Effect Of EB Research Articles

Effect of electro-stimulated Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling quality, anti-nutrients, and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage.

There are few studies on the effects of electrically stimulated bacteria on anti-nutritional factors and microbial communities in mulberry leaf silage. This study aimed to examine the impact of the combined use of electrically stimulated Bacillus subtilis (EB) and Lactobacillus casei (LC) on the quality and degradation of anti-nutritional factors in mulberry leaf silage. The results revealed that the synergistic effect of EB and LC significantly enhanced the nutritional value of mulberry leaves, as evidenced by the promotion of lactic acid synthesis, the reduction of anti-nutritional factors, and the augmentation of lactic acid bacteria following a 60-day silage period. Moreover, the EB + LC co-inoculation resulted in the highest quality of mulberry leaf silage, with the degradation rates of tannin and phytic acid at 38.8% and 47.1%, respectively. The combination of EB + LC also enhanced lactic acid content, along with significant reductions in ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), soluble protein, and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillus in the silage was significantly positively correlated with crude protein (CP) and lactic acid, while negatively correlated with water-soluble carbohydrates, pH and NPN (P < 0.05). In contrast, Weissella was significantly negatively correlated with CP and lactic acid. This study represents a pioneering application of electro-stimulation in the field of feed silage, offering a scientifically substantiated approach to degrading anti-nutritional factors in mulberry leaves for livestock feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Functional Improvement, and Chondroprotective Effects of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. Extract in Osteoarthritis: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by inflammation as a primary pathology and currently lacks therapeutic interventions to impede its progression. Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. (EB) is an east Asian herbal medicine with a long history of use and a wide range of confirmed efficacy against cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether EB is worthy of further investigation as a treatment for OA based on anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assess the potential of EB as a treatment for OA, focusing on its anti-inflammatory properties. Analgesic effects, functional improvements, and inhibition of cartilage destruction induced by EB were evaluated in acetic acid-induced peripheral pain mice and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat models. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of EB was assessed in serum and cartilage tissue in vivo, as well as in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. EB demonstrated a significant alleviation of pain, functional impairment, and cartilage degradation in OA along with a notable inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinases 13, and nitric oxide synthase 2, both in vitro and in vivo, in a dose-dependent manner compared to the active control. Accordingly, EB merits further exploration as a potential disease-modifying drug for OA, capable of mitigating the multifaceted pathology of osteoarthritis through its anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, additional validation through a broader experimental design is essential to substantiate the findings of this study.

TFEB regulates the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by promoting a positive feedback loop between mitophagy and glycolysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the regulatory effect of transcription factor EB (TFEB) on the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) in vivo and in vitro. DesignsRNA-seq was used to detect differentially expressed genes in differentiated DPSCs. Lysosomes and the expression of the related gene TFEB were examined in DPSCs. DPSCs were then transfected with lentivirus for TFEB-overexpression. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 and EdU assays, while cell differentiation was detected using ALP and ARS detection kits. Subsequently, mitophagy and cell metabolism were examined using TEM and Seahorse. An odontoblastic differentiation model was constructed subcutaneously in nude mice. Finally, the effects of glycolysis and mitophagy inhibitors were evaluated on odontoblastic differentiation and the associated mechanisms were explored. ResultsTFEB overexpression promoted a significant increase in ALP activity and the expression of differentiation-related genes in DPSCs, while it inhibited cell proliferation. In vivo, TFEB overexpression caused higher bone volume/trabecular volume(BV/TV), and an increase in collagen formation and heightened DMP-1 expression. Furthermore, Seahorse flux analysis demonstrated that TFEB promoted metabolic reprogramming. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) results indicated an increase in mitochondrial autophagosomes after TFEB overexpression, and the expression of mitophagy-related genes was also elevated. The odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs promoted by TFEB overexpression was suppressed after the addition of 2-DG and Midiv-1. Addition of Midiv-1 reduced the glycolytic rate of DPSCs, while addition of 2-DG also decreased the mitophagy level of the cells. ConclusionsOur results showed that TFEB promoted the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and identified mitophagy and metabolic reprogramming as a positive feedback loop.

