Effect Of Dimethyl Sulphoxide Research Articles

Antimicrobial action of essential oils: the effect of dimethylsulphoxide on the activity of cinnamon oil.

Fifty-one essential oils extracted from plants of known origin were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and four yeasts, Torulopsis utilis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the drop diffusion method. All showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the micro-organisms. Following this preliminary screening, 13 essential oils showing antimicrobial activity against at least five of the micro-organisms were tested in the range 50 micrograms ml-1 to 500 micrograms ml-1 using broth micro dilution techniques with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) as a dispersing solvent. The concentration of most of the oils required for total inhibition of growth was > 500 micrograms ml-1. Further studies on the antimicrobial action of cinnamon oil in the range 10-150 micrograms ml-1 showed that 50-fold higher activity was found when no dispersing solvent was used.

Synthesis and characterization of organotin complexes with 2-mercaptopyridine derivatives

By reaction of diphenyltin(IV) chloride and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide with esters of the 2-mercaptopyridine-5-carboxylic acid (OVERBAR)NH(CS)CHCHC(COOR)(/OVERBAR)CH (HTNME, R = methyl; HTNEE, R = ethyl; HTNIPE, R = isopropyl) the complexes Ph3Sn(L), Ph2SnCI(L) (L = TNME, TNEE and TNIPE) and Ph2Sn(TNEE)2 have been prepared and characterized by IR, NMR and Mossbauer spectroscopies. Moreover, the Ph2SnCl2/2-mercaptopyridine (HMP) system has been found to yield either the Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2 adduct or the Ph2SnCl(MP) complex. The structures of Ph2SnCl(TNEE) and Ph2SnCl(MP) have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies. The two structures are similar. Both ligands behave as bidentate chelating groups forming a four-membered ring with an identical small N(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)S bite angle of 63.7°. The tin atom is pentacoordinated, presenting a severely distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with apical Cl(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)N angles of 155.0(2)° [Ph2SnCl(TNEE)] and 155.7(7)° [Ph2SnCl(MP)] and equatorial C(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)C angles of 114.9(2)° and 125.0(3)° respectively. On the basis of 119Sn Mossbauer data, all the complexes should present analogous structures except Ph2Sn(TNEE)2 and Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2, for which an octahedral coordination geometry with a trans arrangement of the phenyl groups can be proposed. The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on Ph2SnCl(L) and Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2 is also discussed.

Synthesis and characterization of organotin complexes with 2-mercaptopyridine derivatives

By reaction of diphenyltin(IV) chloride and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide with esters of the 2-mercaptopyridine-5-carboxylic acid (OVERBAR)NH(CS)CHCHC(COOR)(/OVERBAR)CH (HTNME, R = methyl; HTNEE, R = ethyl; HTNIPE, R = isopropyl) the complexes Ph3Sn(L), Ph2SnCI(L) (L = TNME, TNEE and TNIPE) and Ph2Sn(TNEE)2 have been prepared and characterized by IR, NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Moreover, the Ph2SnCl2/2-mercaptopyridine (HMP) system has been found to yield either the Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2 adduct or the Ph2SnCl(MP) complex. The structures of Ph2SnCl(TNEE) and Ph2SnCl(MP) have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies. The two structures are similar. Both ligands behave as bidentate chelating groups forming a four-membered ring with an identical small N(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)S bite angle of 63.7°. The tin atom is pentacoordinated, presenting a severely distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with apical Cl(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)N angles of 155.0(2)° [Ph2SnCl(TNEE)] and 155.7(7)° [Ph2SnCl(MP)] and equatorial C(SINGLE BOND)Sn(SINGLE BOND)C angles of 114.9(2)° and 125.0(3)° respectively. On the basis of 119Sn Mössbauer data, all the complexes should present analogous structures except Ph2Sn(TNEE)2 and Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2, for which an octahedral coordination geometry with a trans arrangement of the phenyl groups can be proposed. The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on Ph2SnCl(L) and Ph2SnCl2(HMP)2 is also discussed.

Ca2+ signalling in K562 human erythroleukaemia cells: effect of dimethyl sulphoxide and role of G-proteins in thrombin- and thromboxane A2-activated pathways.

