zero-discharge of urine: Performance optimization and evaluation

The depletion of nutrient sources in fertilizers demands a paradigm shift in the treatment of nutrient-rich wastewater, such as urine, to enable efficient resource recovery and high-value conversion. This study presented an integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) and hollow fiber membrane (HFM) system for near-complete resource recovery and zero-discharge from urine treatment. Computational simulations and experimental validations demonstrated that a higher voltage (20 V) significantly enhanced energy utilization, while an optimal flow rate of 0.4 L/min effectively mitigated the negative effects of concentration polarization and electro-osmosis on system performance. Within 40 min, the process separated 90.13% of the salts in urine, with an energy consumption of only 8.45 kWh/kgbase. Utilizing a multi-chamber structure for selective separation, the system achieved recovery efficiencies of 89% for nitrogen, 96% for phosphorus, and 95% for potassium from fresh urine, converting them into high-value products such as 85 mM acid, 69.5 mM base, and liquid fertilizer. According to techno-economic analysis, the cost of treating urine using this system at the lab-scale was $6.29/kg of products (including acid, base, and (NH4)2SO4), which was significantly lower than the $20.44/kg cost for the precipitation method to produce struvite. Excluding fixed costs, a net profit of $18.24/m3 was achieved through the recovery of valuable products from urine using this system. The pilot-scale assessment showed that the net benefit amounts to $19.90/m3 of urine, demonstrating significant economic feasibility. This study presents an effective approach for the near-complete resource recovery and zero-discharge treatment of urine, offering a practical solution for sustainable nutrient recycling and wastewater management.

Thermal and viscous slip effects on electroosmotic Casson nanofluid flow with microorganisms in peristaltic porous media

Current work focuses on increasing heat transmission in thermal systems with the incorporation of gyrotactic motile microbes, promoting the creation of structured fluids useful for bio-cooling and nanotechnology. This study explores the effects of electroosmosis and slip boundary conditions in a non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid with mass transfer. Specifically, it looks at bio-convection peristaltic events and conducts a thermodynamic analysis. The Arrhenius activation energy in an asymmetric channel is considered in this study. In addition, the authors evaluate viscous resistance, thermophoresis diffusion, porous surface properties, coupled convection, Brownian diffusion, and thermal viscosity behavior. The results obtained from mathematical expressions together with surface conditions are handled by means of a numerical algorithm implemented by means of the shooting technique through traditional program Mathematica, with the aid of its built-in tool, NDSolve. Many physical parameters, such as entropy generation, the Bejan number, velocity profiles, the density of gyrotactic motile microbes, and the accumulation profile of nanoparticles, are depicted graphically. The graphical study shows that entropy generation increases with a greater Helmholtz-Smoluchowski factor by 10%, but declines as the heat generation/absorption factor increases with same percentage. The Bejan number tends to increase with stronger heat sources by 5%. Application possibilities include improved control and effectiveness in mechanisms that include microfluidic equipment, systems for delivering medications, and biotechnological operations.

Interplay of electrokinetic effects in nonpolar solvents for electronic paper displays

HypothesisElectronic paper displays rely on electrokinetic effects in nonpolar solvents to drive the displacement of colloidal particles within a fluidic cell. While Electrophoresis (EP) is a well-established and frequently employed phenomenon, electro-osmosis (EO), which drives fluid flow along charged solid surfaces, has not been studied as extensively. We hypothesize that by exploiting the interplay between these effects, an enhanced particle transport can be achieved. ExperimentsIn this study, we experimentally investigate the combined effects of EP and EO for colloidal particles in non-polar solvents, driven by an electric field. We use astigmatism micro-particle tracking velocimetry (A-μPTV) to measure the motion of charged particles within model fluidic cells. Using a simple approach that relies on basic fluid flow properties we extract the contributions due to EP and EO, finding that EO contributes significantly to particle transport. The validity of our approach is confirmed by measurements on particles with different magnitudes of charge, and by comparison to numerical simulations. FindingsWe find that EO flows can play a dominant role in the transport of particles in electrokinetic display devices. This can be exploited to speed up particle transport, potentially yielding displays with significantly faster switching times.