QCD phase diagram in the presence of electric and magnetic fields

In this contribution, We revisit the effect of electric eE and magnetic field eB and on the critical temperature T χ,C c of the chiral symmetry breaking/restoration and confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the QCD Phase diagram. In this context, we use the symmetrypreserving vector-vector contact interaction model of quarks, in the Schwinger-Dyson equations framework and in the proper time regularization scheme. We also describe the phenomenon of inverse electric catalysis in the pure electric case, magnetic catalysis (and inverse magnetic catalysis) in the pure magnetic case and inverse electromagnetic catalysis in the presence of both electric and magnetic background fields.

Endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus affects host litter decomposition by regulating soil microbial structure and phosphate mineralization

Background and aimsEndophytic bacteria (EB) commonly exist in plants and are recognized to increase plant growth especially under adverse environmental conditions. We here demonstrate that EB Bacillus cereus can accelerate the decomposition of plant litter and enhance nutrient availability for plant growth. MethodsFirst, we obtained plant litter with and without EB inoculation using a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in a microcosmic experiment. After that we conducted a litter decomposition experiment to investigate the effect of EB on mass loss, phosphorus availability, and soil microbial community composition. We further evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth using soils amended with either EB-inoculated litter or with litter alone. ResultsInoculation of EB significantly increased the mass loss of A. thaliana litter in the second to fourth month of decomposition, elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the first month of decomposition, and increased soil available phosphorus at the end of decomposition. Illumina MiSeq sequencing and structural equation models also showed that EB inoculation had pronounced impact on the bacterial diversity and composition in soil. Finally, the wheat growth was significantly promoted in the litter with EB decomposition system. ConclusionEB affected host after life effect likely through accelerating the release of P from plant litter and regulating the composition of soil microorganisms, improving nutrient utilization efficiency in a terrestrial ecosystem.

Transcription factor EB promotes rheumatoid arthritis of Sprague-Dawley rats via regulating autophagy.

This study investigated the effect of autophagy-related gene transcription factor EB (TFEB) on the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explored whether TFEB regulated RA by autophagy. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 6). The rats were stimulated with the mixture of the type II collagen and Freund's adjuvant or PBS at the root of the tail. Results showed that swollen and deformed joints were discovered, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were elevated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the inflammatory cells infiltrate the synovial tissue in the RA rats, compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry displayed that the expressions of TFEB and LC3B increased in the synovial tissues of RA rats, whereas p62 decreased. The silence of TFEB in the RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) decreased the protein expressions of LC3B, compared to the siRNA NC group. Meanwhile, the activity of FLS was raised, whereas the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in RA-FLS with TFEB knockdown. In conclusion, our study revealed that TFEB plays a crucial role in the progress of RA by regulating autophagy, which might provide novel targets for the therapy of RA.

Comparison of the effect of EB and LB surface treatment on structural characteristics of IN 713LC superalloy

Comparison of the effect of EB and LB surface treatment on structural characteristics of IN 713LC superalloy

The effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundHypertension, a major risk factor of cardiovascular mortality, is a critical issue for public health. Although Baduanjin (Eight Brocades, EB), a traditional Chinese exercise, might influence blood pressure, glucose, and lipid status, the magnitude of true effects and subgroup differences remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of EB on patient-important outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese databases since inception until March 30, 2020. Meta-analysis was carried out using “meta” package in R 3.4.3 software. A prespecified subgroup analysis was done according to the type of comparisons between groups, and the credibility of significant subgroup effects (P < 0.05) were accessed using a five-criteria list. A GRADE evidence profile was constructed to illustrate the certainty of evidence.ResultsOur meta-analysis, including 14 eligible trials with 1058 patients, showed that compared with routine treatment or health education as control groups, the mean difference (MD) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the EB groups was − 8.52 mmHg (95%CI:[− 10.65, − 6.40], P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was − 4.65 mmHg (95%CI: [− 6.55, − 2.74], P < 0.01). For blood pressure, the evidence was, however, of low certainty because of risk of bias and inconsistency, and for the outcomes of most interest to patients (cardiovascular morbidity and mortality directly), of very low certainty (measurement of surrogate only). Subgroup analysis showed there was no significant interaction effect between different type of comparisons (SBP P = 0.15; DBP P = 0.37), so it could be easily attributed to chance.ConclusionRegularly EB exercising may be helpful to control blood pressure, but the evidence is only low certainty for blood pressure and very low certainty for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Rigorously designed RCTs that carry out longer follow-up and address patient-important outcomes remain warranted.Trial registrationPROSPERO Registration number: CRD42018095854.