The human leukaemic cell line K562 is a pluripotent stem cell with the potential to mature along a megakaryocytic or erythroid line. In these cells, thrombin and U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9 alpha, 11 alpha-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2 alpha), a thromboxane A2 analogue, increased intracellular Ca2+ in a rapid and concentration-dependent manner. The peak transient observed with both thrombin and U46619 was preserved upon stimulation in the absence of extracellular calcium and blunted with phorbol myristate acetate, suggestive of activation of phospholipase C. Short-term treatment with leupeptin abolished the calcium response to thrombin, but did not alter that to U46619. Both pertussis toxin (PT) and DMSO pretreatment inhibited thrombin- but not U46619-stimulated intracellular calcium elevation, indicating that these agonists signal through different G-proteins. Western blot analysis of crude membranes from K562 cells revealed the presence of G12 alpha and G13 alpha; the other known PT-substrates, Gi1 alpha and G0 alpha, were not detected. Consistent with this observation, ADP-ribosylation experiments revealed the presence of two PT substrates which co-migrated with human erythrocyte G12 alpha and G13 alpha. An antibody raised against Gq/11 alpha, a subfamily of G-protein alpha subunits unmodified by PT, specifically recognized 42 kDa protein(s) in K562 cells. PCR amplification of reverse-transcribed K562 RNA followed by DNA sequencing showed that these cells express messages for both Gq alpha and G11 alpha. Treatment of K562 cells with DMSO reduced the levels of thrombin receptor mRNA, without simultaneous changes in the expression of G12 alpha and G13 alpha. We have thus identified Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists and related G-proteins in K562 cells, together with changes induced by DMSO in this signalling pathway.

Influence of dimethyl sulphoxide on intermediate filament proteins in human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines: modulation at subcellular level

The effects of dimethyl sulphoxide have been investigated on differentiation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines obtained from typically malignant, poorly differentiated tumours. The expression of cell differentiation marker proteins (desmin and vimentin) was assessed in cell lines A-204, A-673 and RD, and the modifications in expression after 3, 8 and 24 h of induction with 1.25% dimethyl sulphoxide were recorded. Protein expression in both the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton was significantly altered by treatments lasting 8 and 24 h, the most noteworthy changes being increased desmin and decreased vimentin expression. The results clearly indicate that dimethyl sulphoxide induced changes typical of differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines A-673 and RD; less marked changes were observed in line A-204.

Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Some Multicycles Compounds with Nitrogen Atoms on Calf Thymus DNA

Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Some Multicycles Compounds with Nitrogen Atoms on Calf Thymus DNA

Completion of first meiosis by sperm penetration in vitro of bovine oocytes inhibited at metaphase-I with dimethylsulphoxide

The effects of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) on immature oocytes during maturation in culture and following penetration by spermatozoa were examined. Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was observed in all oocytes cultured in the maturation medium supplemented with 2, 4 and 8% DMSO. When the oocytes were cultured in medium with 8% DMSO, 95% (57 60 ) of them were inhibited at prometaphase-I. Cumulus cells were significantly (P<0.05) beneficial for resumption of oocyte nuclear maturation during further culture in the maturation medium for 4, 8 and 24 h after DMSO treatment. When the oocytes were additionally cultured for 4 and 8 h in the maturation medium after DMSO treatment, the proportions of oocytes reaching metaphase-II were significantly (P<0.05) higher in those cultured with spermatozoa than without (68 vs 49% and 84 vs 56%, respectively). These results indicate that 8% DMSO does not affect GVBD of oocytes, but conversely it inhibits oocytes at prometaphase-I, and that cumulus cells are important for recovery from DMSO inhibition and for the resumption of nuclear maturation of oocytes. Sperm penetration was also found to stimulate the completion of meiotic maturation of oocytes inhibited at metaphase-I with 8% DMSO.

Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Some Multivycles Compounds with Nitrogen Atoms on Calf Thymus DNA

Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Some Multivycles Compounds with Nitrogen Atoms on Calf Thymus DNA

Inhibition of distinct steps in the adipocyte differentiation pathway in 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)

The process of adipocyte differentiation in murine 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells involves three well-defined steps: 1 predifferentiation growth arrest; 2 non-terminal (reversible) differentiation and 3 terminal differentiation associated with the irreversible loss of proliferative potential. To further investigate these processes, the effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), an agent that affects differentiation in several other cell systems, was tested. The results show that DMSO modulates two distinct steps of adipocyte differentiation. The first effect is evident when growing 3T3 T cells are cultured in differentiation-inducing medium in the presence of DMSO. Therein the expression of adipocyte phenotype is inhibited because the cells fail to growth-arrest at the predifferentiation growth arrest state. Instead in the presence of DMSO, cells growth-arrest at a biological state that does not support differentiation. The second effect is evident if nonterminally differentiated adipocytes are cultured in terminal differentiation-inducing medium containing DMSO. Therein the terminal step in differentiation is inhibited. These inhibitory effects occur in a dosage-dependent manner; maximum inhibition of differentiation requires 2% DMSO. Therefore, whereas DMSO typically promotes differentiation in other cell systems, DMSO inhibits multiple steps in the process of adipocyte differentiation. These observations support the conclusion that a single pharmacological agent can have markedly different effects on specific cell types. Even more important, the data establish that DMSO can now be used as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the multistep process of adipocyte differentiation.

The effects of dimethylsulphoxide and 5-aminolaevulinic acid on the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxidase and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities in human Hep G2 hepatoma cells

The effects of dimethylsulphoxide and 5-aminolaevulinic acid on the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxidase and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities in human Hep G2 hepatoma cells

Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide and some antibiotics on cultured human T-lymphoma cells as measured by microcalorimetry

The influence of dimethyl sulphoxide (I), penicillin/streptomycin (II), gentamicin (III), and amphotericin B (IV) on growing human T-lymphoma cells was measured by microcalorimetry. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the heat production rate of the cells after 24 h of incubation with I in concentrations ranging from 0-2% (v/v). At 3.6%, about half of the cells died. II and III had no effect on the cells after incubation for 6 days, at concentrations from 1 to 10 times that of the normal (50-500 IU/ml; 50-500 micrograms/ml). IV was used in combination with II (50 IU/ml; 50 micrograms/ml) and III (50 micrograms/ml), respectively, at concentrations between 0.25 and 7.5 micrograms/ml. After 6 days of incubation, the results were similar to those obtained with II and III separately.

Dimethylsulphoxide affects the organisation of microfilaments in the mouse oocyte

The effect of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) on microfilament organisation has been studied in the mouse oocyte after staining with (NBD)-phallacidin. The cortical actin meshwork was disrupted by exposure of oocytes to 1.5 M DMSO at 37 degrees C, and this disruption was associated with changes in the cell surface, especially microvilli length and distribution, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The irregular distribution of actin filaments observed also appears to lead to an irregular expansion of the cell after DMSO removal. However, when exposure to DMSO was combined with cooling, the effects on the microfilament system were much reduced. The reversibility of DMSO action is considered and the potential implications of microfilament disruption on the viability and functions of the oocyte discussed.

In vivo and in vitro effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on lichen amyloidosus

In vivo and in vitro effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on lichen amyloidosus

Effects of dimethylsulphoxide on phase I and II biotransformation in cultured rat hepatocytes

Addition of 2% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to the medium has been described to retain biochemical and morphological differentiation of cultured rat hepatocytes. The maintenance of differentiated hepatocytes for a long time with stable phase I and II biotransformation capacities provides an important model for pharmacological and toxicological studies. This work has been undertaken to study the effects of DMSO on phase I and II parameters in cultured hepatocytes. For phase I cytochrome P-450 content, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities and for phase II glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and its isoenzyme profile have been measured. In control cells cytochrome P-450 content and the enzymic activities measured declined as a function of culture time. Addition of DMSO partially prevented the loss of all parameters measured. The changes in GST activity were related to changes in its isoenzyme pattern. In control cells subunits 1 and 2 decreased, 3 and 4 increased and de novo expression of 7 was observed. When DMSO was added, the subunit profile better resembled that observed in vivo and the expression of subunit 7 was suppressed. In conclusion DMSO protects cultured hepatocytes from dedifferentiation and stabilizes the cells.

Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on the synthesis of plasma proteins in the human hepatoma HepG2. Induction of an acute-phase-like reaction

Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) on the synthesis of plasma proteins by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 were examined. Me2SO treatment resulted in decreased synthesis of albumin and alpha-fetoprotein, and in increased synthesis of haptoglobin. Plasma-protein profiles induced by Me2SO treatment were very similar to those seen in acute-phase reactions.

The inhibitory effect of some surface active organic compounds on the electrooxidation of strongly adsorbed species derived from HCOOH on polycrystalline platinum

The effect of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (AN) and acetone (AC) on the adsorption and oxidation of formic acid on platinum electrodes was studied using radiometric and potentiodynamic methods. It was found that formic acid is not adsorbed on the electrode surface previously covered with DMSO, AN or AC. The oxidation of chemisorbed species derived from HCOOH in the presence of DMSO and AN is inhibited because of lowering of the surface concentration of adsorbed water which is an oxidant in the process. The catalytic effect of acetonitrile on the direct oxidation of formic acid on the platinum electrode was higher on smooth than on rough surfaces. The effect was not observed in the presence of DMSO and AC.

The inhibitory effect of some surface active organic compounds on the electrooxidation of strongly adsorbed species derived from HCOOH on polycrystalline platinum

The effect of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (AN) and acetone (AC) on the adsorption and oxidation of formic acid on platinum electrodes was studied using radiometric and potentiodynamic methods. It was found that formic acid is not adsorbed on the electrode surface previously covered with DMSO, AN or AC. The oxidation of chemisorbed species derived from HCOOH in the presence of DMSO and AN is inhibited because of lowering of the surface concentration of adsorbed water which is an oxidant in the process. The catalytic effect of acetonitrile on the direct oxidation of formic acid on the platinum electrode was higher on smooth than on rough surfaces. The effect was not observed in the presence of DMSO and AC.

Dimethyl sulphoxide protects cells against polypeptide toxins and poliovirus.

The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide and other cryoprotective compounds on the sensitivity of cells to polypeptide toxins and to poliovirus was tested. In the presence of these compounds, which all affect membrane fluidity, the cells were protected against the toxic proteins and against poliovirus. The large protection obtained was not due to reduced binding and endocytosis of the toxins. Apparently, the cryoprotective compounds interfere with the entry of toxins and of the poliovirus genome across the cell membrane.

Influence of dimethylsulphoxide on the functional state of isolated rat hepatocytes

1. 1. The effect of dimethylsulphoxide upon respiration, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. 2. 2. The results show that the glycolysis pathway is strongly inhibited by the action of dimethylsulphoxide in the hepatocytes, with increased glucose uptake and reduced net flux. 3. 3. However, the alterations in respiration and the gluconeogenesis pathway are less pronounced, the only significant change being an increase in respiratory activity during the first 10 min of incubation with dimethylsulphoxide.

Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on ATP content and protein synthesis in Tetrahymena.

The content of ATP in cells exposed for 1 hour to 2.5% and 7.5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was 90% and about 80%, respectively, of that in control cells. This difference of about 10% in the ATP content cannot explain the previously reported cessation of food vacuole formation in 7.5% DMSO and the uninhibited function in 2.5% DMSO (Nilsson 1974). However, DMSO had a dose-dependent effect on the rate of turnover of ATP in cell extracts, thus the amount of ATP expended per unit time in 7.5% DMSO is only 60% of that expended by extracts of control cells. The rate of protein synthesis was studied by electron microscope autoradiography which revealed considerably less labelled material in DMSO-treated cells than in control cells. Semi-quantitative estimates showed that cells in 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% DMSO had a rate of incorporation of the labelled amino acid corresponding to 38%, 31%, and 51%, respectively, of that of control cells; the seemingly high rate of incorporation in 7.5% DMSO may reflect a low internal pool of amino acids in these cells. An additional fine structural detail is the induction of intranuclear fibrous bundles in all concentrations of DMSO. The findings are in accord with a random interference of DMSO, presumably by inducing conformational changes in some macromolecules which affect their cellular function.