Effect Of Drip Irrigation Research Articles

Soil Water Regime in the Tunnel Shelters at Heating Water Filled Shells - Sleeves and Drip Irrigation

The results of studies of soil water regime in the box- section of the surface soil heating by shell-sleeves are given. The peculiarities of formation, dynamics of humidity and holard in the different periods and the effect of drip irrigation on soil water regime which is heated by shell-sleeves are established.

Effects of drip irrigation on deep root distribution, rooting depth, and soil water profile of jujube in a semiarid region

Aims Aimed to understand how soil water was depleted by deep roots, the effects of drip irrigation and stand age on the deep root distribution, rooting depth, and soil water profile dynamics were investigated in a jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill. CV. Lizao) plantation.

The effect of drip irrigation on the yield and quality of apples

The paper describes the assessment of the influence of drip irrigation on the quality and yield of apples of the species Golden Delicious/M9 and Gala/M9 in the locality Velké Němčice performed by the Institute of Horticultural Machinery ZF MENDELU in Brno.The experiment is based in the orchard of the company Sady Velké Němčice, s. r. o. The assessed varieties are Golden Delicious and Gala planted in 2003 with the spacing 3.5 × 1.1 m. The experiment is performed in four rows. In every row four 50 meters long experimental sections are marked. Each section is irrigated in a different way. The irrigated sections are fitted with driplines (supplied by NETAFIM CZECH, s. r. o.) with different drip-flow rates: 1.6 l/hour (sections labelled “REDUCED”), 2.3 l/hour (“STANDARD”), and 3.5 l/hour (“INCREASED”). Pipes without drippers are installed in the control sections without irrigation (“CONTROL”). The sequence of the sections in the adjacent rows varies to increase the objectivity of the measurement. During the four-year monitoring a positive influence on the quality and yield of apples has been detected.

Effect of different cultivation methods on germination and growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora

The effects of drip irrigation and different cultivation methods on seed germination and growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora in saline-sodic soils were investigated in field experiments during 2008-2010 in the Songnen Plain, China. Drip irrigation was applied to waste saline-sodic P. tenuiflora grasslands for both flat and ridge cultivation methods. Drip irrigation affected the distributions of electrical conductivity of saturated-soil extract (ECe) and pH of the saline-sodic soil. After cropping under drip irrigation for two years, the ECe and pH had decreased greatly in the root zone on both the flat and ridge lands, and enabled P. tenuiflora seeds to germinate and grow rapidly. In addition, the plant height, number and length of spikes, coverage and aboveground biomass were all higher on the flat than on ridge land, but the differences of the two cultivation methods were not obvious. Compared to ridge planting, the flat planting method was more convenient, and flat cultivation and drip irrigation may be appropriate for restoration of saline-sodic grasslands.

Effect of drip irrigation on soil nutrients changes of saline–sodic soils in the Songnen Plain

A field experiment was carried out to research the changes and spatial distributions of soil nutrients in saline–sodic soil for different number of cultivated years under drip irrigation. The distributions of available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), as well as the amount of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic carbon (OC) in the 0–40 cm soil layers in saline–sodic soils planted with Leymus chinensis for 1, 2, and 3 years were studied. The results showed that the distance from the emitter had an obvious effect on soil nutrients. Drip irrigation had substantial effects on levels of AK, AP, and NO3−–N. The contents of AK, AP, and NO3−–N were very high in the area near the emitter in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, levels of all of the available and total soil nutrients decreased with increased soil depth. Levels of AK, AP, NO3−–N, NH4+–N, TN, TP, and OC all increased with continued cultivation of crops on saline–sodic soil using drip irrigation. Compared to the nutrients found in soils from the natural L. chinensis grasslands, the contents of AK and TP were higher in the drip-irrigated soils, although the contents of AP, NO3−–N, and NH4+–N were broadly comparable. Given the rate of improvements in nutrient levels, we forecast that the nutrients in drip-irrigated saline–sodic soils should match those of the natural L. chinensis grasslands after 3–6 years of cultivation.