Evaluation of non-rhizospheric endophytic bacteria for the management of dry root rot of chickpea

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop in India and chief source of dietary protein in the vegetarian diet. The important Destructive disease in chickpea is dry root rot caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler emerging as a serious threat to the production worldwide. The screening of endophytes of leaf and stem isolates under dual culture used as two media PDA and TSA. The 12 isolates are significant on but three isolates are EBS-2, EBS-3, EBS-4 higher suppression towards on Rhizoctonia bataticola. These three isolates used as further methods that roll towel method (vitro) and net house (Pot Cultivation). The roll towel observations to be recorded as Germination percentage, Root, shoot lengths and vigour index. The EBL-3 and EBL-4 with highest germination percentage, Root length were EBL-2, 3 and shoot length, vigour index of EBL-3 highest percentage. The effect of EB on Rhizoctonia bataticola under pot culture observations were recorded that phenological parameters are Germination percentage, Pre-Post, Total mortality, Shoot, Root lengths and Fresh dry weights with different cohabitation on disease incidence. The cohabitation of T8EBL (2+3+4) T7EBL (4+2) are significant on four genotypes JG14, JG16, JG62 and JG315 with inoculation of pathogen. The EBL-3 isolate is that significant correlates in field and lab conditions.

Estrogen effects on oxytocinergic pathways that regulate food intake

Multiple stimulatory and inhibitory neural circuits control eating, and these circuits are influenced by an array of hormonal, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter signals. For example, estrogen and oxytocin (OT) both are known to decrease food intake, but the mechanisms by which these signal molecules influence eating are not fully understood. These studies investigated the interaction between estrogen and OT in the control of food intake. RT-qPCR studies revealed that 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated rats showed a two-fold increase in OT mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) compared to Oil-treated controls. Increased OT mRNA expression may increase OT protein levels, and immunohistochemistry studies showed that EB-treated rats had more intense OT labeling in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a region known to integrate signals for food intake. Food intake measurements showed that EB treatment reduced food intake, as expected. EB-treated rats lost weight over the course of the experiment, as expected, and EB-treated rats that received the highest dose of OT lost more weight than EB-treated rats that did not receive OT. Finally, OT antagonist administered to EB-treated rats reversed the effect of EB on food intake, suggesting that estrogen effects to decrease food intake may involve the oxytocinergic pathway.

Control of natural microorganisms in chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) by gamma ray and electron beam irradiation.

Microbial contamination levels and corresponding sensitivities to gamma rays (GR) and elec- tron beam (EB) irradiation were tested in chamomile (Chamomile recutta L.). Chamomile powders were treated with 10 and 20 kGy by GR and EB, respectively. Microbiological and chemical analyses were performed on controls and treated samples immediately after irradiation, and after 12 months of storage. The control samples of chamomile exhibited rather high microbiological contamination, exceeding the levels of 4 log10 CFU g-1 (CFU - colony forming units) reported by national and international authorities as the maximum permissible total count level. Irradiation with GR and EB was found to cause a reduction in microbial contamination proportionate to the dose delivered. The sterilizing effect of EB on microorganisms was higher than the GR one. A dose of 10 kGy of GR and EB significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total bacte- rial, total coliform and total fungal contamination. A dose of 20 kGy of GR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total bacterial and total fungal contamination, while a 20 kGy dose of EB reduced the initial bacterial, total coliform and total fungal contamination to below detection level when the analysis was carried out im- mediately after irradiation treatment or after 12 months of storage. The comparative study demonstrated that electron beam was more effective for decontamination of chamomile powder than gamma irradiation.

