Effects Of Earthquake Loading Research Articles

Fluid Structure Interaction Analyses of Elevated Storage Tank under Seismic Load

Elevated storage tanks are used to store fresh and waste water, cereal, oil and petrochemical materials. Therefore they serve in a wide area of utilization in this day and age. Analysis of a half full with water elevated storage tank is performed in the scope of this study. The structure is composed of a steel circular storage tank and frame typed steel stager. The structure is under the effect of earthquake loads as well as operational ones. Numerical model is generated by Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) software including fluid and structure parts. The interaction of the parts is provided by Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) technique. While the structure constitutes the Lagrangian part, the fluid constitutes the Eulerian part. Interaction of Eulerian and Lagrangian parts are provided by general contact algorithms. Free surface movement of the water, maximum displacements and natural frequency values with related mode shapes of the structure are obtained after numerical analysis. Numerical results are verified by semi-analytical model, where the structure is modelled as single degree of freedom system. The accordance between results is numerically and visually obtained. The turbulent movement of water under the influence of an earthquake is modelled by utilizing the CEL technique. So, the effect of the dynamic pressure induced by the turbulence on the tank and the structural system has been taken into consideration.

The Seismic Performance of Infill and Retrofitted Structural Walls under Earthquakes

To account for the effects of infill walls, the Iranian Code reduces the period of the structure. As a result, filler walls in the plane of structural frames result in significant changes in the properties they possess; therefore, the resistance, stiffness, ductility, distribution of internal forces, and other characteristics of such a frame with an empty frame differ greatly. In this research using 7 far-field earthquakes, a nonlinear time history analysis was performed on reinforced concrete frames with and without masonry infill walls. The maximum relative displacements between the stories were determined. Also, to evaluate the seismic performance of structural masonry walls, the fragility curve of unreinforced masonry walls retrofitted with FRP sheet based on different scenario under the effect of earthquake loads has been investigated by the finite element method. According to the results, the presence of infill walls reduces the number of plastic hinges as well as the maximum relative displacement between the stories. Furthermore, by increasing the number of FRP sheet layers and the reinforced area of the FRP sheet to the entire wall of an unreinforced structural wall, the seismic behaviour of the wall is more effective than other reinforcement patterns and damages the wall less.

The formation mechanism of dynamic water and mud inrush geohazard triggered by deep-buried tunnel crossing active fault: Insights from the geomechanical model test

Water and mud inrush geohazard is one of the most important geohazards for underground engineering. Understanding the formation mechanism of water and mud inrush is critical for directing the prevention and control of this geohazard. As a result, a large number of methods have provided insight into this topic, such as the geomechanical model test. However, this geohazard triggered by deep-buried tunnel crossing active fault has not yet been explored. Thus, this study develops a geomechanical model test system to simulate the dynamic water and mud inrush caused by Kangding No.2 tunnel crossing Yunongxi active fault. The results imply that seismic loading can result in fluctuating changes in seepage pressure and stress in the tunnel rock mass. Increasing seismic intensity broadens the fluctuation range, together with a dramatic rise in peak seepage pressure. The coupled effect of earthquake loading and high seepage pressure makes the water-resisting rock mass extremely vulnerable to fracturing, increasing the probability of water and mud inrush. High seismic intensity leads to rock fracture propagation, ulteriorly giving rise to stress releasing, eventually provoking the fracturing of rock mass. Precursor of water and mud inrush can be observed before the geohazard occurs, reflected by the gradual rise of seepage pressure and intermittent fluctuation of stress. Following the increasing earthquake intensity, peak acceleration occurs in a random position of water-resisting rock mass, but mostly appears at the tunnel contour of surrounding rock. The free face of the tunnel exerts an amplifying effect on seismic acceleration. Seismicity affects the formation of water and mud inrush from active fault, which ulteriorly determines the minimum safety thickness of water-resisting rock mass. Monitoring the seepage pressure and stress in water-resisting rock mass is effective for the early warning of inrush hazard.