Effect of drip irrigation and mulches on physiological parameters, soil temperature, picking patterns and yield in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)

Water and temperature are critical for producing vegetable crops, especially during winter, when the availability of water is meager and temperature falls. Studies of drip irrigation and mulch were undertaken to find the effect on different growth and yield parameters in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four main and four subplots. Irrigation levels were placed on main plots and mulches on subplots with three replicates for each. All recorded vegetative parameters were higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 pan evaporation (Epan) and black polythene mulch. Physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate (18.01 and 17.45 μmol m−2 s−1), transpiration rate (6.19 and 5.86 mmol H2O m−2 s−1) and chlorophyll content (27.34 and 28.39; 39.22 and 41.27 SPAD, respectively at 50 and 100 days after planting) were maximal in crops with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan and mulched with black polythene. Soil and canopy temperature were significantly higher on flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan. Soil temperature was higher with the black polythene mulch, but canopy temperature was higher with no mulch. A higher level of drip irrigation and black polythene mulch result in early picking with higher yields compared with flood irrigation and no mulch.

Effect of Drip Irrigation in Bt-Cotton Yield

Field experiments were conducted during winter 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to find out the effect of drip irrigation on the productivity and water use efficiency in Bt-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiments were laid out in a randomized block design replicated four times. The treatments consisted of drip irrigation at 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.0 ETC (Crop evapotranspiration) compared with farmers’ method (flood irrigation method). The results revealed that application of water to Bt-cotton through drip resulted in better growth, higher seed cotton yield and better quality of lint than the surface method. The yield advantage due to different irrigation schedules through drip based on ETc was 26.2 and 12.8% over surface method during 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively. Among the irrigation through drip, irrigation at 0.80 ETC recorded better growth and gave higher seed cotton yield than irrigation at 0.60 ETC. The water use efficiency with drip irrigated Bt-cotton was 44.4% higher than the flood method of irrigation.

EFFECTS OF SALINE WATER ON TOMATO UNDER SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION: NUTRITIONAL AND FOLIAR ASPECTS

A field experiment on the effects of drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with saline water (6.57 dS m -1 ) on three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Rio Tinto, Rio Grande and Nemador) was carried out with the purpose to quantify physiological responses. The aim was to improve irrigation water management under saline conditions of Tunisia. The trial was established in a siltclayey soil with three regimes of irrigation: 100 %, 85 % and 70 % of crop water requirement. Results evidenced a significant difference between the two irrigation systems for the three cultivars. Growth parameters such as leaf area, chlorophyll content and mineral composition of leaves, petioles, stems and roots were affected significantly by the different treatments, particularly for Rio Tinto and Nemador, being Rio Grande the more adapted. The fruit was the organ less affected. Strong accumulation of Na + and Cl - accompanied a reduction in Ca 2+ , K + , Mg 2+ and P content in the case of DI. The distribution of these last necessary elements for plants nutrition under a strong accumulation of Na + and Cl - depends on the cultivar and changes from one organ to another. SDI can be included as an effective option for tomato production in Tunisia.

Effect of Drip Irrigation and Polythene Mulch on the Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Precision Farming Development Centre, Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the year 2009- 2010 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatment combinations ( 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water through drip irrigation system with and without polythene mulch + Basin irrigation with and without mulch). Fruits characters, yield and yield attributing parameter were higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch (T8) and the same characters were lowest under control (Basin irrigation with V- volume of water). Application of black plastic mulch with drip irrigation system can conserve moisture, check the growth of weeds and improve the fruit yield and quality. Water use efficiency was higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch and low under basin irrigation with V volume of water. The net income and benefit cost ratio was also higher under the treatment T8 as compared to surface method of irrigation.

Effects of drip irrigation with saline water on tomato water use and soil salinity in semi-humid regions of North China

A three years experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of saline water and soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato water use, water use efficiency (WUE) and soil salinity under drip irrigation in semi-humid regions of North China. The results indicate that tomato seasonal water use dec with the increasing of electrical conductivity of saline water (EC i ), and decreased with the decreasing of SMP. Water use efficiency increased a little with the increasing of EC i , and increased with the decreasing of SMP. After three-year saline water irrigation, the soil salinity in the layer of 0-90 cm did not increase obviously.