Calculating and Analyzing Tensions from Concrete and Soil and Other Peripheral Forces on Mat Foundation

This paper revisions the effect of mechanical and geometrical features of the concrete and the soil the tensions in a mat foundation. In this revision, the soil-structure dealings are modeled by two factors, the modulus of subgrade vertical reaction (k) and the modulus of subgrade horizontal reaction(2T). These two factors are reliant on on the geometrical and mechanical features of the system. Fallouts of this revision showed a sensitivity of sollicitaions to dissimilarities of geometrical and mechanical features of the model. Although solliciations in the plate are sensitive to mechanical assets of concrete, these solicitations are strongly subjective by the mechanical and geometrical caracteriques of the soil mass. However, it should be renowned that the effect of Eb is meant in the center of the plate whereas the Es felt almost in the same manner over the whole extent of the plate. This revision also shows that for the similar load cases, the values of the tosion moment and shear stress were not important deavant those of bending moments and normal stresses, respectively.Background / Objectives: Developments in the construction of civil engineering and especially disorders observed in the supporting structures pushed the practitioners to better take into account soil-structure interaction in the process of calculating the foundation structures7.A foundation is responsible for transmitting loads from the superstructure to the soil. It provides an interface between the upper part of the structure and the soil3. Results: The study also shows that even for a distributed load, the values of torsion moment and shear stress were not significant. The results of this study combined with those of Sall ( 2013, 2015) shows that calculate a foundation with one design criterion (deformation criterion or strength criterion) only may lead to bad design. This study highlights the need to check both sollicitaions and displacements of the foundation (soil and plate).

Study on antibiotics activity in vitro and treatment effects in place in the experimental burns of EB product isolated from the rhizome of Eleutherine bulbosa

The products EB containing of eleutherine and isoeleutherine have been extracted from the rhizome of Eleutherine bulbosa and showed the antibacterial effect on experimental animals. Based on the results of diameter of sterile ring using the agar diffusion method, EB products have a significant antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri DT 112, Proteus mirabilis BV 108 and Bacillus pumilus at concentrations of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. The EB products exhibited also their antibacterial activity in vivo on the experimental thermal burn in the rabbit skin, reducing the density of bacterial/cm2 at 7 days after treatment by EB ointment, these antibacterial effect of EB is equivalent to sulfadiazine - 1% silver.

Study on antibiotics activity in vitro and treatment effects in place in the experimental burns of EB product isolated from the rhizome of Eleutherine bulbosa

The products EB containing of eleutherine and isoeleutherine have been extracted from the rhizome of Eleutherine bulbosa and showed the antibacterial effect on experimental animals. Based on the results of diameter of sterile ring using the agar diffusion method, EB products have a significant antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri DT 112, Proteus mirabilis BV 108 and Bacillus pumilus at concentrations of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. The EB products exhibited also their antibacterial activity in vivo on the experimental thermal burn in the rabbit skin, reducing the density of bacterial/cm2 at 7 days after treatment by EB ointment, these antibacterial effect of EB is equivalent to sulfadiazine - 1% silver.

Activation of the GPR30 Receptor Promotes Lordosis in Female Mice

Background/Aims: Estrogens are important effectors of reproduction and are critical for upregulating female reproductive behavior or lordosis in females. In addition to the importance of transcriptional regulation of genes by 17β-estradiol-bound estrogen receptors (ER), extranuclear signal transduction cascades such as protein kinase A (PKA) are also important in regulating female sexual receptivity. GPR30 (G-protein coupled receptor 30), also known as GPER1, a putative membrane ER (mER), is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds 17β-estradiol with an affinity that is similar to that possessed by the classical nuclear ER and activates both PKA and extracellular-regulated kinase signaling pathways. The high expression of GPR30 in the ventromedial hypothalamus, a region important for lordosis behavior as well as kinase cascades activated by this receptor, led us to hypothesize that GPR30 may regulate lordosis behavior in female rodents. Method: In this study, we investigated the ability of G-1, a selective agonist of GPR30, to regulate lordosis in the female mouse by administering this agent prior to progesterone in an estradiol-progesterone priming paradigm prior to testing with stud males. Results: As expected, 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB), but not sesame oil, increased lordosis behavior in female mice. G-1 also increased lordosis behavior in female mice and decreased the number of rejective responses towards male mice, similar to the effect of EB. The selective GPR30 antagonist G-15 blocked these effects. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that activation of the mER GPR30 stimulates social behavior in a rodent model in a manner similar to EB.