Analysis of the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with and without non-buckling braces under the effect of earthquake loads

The moment frame is one of the most widely used seismic resistant systems in the world, due to its high formability and flexibility, this system causes a lot of displacement in the structure and force exceeding the capacity of the structural components. The bracing system is a suitable method to control the lateral displacement of the structure and the seismic improvement of the bending frame. The new type of bracing system that is used in the design of new systems and the improvement of old structures is non-buckling bracing, and in this research, their effect on the performance of 4, 7, and 10-story concrete moment frames under the Northridge, San Salvador, and Tabas earthquake has been investigated. The research method in this research is analytical-applied, which the results of this study showed; In the 4-story structure, the amount of wasted energy under the 3 considered earthquakes is equal to 0%, 0%, and 1% without buckling braces and 39%, 48% and 50% in the case with non-buckling braces and in the 7- story structure, the amount of energy consumed under the mentioned 3 earthquakes is equal to 0%, 0% and 0% without buckling braces and 40%, 45% and 51% in the case with non-buckling braces and also in the 10- story structure, the amount of energy consumed under the above 3 earthquakes is equal to 1%, 0% and 11% without buckling braces and 35%, 42% and 45% in the case with non-buckling braces. So, it was concluded that the performance of the structure in the case with non-buckling braces is better than in the case without non-buckling braces.

Rubber effect on metallic dampers used on the supports of steel cross members

SummaryThere are many strengthening methods made with steel cross members for strengthening the structures with inadequate earthquake behavior. This type of strengthening methods is also effective in buckling of the cross members in the behavior of the structural frames. This buckling may cause partial or complete collapse of the structure. Thus, it is quite important to prevent and limit the formation of buckling in steel crosses. At the TEC 2018, the insulation unit is defined as the elements that can exhibit flexible behavior on the horizontal direction and rigid behavior on the vertical direction under the effect of earthquake loads. The basic principle of using insulation units is that these members can dissipate energy in the carrier system. The originality of this study is to experimentally investigate the damper behavior created by using cylindrical rubber wedges, which can be easily found in the automotive industry, in combination with steel plates and bolts. In this experimental study, the contribution of seismic insulators to the structural element to be strengthened was investigated. The insulators used in this study are considered by analogy with lead‐core rubber insulators. As such seismic lead‐core rubber insulators move under the influence of lateral loads, the lead core inside makes plastic deformation, thus increasing the damping rate. In this insulator study, it is aimed to use U plates or bolts instead of lead core. While vertical loads are covered by rubber support, horizontal loads will be damped due to plastic deformation of U plates or bolts. The five types of seismic dampers were used as 10 B‐type rubber wedge mounted damper (SR), 2 U‐type steel plates damper (SP), 10 M6 steel bolted damper (SB), 2 U‐type steel plates and 10 B‐type rubber wedge mounted damper (SPR), 10 M6 steel bolted, and 10 C‐type rubber wedge mounted damper (SBR). These specimens were tested under lateral loading and constant vertical loading. The results obtained at the end of the tests shall be compared considering the strength, stiffness, and dissipated energy capacities of the specimens.

Experimental behavior of masonry infilled RC frames with openings strengthened by using CFRP strip

This study examines the general load-displacement behavior of reinforced concrete frames with opening masonry infill walls in different sizes and locations under lateral earthquake loading. In addition, a strengthening detail was developed with anchored CFRP strips to reduce the negative effects of openings in masonry infill walls on the performance of reinforced concrete frames with infill walls. Experimentally, it was investigated to what extent the proposed strengthening method could improve reinforced concrete frames and masonry infill walls with openings. The variables examined in this study were determined as the size of the openings left in the masonry infill walls and their location in the frame. As a result of the tests of the first series of test specimens in the experimental program, the negative effects of the openings left in the masonry infill walls on the performance of the infilled wall frame systems under the effect of earthquake loading were determined. Within the scope of the study, the effectiveness of the strengthening method with the infilled test specimens was determined in the second series. Within the horizon of the study, the strengthening method developed with anchored Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced-Polymers (CFRP) strips increased the ultimate load capacity, initial stiffness, displacement ductility ratio, and energy dissipation capacity values of the masonry infilled frame systems with opening by an average of 72%, 11%, 13%, and 10%, respectively.