Heat transfer analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in Ellis's fluid model: Comparative study of uniform and non-uniform channels

BackgroundThe essential features of nanoparticles in nanofluids play a vital role in nanotechnology. The nanosized particles of carbon are known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The properties of CNT like thermal and electrical conductivity, lightweight, flexibility, and mechanical strength support its applications in the medical field i.e., diagnostic and therapeutic agents (drugs, antibodies, biosensors, vaccines etc.). These are not only excellent vehicles for drug delivery and gene therapies but also useful in biosensor diagnostic, enantiomer separation of chiral drugs, tissue regeneration, extraction, and analysis of pollutants and drugs. ObjectiveThe focus of this research work is to open the essential features of peristaltic transport of Ellis nanofluid through uniform and non-uniform channels with suspension of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The consideration of blood flow with SWCNT under the effects of heat generation and electroosmosis is one of the key factors of this investigation. MethodThe complexity of the system is reduced with the implementation of the concepts of longer wavelength and lower Reynolds number. The governing two-dimensional equations are simplified by introducing dimensionless variables and parameters. The mathematical tool “MATHEMATICA 13.3” is used to compute the exact solution and graphical demonstration of velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines. Computational resultsIt is noticed that velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate are prominent in non-uniform channels as compared to uniform channels. Similarly, the size and number of boluses during the trapping phenomenon increase or decrease quickly in non-uniform channels. The volumetric addition of SWCNT diminishes the velocity and temperature while the heat transfer rate is enhanced in both channels but in the nonuniform channel effects are more prominent. ApplicationsThis study explores the applications of SWCNT in medical fields like angiography, angioplasty, and cancer therapy. NoveltyThe present study is new and has never been addressed before.

Entropy generation in a ciliary flow of an Eyring-Powell ternary hybrid nanofluid through a channel with electroosmosis and mixed convection.

Drug delivery systems, where the nanofluid flow with electroosmosis and mixed convection can help in efficient and targeted drug delivery to specific cells or organs, could benefit from understanding the behavior of nanofluids in biological systems. In current work, authors have studied the theoretical model of two-dimensional ciliary flow of blood-based (Eyring-Powell) nanofluid model with the insertion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles along with the effects of electroosmosis, magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiations, and mixed convection. Moreover, the features of entropy generation are also taken into consideration. The system is modeled in a wave frame with the approximations of large wave number and neglecting turbulence effects. The problem is solved numerically by using the shooting method with the assistance of computational software "Mathematica" for solving the governing equation. According to the temperature curves, the temperature will increase as the Hartman number, fluid factor, ohmic heating, and cilia length increase. It is also disclosed that ternary hybrid nanoparticles result in a change in flow rate when other problem parameters are varied, and the same is true for temperature graphs. Engineers and scientists can make better use of nanofluid-based cooling systems in electronics, automobiles, and industrial processes with the aid of the study's findings.

Numerical simulation of the permeable wedge-shaped geometry incorporating electroosmosis, solar radiation and heat source-sink effects

The present work deals with the convective double diffusive magneto-cross-nanofluid flow across the permeable wedge. Inclined magnetic field, electro-osmosis, heat source-sink parameter, and solar radiation process are the manuscript's standout characteristics. The numerical simulation of the given flow results in a system of generic nonlinear differential equations, which are then exactly transformed into ordinary differential equations. The visual results are drawn using the bvp4c approach to see the effects of relevant changing elements across the porous wedge. The velocity field generally behaves as the increasing function of thermal and solutal Grashof number but surges along the nanofluid Grashof number. The Brownian diffusion coefficient surges the temperature and double-diffusivity, while minors the concentration. The radiation increases the temperature while lowering the concentration rate and the double diffusivity due to the relative importance of thermal radiation and conduction heat transfer. The nanofluid Lewis number particularly slows down the double-diffusivity profile. Electro-osmotic flow is a typical technique in chemical analysis, soil analysis and processing, and microfluidic devices employing structures with high-voltage surfaces. In the limiting case, current results are also compared to previously published literature. The graphical sketches of local skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number contour elaborated our analyses more precisely.

Computational investigation for silica-molybdenum disulfide/water-based hybrid nanofluid over an exponential stretching sheet with spectral quasi-linearization method

The current research is focused on analyzing gyrotactic microorganisms within a hybridized nanofluid (NF) model by considering magnetohydrodynamics, electroosmosis, and radiation effects. Demarcated flow is mathematically modeled to yield coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, which are consequently transmuted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting similarity transformations. The spectral quasilinearization method is used to generate the solutions of the transformed ODEs via MATLAB. The influence of various flow parameters on both mono NF and hybrid NF phases for velocity, thermal, concentration, and density of motile microorganism is depicted using graphs. The convergence and residual errors are demonstrated in tables for various influenced parameters on hybrid NF. Additionally, interested physical quantities like shear stress and rate of thermal diffusion at the wall have been tabulated by varying the controlling parameters. It is concluded from the current analysis that the higher velocities and temperatures are observed in hybrid NF model as compared with the mono NF model. Biot number and Hartmann number enhance the temperature profile. The velocity is an enhancing function of mixed convection parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh constant. NF flow over a stretching sheet finds applications in enhancing heat transfer for efficient cooling systems, such as electronics and solar collectors, as well as improving drug delivery in biomedicine, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical processes.

