Effect Of Different Toothpastes Research Articles

Effects of different toothpastes against erosive tooth wear of enamel and dentine in vitro

BackgroundThe increase in the prevalence of erosion lesions worldwide has led researchers to develop effective toothpastes with different ingredients to prevent erosion that can protect the tooth surface against acid attacks. There remains a lack of consensus in the literature regarding which toothpaste formulation exhibits the most effective preventive action against erosive tooth wear, highlighting the necessity for further investigation in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of brushing with toothpastes with different ingredients on enamel and dentine erosion.MethodsThe crowns and roots of ninety recently extracted bovine incisors were seperated and ground flat to obtain enamel and dentine surfaces. The obtained specimens were then divided into six groups: Curaprox Enzycal Zero Flouride (fluoride-free), Colgate Total 12 (1450 ppm NaF), Splat Biocalcium (fluoride-free and Nano-HAP), Colgate ProRelief (1450 ppm NaF and arginine), Sensodyne Repair and Protection (1450 ppm NaF and novamin), Opalescence Whitening (1100 ppm NaF). The specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 2 min and in an artificial saliva for 60 min 4 times a day for 5 days. Brushing was performed with the aid of a charged toothbrush immediately after the first and last erosive attacks. Initial and final surface roughness (at the end of fifth day) were measured using a 3D profilometer. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare initial and final roughness values (p < 0.05).ResultsOpalescence Whitening and Curaprox Enzycal Zero Fluoride significantly increased both enamel and dentine surface roughness compared to baseline, demonstrating rougher surfaces than all other groups except Colgate ProRelief (p < 0.001). Sensodyne Repair and Protection and Colgate Total 12 resulted in the smoothest enamel and dentine surfaces, respectively. The increase in surface roughness was significantly higher for enamel samples compared to dentine samples in the Opalescence Whitening group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWhitening toothpastes may exacerbate dental erosion by increasing surface roughness. The protective properties of fluoride-free toothpastes vary depending on their active ingredient.

Evaluation of the effect of different toothpastes on the frictional resistance of aesthetic archwires: an in vitro study

there has been a trend for using aesthetic orthodontic treatment by many patients recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the brushing effect of three brands of toothpaste on the frictional resistance of two brands of aesthetic archwires (in wet conditions). in this study, two brands of fully coated aesthetic archwires, Teflon-coated and Epoxy-coated archwires, were utilized in the study. Forty segments from the straight ends of each archwire were cut (total of 80 wires), inserted into ceramic brackets and ligated with the conventional figure "O" elastomeric ligatures (bonded on CNC blocks). Every ten pieces for each type of aesthetic archwire were brushed for one minute daily for thirty days with three types of toothpaste (Ortho. Kin, GUMOrtho and LACALUT White &amp; Repair) and distilled water (except ten pieces for each type of aesthetic archwire were brushed only with distilled water and without toothpaste). These CNC blocks were tested using an Instron Tinius Olsen machine with distilled water. The tests used for statistical analysis were an Independent t-test and an ANOVA test at a 0.05 level of significance. The study showed no significant difference in static and kinetic frictional resistance between the coated archwire and the kinds of toothpaste. The orthodontists can use either Epoxy or Teflon-coated archwires for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (working stage) who are using either type of toothpaste (Ortho. Kin, GUMOrtho or LACALUT White &amp; Repair) for maintenance of oral hygiene. Keywords: Aesthetic archwires, Friction, Toothpaste

Effects of Different Toothpastes on the Nanomechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Composite Resin Restorations.

This study evaluates the effects of different toothpastes on the nanohardness and chemical compositions of restorative materials and dental surfaces. Bovine enamel (n = 72) and dentin (n = 72) blocks were obtained and restored using RMGIC (n = 36) or CR (n = 36) to create the following surfaces: dentin adjacent to RMGIC (DRMGIC), enamel adjacent to RMGIC (ERMGIC), dentin adjacent to CR (DCR), and enamel adjacent to CR (ECR). After restoration, one hemiface of each specimen was coated with an acid-resistant varnish to facilitate the creation of control (C) and eroded (E) sides; the latter were achieved by erosion-abrasion cycles as follows: erosion with 1% citric acid: 5 days, four times for 2 min each day; 1% citric acid/abrasion, two times for 15 s, followed by immersion in a toothpaste slurry for 2 min. Toothpastes without fluoride (WF; n = 12), with sodium fluoride (NaF; n = 12), and with stannous fluoride (SnF2; n = 12) were used for RMGIC or CR. The specimens were analyzed for nanohardness (H), and chemical composition using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Lower H values were obtained with NaF for DRMGIC-C, with a statistically significant difference from the H value obtained with WF (p < 0.05). The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in DCR-E were significantly lower with WF than with the other types of toothpaste (p < 0.05). Fluoride-containing toothpastes are capable of preserving the main chemical components of the dentin adjacent to the restorative materials under erosive-abrasive conditions.