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein in the blood–brain barrier alters avermectin neurotoxicity and swimming performance in rainbow trout

The importance of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the contribution to its function by the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in teleosts were examined using the P-gp substrates and central nervous system neurotoxins ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a+22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b) [IVM]) and emamectin benzoate (4″-deoxy-49″epimethylaminoavermectin B1 benzoate [EB]). Trout were injected intraperitoneally with 0.01–1.0 and 1–50mg/kg of IVM or EB, respectively either alone or in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA: a P-gp substrate) at 1mg/kg. IVM affected the swimming performance (critical swimming speed, burst swimming distance, and schooling) at significantly lower concentrations than EB. When fish were exposed to IVM or EB in the presence of CsA, alterations to swimming were increased, suggesting that competition for P-gp in the BBB by CsA increased IVM and EB penetration into the CNS and decreased swimming capabilities. The effect of co-administration of CsA on swimming-related toxicity was different between IVM and EB-treated fish; EB toxicity was increased to a greater extent than IVM toxicity. The greater chemosensitization effect of EB vs. IVM was examined using a P-gp competitive inhibition assay in isolated trout hepatocytes with rhodamine 123 as a substrate. At the cellular level, IVM was a more potent inhibitor of P-gp than EB, which allowed for a greater accumulation of R123 in hepatocytes. These results provide evidence for a role of P-gp in the BBB of fish, and suggest that this protein protects fish from environmental neurotoxins.

Pharmacoproteomic Study of the Natural Product Ebenfuran III in DU-145 Prostate Cancer Cells: The Quantitative and Temporal Interrogation of Chemically Induced Cell Death at the Protein Level

A naturally occurring benzofuran derivative, Ebenfuran III (Eb III), was investigated for its antiproliferative effects using the DU-145 prostate cell line. Eb III was isolated from Onobrychis ebenoides of the Leguminosae family, a plant endemic in Central and Southern Greece. We have previously reported that Eb III exerts significant cytotoxic effects on certain cancer cell lines. This effect is thought to occur via the isoprenyl moiety at the C-5 position of the molecule. The study aim was to gain a deeper understanding of the pharmacological effect of Eb III on DU-145 cell death at the translational level using a relative quantitative and temporal proteomics approach. Proteins extracted from the cell pellets were subjected to solution phase trypsin proteolysis followed by iTRAQ-labeling. The labeled tryptic peptide extracts were then fractionated using strong cation exchange chromatography and the fractions were analyzed by nanoflow reverse phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis using a hybrid QqTOF platform. Using this approach, we compared the expression levels of 1360 proteins analyzed at ≤ 1% global protein false discovery rate (FDR), commonly present in untreated (control, vehicle only) and Eb III-treated cells at the different exposure time points. Through the iterative use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis with hierarchical clustering of protein expression patterns, followed by bibliographic research, the temporal regulation of the Calpain-1, ERK2, PAR-4, RAB-7, and Bap31 proteins were identified as potential nodes of multipathway convergence to Eb III induced DU-145 cell death. These proteins were further verified with Western blot analysis. This gel-free, quantitative 2DLC-MS/MS proteomics method effectively captured novel modulated proteins in the DU-145 cell line as a response to Eb III treatment. This approach also provided greater insight to the multifocal and combinatorial signaling pathways implicated in Eb III-induced cell death.