Management of strawberry anthracnose by choice of irrigation system, mulching material and host resistance

We studied, by means of field experiments, the combined effects of irrigation system, mulching material and genetic resistance on the incidence of strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. All trials involved artificial inoculation with fruits colonized by the pathogen. One experiment examined the effects of drip irrigation, overhead sprinkler irrigation, and localized low-pressure tape irrigation, and the effects of grass (Brachiaria sp.) and plastic (polyethylene) mulches, in a split plot, randomized complete block design with four replicates. Lower disease incidence, indicating lower pathogen dispersal, was verified with low-pressure tape and drip irrigation. Flower blight and fruit rot incidence in drip-irrigated plots was minimal (ca. 2% of the disease levels in the plots otherwise irrigated). Grass mulch reduced flower blight in the sprinkler system (up to 80%), but had no significant effect when disease levels were already low due to use of other irrigation systems. A second experiment compared the effects of grass mulch, pine (Pinus elliotti) mulch, and plastic mulch with overhead sprinkler irrigation on strawberry cultivars partially resistant (‘Dover’) and susceptible (‘Campinas’) to the disease in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). Both organic mulches reduced flower blight and diseased fruit incidence by up to 76% compared to the plastic mulch treatment, especially in the early stages of the epidemics. ‘Dover’ had 70% lower incidence of flower blight than ‘Campinas’, and the effects of organic mulches were more pronounced in ‘Campinas’. A third experiment, with all three irrigation systems combined with inoculated and non-inoculated plots, estimated yield effects due to disease and irrigation system. All plots were covered with plastic mulch in a CRD with six treatments. This experiment clearly confirmed the higher flower blight and fruit rot incidences when sprinkler irrigation was used. In inoculated treatments, fruit yield was significantly reduced in tape-irrigated plots, and more so in sprinkler-irrigated plots. In drip-irrigated plots yield was reduced by only 1%. Overall, our results confirm the importance of cultural and genetic factors as valuable means of strawberry anthracnose management. Adoption of localized irrigation systems, the use of organic mulches and choice of a partially resistant cultivar significantly reduced disease levels in field plots. The importance of water splash for C. acutatum dispersal and its dependency on the soil mulch characteristics are the likely causes for the results observed.

Drip irrigation of tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) : 1. Yield and crop water productivity responses to irrigation

The effects of drip irrigation on the yield and crop water productivity responses of four tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) clones were studied four consecutive years (2003/2004–2006/2007), in a large (9 ha) field experiment comprising of six drip irrigation treatments (labelled: I 1– I 6) and four clones (TRFCA PC81, AHP S15/10, BBK35 and BBT207) planted at a spacing of 1.20 m × 0.60 m at Kibena Tea Limited (KTL), Njombe in the Southern Tanzania in a situation of limited water availability. Each clone × drip irrigation treatment combination was replicated six times in a completely randomized design with 144 net plots each with an area of 72 m 2. Clone TRFCA PC81 gave the highest yields (range: 5920–6850 kg dried tea ha −1) followed by clones BBT207 (5010–5940 kg dried tea ha −1), AHP S15/10 (4230–5450 kg dried tea ha −1) and BBK35 (3410–4390 kg dried tea ha −1) and drip irrigation treatment I 2 gave the highest yields, ranging from 4954 to 6072 kg dried tea ha −1) compared with those from other treatments (4113–5868 kg dried tea ha −1). Most of these yields exceeded those (4200 kg dried tea ha −1) obtained from overhead sprinkler irrigation system in Mufindi also Southern Tanzania, and Kibena Estate itself. Results showed that drip irrigation of tea not only increased yields but also gave water saving benefits of up to 50% from application of 50% less water to remove the cumulative soil water deficit (treatment I 2), and with labour saving of 85% for irrigation. The yield of dried tea per mm depth of water applied, i.e., “the crop water productivity” for drip irrigation of clones TRFCA PC81, BBT207 and BBK35, in 2003/2004 for instance, were 9.3, 8.5 and 7.1 kg dried tea [ha mm] −1, respectively. The corresponding values in 2004/2005 were 2.7, 4.5 and 2.0 kg dried tea [ha mm] −1 while the yield responses from clone AHP S15/10 were linear decreasing by 1 and 1.6 kg dried tea [ha mm] −1 in 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, respectively. In 2005/2006 the crop water productivity from clones TRFCA PC81, AHP S15/10, BBK35 and BBT207 were 4.5, 0.4, 5.2 and 6.9 kg dried tea [ha mm] −1, respectively with quadratic yield response functions to drip irrigation depth of water application. The results are presented and recommendations and implications made for technology-transfer scaling-up for increased use by large and smallholder tea growers.