Performance Evaluation of RC Frame - Wall Structures Using Incremental Dynamic Analysis

A structure whose resistance to lateral loading is provided by a combination of shear walls and rigid frames, may be categorized as a frame-wall structure. The behaviour of RC structures under the effect of earthquake loading has always been a subject of investigation. Structural seismic design has been undergoing a major revaluation in recent time, with importance shifting from strength to performance. Nonlinear Time-History Analysis (NLTHA) constitutes the accurate way for simulating response of structures subjected to seismic excitation. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), involves performing nonlinear dynamic analysis of the structure under a set of ground motion records, each scaled monotonically to several intensity levels. In the present paper, RC moment resisting frame-wall structure with 18, 22 and 26 storeys are analysed for seismic zone IV, resting on hard soil and designed as per IS code provisions. Geometrical configuration of the buildings are considered as per IS 16700:2017. Analysis and design of frames are carried out using ETABS-2016. The performance evaluation of above frames is done using NLTHA and IDA using SeismoStruct software for set of 11 recorded ground motions of past Indian earthquake varying in range of magnitude from 5.6 to 7.8. For this parametric study, the performance criteria as per FEMA 356 for the limit states of Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) are considered. Results obtained from NLTHA are shown in terms of Interstorey Drift Ratio (IDR) profile. The results of NLTHA showed satisfactory performance when evaluated by a set of recorded ground motions of past Indian earthquakes. Individual and summarized IDA curves for 16%, 50% and 84% IDA of IDR | Sa illustrates that RC Frame-walls crosses the IO performance level and are well below the CP level for all cases which shows acceptable performance.

Dynamic responses of steel cylindrical tanks subjected to sequential loadings of earthquake and explosion

The earthquake-explosion sequence is one of the typical multi-hazard coupling scenarios in chemical industrial parks (CIPs), of which hazardous installation units are easily damaged by the combined loadings. However, the structural dynamic responses behavior is extremely complex and associated with non-stationary relations. It is still challenging to capture a clear insight into the structural failure caused by sequential multi-hazards. This work focuses on the damage amplified phenomena of the steel cylindrical tank under the earthquake-explosion sequence. Specifically, a consecutive coupling approach is established, considering the interaction between the tank and stored liquid. The coupling effects of earthquake loading and blast wave on the deformation characteristics, stress response, energy absorption, and anti-blasting ability of the tank are investigated. Additionally, the effects of the seismic intensity and explosion intensity are analyzed. The results indicate that the failure of the tank probably appears in the upper portion under combined loadings. Compared to the tank without earthquake action, the seismic damage status results in multiple stress concentrations. The dynamic responses of the seismic damage tank under explosions are higher, which are 1.0–2.4 times than the case without earthquake action. Moreover, with the explosion intensity decreasing, the damage amplification effect of the tank under combined loadings becomes more apparent. Negative pressure and the impact of convective pressure formed by the liquid sloshing are the main factors causing the depression deformation of tank structure under the coupling effect. With the plastic deformation of the tank caused by earthquakes, the anti-blast performance of the tank will further reduce. The coupling scenarios of bi-directional earthquakes will cause more severe consequences than the uni-directional earthquake, while there are no significant differences in the coupling amplification effects in this work. These conclusions contribute to exploring the complex failure mechanisms of the tank exposed to post-earthquake explosion scenarios.

Study of seismic analysis of asymmetric building with different shapes of staggered openings and without openings in Shear Wall

Shear walls are structural members that are usually used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral forces such as wind and seismic. Several studies suggest that shear walls perform better without any openings, however in situations such as provision of openings for ventilation and mechanical movement for lifts, it is mandatory to give openings in shear walls. Evaluation of seismic responses of shear walls is vital to check for stability and integrity of structures from external loads. This comparative study focuses on the effectiveness of various shapes of vertical staggered openings in an asymmetrical building under the effect of earthquake loads with the help of ETABS software. 10 storey asymmetric building is analyzed by response spectrum method to compare the parameters such as displacement, storey drift, storey shear, storey stiffness, base shear between different shapes of staggered openings such as square, rectangular and triangular compared to the same model with uniform openings and without openings in shear wall. This paper also further explains the failure pattern between staggered and uniform openings in shear walls. Furthermore, the model is also analyzed with rectangular openings aligned along the center line of shear wall to understand the effectiveness of placement too. There is very little study on the effectiveness of different shapes of staggered openings in an asymmetric building. The main aim of this paper is as follows: to understand the advantages of staggered openings over uniform openings and to analyze effectiveness of staggered openings to seismic load when different shapes of openings are used.