β-Estradiol unmasks metabotropic receptor-mediated metaplasticity of NMDA receptor transmission in the female rat dentate gyrus

Loss of estrogen in women following menopause is associated with increased risk for cognitive decline, dementia and depression, all of which can be prevented by estradiol replacement. The dentate gyrus plays an important role in cognition, learning and memory. The gatekeeping function of the dentate gyrus to filter incoming activity into the hippocampus is modulated by estradiol in a frequency-dependent manner and involves activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). In the present study, we investigated whether estradiol (EB) modulates the metaplastic effect of inducing synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) on subsequent propensity for expression of LTP in the dentate gyrus. At medial perforant path-dentate granule cell synapses in hippocampal slices of ovariectomized female rats, EB replacement was critical for an initial induction of LTP to enhance the magnitude of subsequent LTP elicited by a second high-frequency stimulation, metaplasticity, which was not present in slices from oil-treated control animals. EB enhanced expression of group I mGluRs, and the metaplastic effect of EB on LTP required activation of group I mGluRs that led to Src-family tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylation of NR2B subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) that enhanced the magnitude of NMDAR-dependent LTP. Our data show that EB effects on LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus require activation of group I mGluRs, which in turn leads to functional metaplastic regulation of NR2B subunit-containing NMDARs, as opposed to direct effects of EB on NMDARs.

Biological effects of the anti-parasitic chemotherapeutant emamectin benzoate on a non-target crustacean, the spot prawn ( Pandalus platyceros Brandt, 1851) under laboratory conditions

The potential impact of commercial salmon aquaculture along the coast of British Columbia on the health of non-target marine wildlife is of growing concern. In the current initiative, the biological effects on gene expression within spot prawn ( Pandalus platyceros) exposed to the sea lice controlling agent, emamectin benzoate (EB; 0.1–4.8 mg/kg sediment), were investigated. A mean sediment/water partitioning coefficient ( K p) was determined to be 21.81 and significant levels of EB were detected in the tail muscle tissue in all exposed animals. Animals selected for the experiment did not have eggs and were of similar weight. Significant mortality was observed within 8 days of EB treatment at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.8 mg/kg and there was no effect of EB on molting. Twelve spot prawn cDNA sequences were isolated from the tail muscle either by directed cloning or subtractive hybridization of control versus EB exposed tissues. Three of the transcripts most affected by EB exposure matched sequences encoding the 60S ribosomal protein L22, spliceosome RNA helicase WM6/UAP56, and the intracellular signal mediator histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 suggesting that translation, transcription regulation, and apoptosis pathways were impacted. The mRNA encoding the molting enzyme, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, was not affected by EB treatment. However, the expression of this transcript was extremely variable making it unsuitable for effects assessment. The results suggest that short-term exposure to EB can impact biological processes within this non-target crustacean.

Further findings on the inhibitory effect of estradiol benzoate on the circulation and on 45Ca and 3H-proline incorporation in rat bones.

Various aspects of the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB, Agofollin Depot, Czechoslovakia, usually in a s.c. dose of 5 mg/kg body weight once a week), on the local circulation (the uptake of 85Sr-microspheres), the incorporation of 45Ca and 3H-proline, bone density and ash weight related to bone volume were studied in six experiments in the tibia and distal femur of 224 rats. 1. The dose-response. In rats treated four weeks with doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg EB per rat once a week, a significant correlation with the uptake of 85Sr-microspheres (r = -0.56), the blood flow (r = -0.56), the incorporations of 45Ca (r = -0.89) and 3H-proline (r = -0.35) and body weight (r = -0.71) was demonstrated. 2. The time course of changes after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks administration of EB. Circulatory values were not significantly lowered until after four weeks, 45Ca incorporation and body weight were significantly lower after only one week and 3H-proline incorporation did not fall until after eight weeks. The course of the uptake of 85Sr-microspheres and the incorporation of 45Ca were very similar. 3. Comparison of males and females. EB reduced circulatory values and 45Ca and 3H-proline incorporation and increased bone density and bone ash weight in both males and females. Conclusions. The decrease in the local bone blood flow after EB showed a significant dose-effect correlation; the decrease in circulatory values, on using the given administration method, is significant after four weeks. The inhibitory effect of EB on the bone blood flow is not sex-specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)