Effects of drip irrigation on canopy and soil temperature, leaf gas exchange, flowering and nut setting of mature coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Effect of drip irrigation with saline water on tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield and water use in semi-humid area

Due to the decreasing availability of fresh water to agriculture in many regions, saline water utilization in irrigation gets more and more attention. In order to facilitate the safe use of saline water for irrigation, the effects of salinity on crops should be understood, and optimal management strategies should be developed. A 3-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of saline water on tomato yield and water use under mulched drip irrigation in North China Plain in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Five treatments of irrigation water with average salinity levels of 1.1, 2.2, 2.9, 3.5 and 4.2 dS/m in 2003 and 2004, and 1.1, 2.2, 3.5, 4.2 and 4.9 dS/m in 2005 were designed. Throughout tomato growing season, the soil matric potentials at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitters of all treatments were kept higher than −20 kPa and saline water was applied about 30 days after transplant. Results showed that irrigation water salinity ranging 1.1–4.9 dS/m had few effects on tomato yield, but had some effects on tomato seasonal accumulative water use, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). With the increase of irrigation water salinity, tomato seasonal accumulative water use decreased, WUE and IWUE increased. After 3-year irrigating with saline water, soil salinity in the 0–90 cm soil depths did not increase. So in North China Plain, or similar semi-humid area, when there were not enough fresh water for irrigation, saline water with salinity from 2.2 to 4.9 dS/m can be applied to irrigate field culture tomatoes after appropriate management strategies were adopted.

Effect of Drip Irrigation, N-Fertigation and Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Quality of Carrot

Effect of Drip Irrigation, N-Fertigation and Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Quality of Carrot In the years of 2004-2006 research on influence of surface and subsurface drip irrigation on yield and quality of carrot grown on ridges and on the flat ground was investigated. Irrigation was started at soil water potential of 30-40 kPa. Nitrogen fertilizers (100 kg.ha-1) were applied in two rates. The first rate was preplant applied, the second was used by fertigation. In the control treatment without irrigation, the second rate of nitrogen was applied by broadcasting. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation significantly increased the yield of carrot. In cultivation on ridges higher yield of the carrot was obtained when surface drip irrigation was applied as compare to subsurface method. Carrot cultivated on ridges produced significantly longer roots than cultivated on flat ground. Generally the surface and subsurface drip irrigation decreased dry matter content and total N content in carrot roots. Drip irrigation at both cultivation methods increased pH and decreased the salt concentration of the soil.

The effects of drip irrigation on flowering and flower quality of glasshouse gladiolus plant

This study was carried out to determine the effects of irrigation on flowering, flower quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of gladiolus ( Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) planted in glasshouse in the winter and irrigated by a drip irrigation system under Mediterranean conditions. Two gladiolus varieties, Peter Pears and Eurovision, were used. Three irrigation levels, I 1 = 0.50 Epan, I 2 = 0.75 Epan, and I 3 = 1.00 Epan, were applied based on the evaporation measured by a Class A Pan (Epan, mm) located in the glasshouse. It was found that the irrigation levels affect the flowering (percentage) and flower quality characteristics of gladiolus and the two gladiolus varieties were not statistically different. The highest quality was obtained in the I 3 irrigation treatment, followed by I 2 and I 1. Seasonal water use of I 1, I 2, and I 3 irrigation treatments on the average were found to be 12.7, 15.4, and 18.1 mm week −1, respectively. A linear relation between water use (WU) and flowering percentage for Peter Pears and Eurovision varieties ( R 2 = 0.91 and 0.85, P ≤ 0.01, respectively) were obtained. It is determined that every mm of water is increasing flowering percentage of gladiolus about 0.3%.