The effect of different concentrations of fluoride in toothpastes with or without bioactive glass on artificial root caries

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different toothpastes either containing 5,000ppm-F, 1,450ppm-F or bioactive glass (BG) with 540ppm-F on artificial root carious lesions (ARCLs). MethodThe crowns of 23 extracted sound teeth were removed leaving their roots only. Subsequently, each root was divided into four parts. A total of 15 sound root dentine (SRD) was left untreated as baseline. The ARCLs were developed for the remaining roots using demineralisation solution (pH-4.8). 15-ARCLs samples were then left untreated. The rest of samples were divided into four groups (n = 15 each) and treated with Group-1(BG with 540ppm-F); Group-2(5000ppm-F); Group-3(1450ppm-F) and Group-4(deionised water). 13-day pH-cycling included using demineralisation solution for 6 h, then placing samples into remineralisation solution (pH-7) for 16 h. Each sample was brushed with the assigned toothpaste twice a day during pH-cycling. Fluoride concentrations at each time point were measured using F-ISE, whilst calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (P) ion release was determined using ICP-OES, KHN, XRD, 19F-MAS-NMR analyses. ResultsKHN showed significant surface changes for each group (p<0.001). The uptake of Ca2+ occurred at days 1–2, phosphorus ion loss was high when compared to the uptake in all groups. XRD showed presence of sharp diffraction lines evidencing apatite formation for Groups 1–3. 19F-MAS-NMR confirmed fluorapatite presence in Groups 1–3. ConclusionAll toothpastes were promising in fluorapatite formation. BG with 540ppm-F toothpaste released more ions (Ca2+and P) and reharden the artificial root carious lesions when compared to other groups. However, 1450ppm-F toothpaste showed more fluoride-substituted apatite formation whilst 5000ppm-F toothpaste had more fluorapatite formation. Clinical significanceToothpaste containing BG with 540ppm-F, 5000ppm-F and 1450ppm-F toothpastes are likely to have a significant impact in reversing and arresting root caries. However, randomised controlled double-blinded clinical trials are required to translate these results into clinical practice.

Effects of different toothpastes on the color and whiteness of stained anterior composite resin

To evaluate changes in the color of an anterior nanohybrid composite resin and differences in its whitening index after 30 days of brushing with six brands of whitening toothpaste in vitro to simulate the situation in individuals with high coffee consumption. Eighty-four disk-shaped resin specimens were prepared (shade A2). For initial staining, the samples were immersed in coffee solution for 14 days and then divided into eight groups for treatment with various toothpastes. Color was assessed at the baseline, after initial staining, and on days 7, 14, and 30 of the staining-and-brushing cycle. Color stability was evaluated based on the CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00), and differences in whiteness were determined using the whitening index for dentistry (WID). The highest ΔE00 and ΔWID values were obtained with Colgate Herbal, followed by Opalescence Whitening and Crest Baking Soda and Peroxide, whereas the lowest values were obtained with distilled water, followed by Yotuel Pharma B5, on day 30 of the staining-and-brushing cycle. In terms of improving the color and whiteness of coffee-stained anterior nanohybrid composite resin, Colgate Herbal, Opalescence Whitening, and Crest Baking Soda and Peroxide yielded promising results after 30 days of continuous use.

Effect of different toothpastes on permeability and roughness of eroded dentin.

the aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness, tubule occlusion, and permeability of eroded dentin brushed with different toothpastes. ninety bovine teeth were cut into blocks. Thirty hemifaces were protected with varnish and the other sixty were submitted to permeability tests. Specimens were divided into groups according to the dentifrices: without fluoride (WF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and stannous fluoride (SnF2). The blocks were subjected to a 5-day erosive-abrasive protocol. Surface roughness and dentinal tubule occlusion (n=10) were assessed for both control and test hemifaces of the same sample along with permeability analysis (n=20). Two-way RM ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed (p≤0.05). NaF and SnF2 presented higher roughness than WF. The number of open tubules was higher in WF. Permeability was higher in SnF2, but there was no significant difference between WF and NaF. both fluoride toothpastes occluded dentinal tubules and increased roughness. NaF toothpaste promoted greater decrease in dentin permeability.