EVALUASI KINERJA STRUKTUR JEMBATAN PELENGKUNG AKIBAT BEBAN GEMPA DENGAN ANALISIS RIWAYAT WAKTU

The behavior of the arch bridge structure has its own peculiarities in distributing loading. The curved shape of the structure allows the structure's own weight to be transferred to the foundation as the normal compressive force without bending. the load is transferred through the semicircular structure to the abutments on either side. The curved (semicircular) design will naturally shift the load received by the floor of the bridge vehicle towards the abutment which keeps both sides of the bridge from moving sideways. Earthquake is a dominant horizontal cyclic loading of a structure. The performance of bridge structures due to the effects of earthquake loading is an important aspect that needs to be taken into account in designing and evaluating the bridge structure. The method used in this study is time history analysis. This article aims to evaluate the performance of arch bridge structures due to earthquake loads by using time-history analysis method. The results of the structure performance show that. The performance of the bridge due to the loading of the Loma prieta earthquake is generated from the period scale that has been analyzed with the 10 second period of the first earthquake for each result. Based on the results of Midas analysis, the strongest location where the damage occurs is in the middle of the bridge road. At the coordinates of 19 the largest displacement is at joint 268 of 1.177169 mm and for U2 of 0.0194 mm and U3 of 31.763771 mm.

Circular lining behaviour due to earthquake load in MRT Jakarta underground tunnel area CP-106

One solution to traffic congestion in Jakarta is to build a mass transportation system in the form of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), especially the application of underground tunnel structures. This study examines the modeling of tunnel behavior on the effect of earthquake loads. This study calculates circular tunnel behavior in static and dynamic conditions due to earthquake effects. Static condition analysis using Muir Wood’s theory and dynamic conditions using the theories of Wang (1993) and Panzien (2000) as well as supported by empiric and numeric calculations. The depth of the MRT tunnel in the CP-106 area is at a depth of 11 meters by diverting by clay with NSPT 3-20. The results show that in static condition has tunnel deformation that works at 8.06 mm in empiric and 15.12 mm in numeric. In the dynamic analysis with earthquake acceleration in 300 cm/s2 produces oval deformation at 15.95 mm in empiric and 15.20 mm in numeric. The maximum deformation limit given is 20 mm with a maximum earthquake acceleration value of 400 cm/s2. In conclusion, MRT Jakarta area CP-106 in static condition has a lower deformation than dynamic conditions, but both conditions fulfill the deformation tunnel requirements.

Structural Behavior of a Coupled Concrete Dam-Reservoir system under Effect of Earthquake loads Using Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model

In this study the effect of dam-reservoir interaction on the dynamic response of gravity dam by assuming the mass concrete is able to be cracked and crushed in tension and compression, respectively is considered. Where the effect of reservoir fluctuation on the dynamic response of concrete dam is investigated. In this study, to simulate the nonlinear behavior of concrete and specifying the position and direction of cracks which is occurred in gravity dam, the concrete damaged plasticity model is used. The results of this study indicate that, the maximum relative displacement in the downstream direction of a dam subjected to an earthquake is occurred when the height of water in the reservoir is at the middle of the dam. In addition, in the case of water level in the reservoir is at the base of dam, the maximum relative displacement of the dam is at the upstream.

Effect of Wind and Earthquake Loading on Telecommunication Tower

The telecommunication industry plays a great role in human societies and thus much more attention is now being paid to telecommunication towers than it was in the past. Telecommunication towers are tall structures usually designed for supporting parabolic antennas installed at a specific height. As telecommunication towers are the only means of enhancing both the coverage area and network reliability, more and more telecommunications towers are installed nowadays. The stability of towers post-earthquake or a cyclone is of great concern. Hence in the present study, a detailed analysis has been made on the behaviour of the telecommunication tower subjected to wind and seismic loads with varying the bracing system of towers. Gust factor method is used for wind load analysis. Conducted analytical study on effect of wind on telecommunication towers, for wind speed of 50m/s for four combination of bracing systems; Also studied the effect of earthquake loading on telecommunication towers using Modal analysis and Response Spectrum method, for seismic zones III, IV and V for all the four combination of bracing systems. The results of displacement at the top of the towers and stresses in the bottom leg of the towers are compared and the optimum bracing system is found.