Application of machine learning in the investigation of entropy generation incurred during electroosmotic flows of Casson nanofluid

The present research article delves into the application of machine learning techniques in the study of entropy generation arising from the electro‐MHD Casson nanofluid flow in a symmetric microchannel. The inertial effect on fluid flow through a non‐Darcy porous medium is considered where we have taken into account the velocity, thermal, and concentration slips at boundaries. The resulting system of PDEs is converted to system of ODEs using appropriate wave frame transformations. The metamorphosed system is solved using bvp4c routine of MATLAB. The impact of several factors represented by respective parameters on velocity, nanofluid temperature, fraction of nanoparticles, entropy generation, and Bejan number are shown through graphs. This study also employs a machine learning technique in which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used in conjunction with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop a predictive model capable of optimizing entropy generation within this specific fluidic context. Such an analysis could be useful in determining the optimum entropy generation in pulsatile transport of physiological fluid through intestine. With the use of above mentioned machine learning technique, the considered model offers the minimum entropy generation for specific values of the electroosmotic parameter, dimensionless temperature difference, and velocity slip parameter. It is observed that the flow with minimum electroosmosis effect and maintained at a specific velocity slip gives the optimal entropy generation.

Study on pH-dependence of electroosmosis effect and tribological behavior of water-based lubricants at friction interfaces

pH is usually used to assess the corrosion resistance and bacteriostasis of lubricants. In this paper, the electroosmotic and tribological characteristics of water-based lubricants at AISI 52100 steel/alumina ceramic friction interfaces are evaluated as an effect of pH value. A self-excited electric field (SEEF) generated by interface material frictional electrification induces the lubricant electroosmosis. Appropriately increasing the pH can improve the electroosmotic abilities of lubricants by changing the electrical double layer (EDL) structures at the friction material/lubricant interfaces. The lubricant tribological performance and penetrability are improved upon increasing the pH from 7 to 10. This is attributed to the fact that the lubricant with favorable electroosmotic performance shows a better penetrability, thus exerting an excellent effect of anti-friction and anti-wear.

Multiscale evolution observation of the pore structures of porous media under an electrokinetic treatment

Direct current (DC) stimulation is a promising electrokinetic method for enhancing oil recovery in porous media, especially in tight sandstones, due to the more remarkable effect of electroosmosis in materials with narrower pore throats. However, an interesting reversal of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) occurs in which oil recovery begins to decrease with DC voltages; this phenomenon hinders the application of this electrokinetic technology in petroleum industry. To date, the reason for this phenomenon remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we applied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We classified and inspected the evolution of pore structures in tight sandstones at multiple scales ranging from the nanoscale to micron scale as the strength of DC voltage increases. The effects of both low DC and high DC voltages were analyzed in detail. Results show that the size and number of nanopores increased as the DC voltage increases. A low DC voltage can transform submicropores to micropores, and a high DC voltage can fasten this transformation. Furthermore, a low DC voltage increased the number and size of micropores, but a high voltage decreased the number and size of micropores. This study provides insights into changes in the pore structures of reservoir rocks under the treatment of the DC voltage, helping develop DC voltage-related technologies to recover hydrocarbons from porous media.

Effects of the Electric Double Layer Characteristic and Electroosmotic Regulation on the Tribological Performance of Water-Based Cutting Fluids.

The electroosmosis effect is a complement to the theory of the traditional capillary penetration of cutting fluid. In this study, based on the electric double layer (EDL) characteristics at friction material/solution interfaces, the influences of additives and their concentrations on capillary electroosmosis were investigated, and a water-based cutting-fluid formulation with consideration to the electroosmosis effect was developed. The lubrication performance levels of cutting fluids were investigated by a four-ball tribometer. The results show that the EDL is compressed with increasing ionic concentration, which suppresses the electroosmotic flow (EOF). The specific adsorption of OH- ions or the dissociation of surface groups is promoted as pH rises, increasing the absolute zeta potential and EOF. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive adsorbed to the friction material surface can keep the shear plane away from the solid surface, reducing the absolute zeta potential and EOF. The electroosmotic performance of cutting fluid can be improved by compounding additives with different electroosmotic performance functions. Furthermore, electroosmotic regulators can adjust the zeta potential by the electrostatic adsorption mechanism, affecting the penetration performance of cutting fluid in the capillary zone at the friction interface. The improvement in the tribological performance of cutting fluid developed with consideration given to the electroosmosis effect is attributed to the enhancement of the penetration ability of the cutting fluid and the formation of more abundant amounts of lubricating film at the interface.