Effects of Drip Irrigation on Population of Verticillium dahliae in Olive Orchards

AbstractVerticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea L.), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is nowadays the most serious olive disease in Spain. The disease increments are being observed particularly in young olive plantations, favoured by several factors including inadequate cultural practices and crop production intensification, such as irrigation. Thus, three olive orchards affected by Verticillium wilt, with disease incidence ranging 30–50%, were selected to determine if the drip irrigation could favour the increase of pathogen in soil. Pathogen in soil was quantified in wet zones around the drippers and in dry zones out of them. Inoculum density in all experiments was higher in wet than in dry areas. After 4 months of watering, soil pathogen population increased considerably in wet and dry areas but inoculum density remained higher in the wet soil.

促成ナスの点滴かん水施肥(養液土耕)栽培における生育および収量と窒素の動態

促成ナスの点滴かん水施肥(養液土耕)栽培における生育および収量と窒素の動態

Effect of drip irrigation on squash ( Cucurbita pepo) yield and water-use efficiency in sandy calcareous soils amended with clay deposits

Water research studies in Saudi Arabia clearly showed sever depletion of groundwater. Therefore, the scientifically applied research program related to water saving and conservation in agriculture is essential, where agricultural activities account for more than 85% of the total water consumed. This study aims to investigate the effect of four irrigation levels, two irrigation methods and three clay deposits on water-use efficiency (WUE) of squash and the distributions of salts and roots in sandy calcareous soils. A field experiment was conducted at the college experimental station in 2002 and 2003. It consists of three clay deposits, three rates (CO = 0, C2 = 1.0 and C3 = 2.0%), four irrigation levels (T 1 = 60, T 2 = 80, T 3 = 100 and T 4 = 120% of Eto) using surface (IM1) and subsurface (IM2) drip irrigation. Results indicated that squash fruit yield was significantly increased with the increase in irrigation water level for each season. Generally, WUE values were increased as linearly with applied irrigation water and decreased at the highest irrigation level. Types of clay deposits significantly affected fruit yields compared with the control. The yield increase was 12.8, 8.35 and 6.4% for Khulays, Dhruma and Rawdat clay deposits, respectively. The differences between surface and subsurface drip on fruit yields and WUE were also significant. Results indicated that moisture content of subsurface-treated layer increased dramatically, while salts were accumulated at the surface and away from the emitters in subsurface drip irrigation. Intensive root proliferation is observed in the clay-amended subsurface layer compared with non-amended soil. The advantages of subsurface drip irrigation were related to the relative decrease in salt accumulation in the root zone area where the plant roots were active and water content was relatively higher.

Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilization Timing and Rate on Yield of Onion

ABSTRACT There is insufficient information on the effects of drip irrigation and drip fertigation with nitrogen on growth and development of onions. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using these techniques in connection with fertilization, where nitrogen is split into preplant and side-dress application, that is used in onion (Allium cepa L.) production. Yield of spring sown onion (cvs. Riviera F1 and Utopia F1 in 1999 and cv. Riviera F1 only in 2000), were investigated in field experiments on a sandy-loam soil. Nitrogen fertilization consisted of a preplant application of 50 kg·ha−1 N incorporated in all treatments, and a side-dress application of: (1) 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form without irrigation, (2) 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form plus drip irrigation, or (3) 50, or (4) 150, or (5) 250 kg·ha−1 N in surface fertigation, applied through drip lines, and (6) 150 kg·ha−1 N in subsurface fertigation, applied through buried drip lines. In comparison with the not irrigated or fertigated control, addition of 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form to the drip irrigated treatment 2 resulted in a significant marketable yield increase of both onion cultivars (cv. Riviera F1–18% and cv. Utopia F1–28%). Marketable yield increased as a result of application of 50 kg·ha−1 N, with fertigation (treatment 3, i.e., cv. Riviera F1–27% and cv. Utopia F1–55%). Fertigation N rates higher than 50 kg·ha−1 (treatments 4 to 6) did not increase onion yields. In 2000, the yield increase due to application of N in dry form and irrigation (treatment 2) was not significant. Higher marketable yields were produced when the 50 kg·ha−1 N rate was applied through drip fertigation (41% increase, treatment 3) and highest after applying 150 kg·ha−1 N (treatment 4) through fertigation (79% increase as compared to the control). Subsurface fertigation (treatment 6) had similar effects on yield as did surface fertigation. Irrigation and fertilization had little affect on total N concentration in onion plants.