Effect of Earthquake loads on School Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: The designing of the reinforced concrete building for the reduction of the seismic load has significantly gained popularity. Most of the buildings in Saudi Arabia are designed for the gravity load, based on its seismicity level. Objective: The study evaluates the effects of the earthquake load on the RC school building located in Saudi Arabia. Method: An equivalent static analysis technique used to apply the seismic analysis and design method according to Saudi Building Code SBC301 (2007). This design code is used to redesign the chosen school building. The SAP 2000 structural analysis software was used to analyses and study the structure behaviour due to the seismic load. Results: The results of the study provide that the RC school building design in Saudi Arabia is inadequate, and unsafe for the earth quakes. Conclusion: One of the important conclusions in this study is that the designer of the school building in Saudi Arabia should take into consideration the earthquake loads. It also emphasizes on the development of the adequate framework for the implementation of the safe designing of the buildings inclusive of earthquake safety measures.

DESAIN PELAT GEDUNG STRUKTUR BETON BERTULANG DI WILAYAH GEMPA TINGGI

The effect of earthquake loads have to be considered when we need to design a building in Indonesia because of the earthquake happen almost on every region in Indonesia. This study mean to achieve slab design. Four stories building in Gunungsitoli city used as structure model. Slab has been design as one way slab. Loads considered in SNI 1727:2013, while the design process according to SNI 2847:2013. From this study, the dimension of roof slab is 10 cm, while reinforced are Ø10-200 and Ø8-200. The dimension of floor slab is 12 cm, while reinforced are Ø10-200 and Ø8-150.

A novel approach to enhance the accuracy of vibration control of Frames

All structures built within known seismically active regions are typically designed to endure earthquake forces. Despite advances in earthquake resistant structures, it can be inferred from hindsight that no structure is entirely immune to damage from earthquakes. Active vibration control systems, unlike the traditional methods which enlarge beams and columns, are highly effective countermeasures to reduce the effects of earthquake loading on a structure. It requires fast computation of nonlinear structural analysis in near time and has historically demanded advanced programming hosted on powerful computers. This research aims to develop a new approach for active vibration control of frames, which is applicable over both elastic and plastic material behavior. In this study, the Force Analogy Method (FAM), which is based on Hook’s Law is further extended using the Timoshenko element which considers shear deformations to increase the reliability and accuracy of the controller. The proposed algorithm is applied to a 2D portal frame equipped with linear actuator, which is designed based on full state Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). For comparison purposes, the portal frame is analysed by both the Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko element respectively. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the Timoshenko element over Euler Bernoulli for application in nonlinear analysis.

Seismic Bearing Capacity Factor Considering Composite Failure Mechanism

This article describes how the design of shallow foundation needs complete knowledge about bearing capacity. During earthquakes additional lateral force acts at the foundation bed which reduces the bearing capacity. Most of the literature present either the pseudo static analysis or assume a planar failure surface to estimate seismic bearing capacity factors. Here, a pseudo dynamic approach that considers the time dependent effect of earthquake loading is employed. A composite failure surface has been considered for a more realistic estimation of seismic bearing capacity. New expressions were formulated to arrive at the seismic bearing capacity factor, considering the forces acting on the failure wedge based on the limit equilibrium approach. The effect of soil friction angles and the seismic peak of horizontal ground accelerations on the seismic bearing capacity were studied using the proposed method. It was observed that present pseudo-dynamic analysis with a composite failure mechanism gives lower values of seismic bearing capacity factors when compared to pseud- static analysis.

Reliability Based Pseudo-Dynamic Analysis of Gravity Retaining Walls

Pseudo-dynamic method of analysis, considering the effect of earthquake loading, shear and primary waves, results in more realistic values of earth pressures than the commonly used pseudo-static method. To account for the uncertainties of geotechnical parameters, conventionally, either a global Factor of Safety (FS) to the entire structure or a constant partial FS to a particular geotechnical variable is applied. The present paper aims at quantifying these uncertainties and proposes partial risk factors based upon the variations of geotechnical random variables. For this purpose, a gravity retaining wall is analyzed by pseudo-dynamic method of analysis against sliding and overturning modes of failure. The backfill and foundation soil properties are treated as random variables and the effect of their variation on stability of the wall for various earthquake conditions is investigated. Probability of Failure (P f ) for the two modes is calculated by Monte Carlo Simulation. Sensitivity analysis of each random variable is carried out by F-Test analysis to analyze the impact of the random variables on the failure modes. Finally, these two are combined mathematically to produce a modification factor called the Probabilistic Risk Factor (R f ) for each random variable. It is observed that apart from the seismic horizontal and vertical pseudo-dynamic coefficients Q h (t) and Q v (t), the variation in friction angle of backfill soil (φ 1 ) and cohesion of foundation soil (c 2 )are the major influential geotechnical parameters in stability of the gravity retaining wall. If the variation of internal angle of friction of backfill and foundation soil exceeds approximately 7–8%, the structure needs to be modified for stability requirements. Similarly, the dimension of the structure needs to be increased if COV of c 2 exceeds 20% to maintain stability. Parametric studies are carried out for different combinations of vertical and horizontal seismic acceleration coefficients, and risk factor based approach is applied in each case.

Application of Hyperstatic Reaction Method for Designing of Tunnel Permanent Lining, Part I: 2D Numerical Modelling

The increase of bored tunnels in the entire world has raised the question how to design the tunnel structure in an efficient way. This paper proposes a numerical approach to the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for analysing permanent tunnel linings. The permanent tunnel lining is known as main structure of tunnel maintenance during the time. The HRM is one of the analysis methods for tunnel lining in long term. In this paper, two dimensional numerical modelling is performed by considering hyperstatic reaction concepts. Loading is done after the calculation of long term loads, and ground reaction is simulated by springs. Designing is done for Manjil-Rudabar freeway project, Tunnel No. 2. The numerical analyses were performed for Operational Design Earthquake (ODE) and Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) loading conditions. A new simplified approach is used for considering the effect of earthquake loading on the tunnel lining. Then, an interaction diagram between axial force and bending moment used for investigating the capacity of tunnel lining. The thickness of tunnel lining and armature are calculated for three sections based on induced forces in tunnel lining. These forces were different in every section according to the load combinations, rock mechanics properties, lining properties, and overburden. The numerical results showed that the forces in tunnel lining for MDE condition is approximately 50% more than ODE condition in earthquake loading. This numerical processing presented that the HRM is a proper, fast, and practical method for designing and analysing the tunnel lining.

Comparative Study on Wind Analysis of Multi-story RCC and Composite Structure for Different Plan Configuration

The multi story high rise RCC structures are more bulky and less ductile in nature as compare to composite structures. This study investigates the comparison between RCC and composite structure under the effect of wind, additional to it composite structure also includes different plan configurations. In this study total fifteen number of building model are prepared and analysis for wind load by using ETABS 2015. The wind analysis is performed for different heights such 20m, 50m and 80m. In addition, the comparative study concludes that the composite structure are larger ductile in nature and more susceptible as compare to RCC structure and the composite option is better than RCC for multi story buildings. In addition, the comparison of different plan configuration shows that the response of parameter such as story displacement, story stiffness, base reaction and time period under effect of wind. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the most effective shape of structure in prone zone. The reinforced concrete structures are mostly used from many decades because of its stiffness, most convenience, high durability and ease to construct. The RCC structures are more suitable for low rise structure but for medium to high rise structures it is no longer economical because of large dead load, less susceptible, span restriction and complex formwork. So that, Structural designer is facing the problem of less susceptibility to lateral loads and also the problem of economy. The population of India is increasing day by day and they required land for living, for that multi story structures are best option for construction in metropolis cities where less land is available. Because multi story structure provides large floor area in small land area. Therefore, it is essential to construct high rise buildings. If high rise buildings are constructed than many structural problems arise, such as lateral load effect, lateral displacement and stiffness etc. Generally for high rise structure wind and earth quake load effects are dominant. Therefore for high rise buildings it is essential to have knowledge of various loads and its effect on buildings. The effect of lateral load is very important to consider such as earthquake and wind loads. In some cases the wind load is dominant than earthquake load which depends on area and zone factor defined by codes. Defining wind there are two aspects first one is beneficial which is to generate power and gives relief in hot and humid atmosphere and second one is parasitic which comes out to be factor consider for engineers. This wind effect will cause and produce wind induced motion in the structure. As high rise buildings push the envelope to greater heights, the structural designers are not only faced with problem to choosing a structural elements to carry the lateral load such as wind load and earthquake load but also insuring the design criteria that meets stability and serviceability requirement under complex wind environment. In addition, the high rise structures should meet more stiffness under lateral loads. Wind load act as lateral load on buildings which is act as along and across wind. In IS Code 875(Part 3)-1987, the basic wind speed are given in map and categorized by zones. The shape of buildings is very important in wind analysis, because the wind pressure is mainly depends on the exposed area of building against wind.