Investigation of The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Different Toothpastes: In-Vivo Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical, antibacterial and microbiological effects of the non-fluoride and fluoride toothpastes. Materials and Methods: In this study eighty children (3 to 12 years old) were divided into four groups and followed for four weeks. First and second groups (40 children, 6-12 years) used different fluoride toothpastes; third and fourth groups (40 children, 3-5 years) used nonfluoride toothpastes. The halitosis score, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, buffering capacities, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast counts were recorded on 1st day, 7th day, 15th day and 30th day. First and second group; third and fourth group were compared with each other. Data were analyzed statistically by using Mann Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon Sign Test, Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Test and Mc Nemar Test with a significance level of p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: Statistically significant association was not found in the mean scores of halitosis, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index, buffering capacity, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast (p&amp;gt;0.05), between groups on first day. All four toothpastes produced statistically significant reductions from 1st day to 30th days in scores of halitosis, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and buffering capacity (p&amp;lt;0.01; p&amp;lt;0.05), within groups. Statistically significant reductions was found according to in Mutans Streptococci, counts from 1st day to 30th day for group 1, 2 and 3 (p&amp;lt;0.05); but was not found statistically significant changes in group 4 on the 30th days(p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: All tested toothpastes proved to be safe and significantly effective clinical and microbiological features.

Determination of oral malodor awareness by applying a questionnaire and evaluation of the effect of different toothpastes on the oral malodor by halimeter

Amaç: Halitozis, her yaştan bireyleri etkileyebilen yaygın bir problemdir. Bu çalışmayla ağız kokusu farkındalığını anket ve halimeter ölçümlerini birlikte değerlendirerek tespit etmeyi ve farklı etken madde içeren diş macunlarının ağız kokusu üzerine etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 1-2 ve 3. sınıftan toplam 308 öğrenci dahil edildi. Çalışma öncesi tüm hastalardan sözlü ve yazılı onamları alındı. Anket sonrası farklı derecede ağız kokusuna sahip olduğunu düşünen 100 birey iki eşit gruba ayrıldı. Etken maddesi çinko ve kalay olan iki diş macunu grubu ellişer bireyden oluştu. Bu bireylerden başlangıç (t1), bir ay sonra (t2) ve üç ay sonra (t3) olmak üzere üç kez periodontal ölçümler ve ağız kokusu ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Ağız kokusunun belirlenmesinde organoleptik yöntem ve portatif sülfür monitörü (Halimeter®)kullanıldı. Elde edilen tüm veriler istatistiksel yöntemlerle incelendi. Bulgular: Ağız kokusunun var olduğunu düşünen ve hissedilen ağız kokusu seviyesini 0-5 arasında derecelendiren hastalarda, organoleptik skorlar (OLS) ve halimeter değerleri (HMD) anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p&amp;lt;0,001). Ağız kuruluğu olan hastalarda OLS ve HMD daha yüksek bulundu (p&amp;lt;0,05). Ağız solunumu yapan hastalarda HMD yüksek bulundu (p&amp;lt;0,05). DMFT ile OLS ve HMD arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p&amp;lt;0,001). Farklı macun kullanan iki test grubundan elde edilen indeksler ve ağız kokusu ölçümleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p&amp;gt;0,05). Sonuç: Çalışma grubumuzun ağız kokusu farkındalıkları yüksek bulundu. Çinko ve kalay içeren diş macunları ağız kokusu seviyelerini azaltmada etkili olduğu istatistiksel olarak biri diğerine göre daha üstün bulunamadı.

Effects of different toothpastes on the prevention of erosion in composite resin and glass ionomer cement enamel and dentin restorations.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpastes on the surface wear of enamel, dentin, composite resin (CR), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and to perform a topographic analysis of the surfaces, based on representative images generated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after erosion-abrasion cycles.Methodology One hundred and forty bovine incisors were collected and divided into two groups: 72 enamel and 72 dentin blocks (4×4 mm). Half of the specimens were restored with CR (Filtek Z350 XT) and the other half with RMGIC (Fuji II LC). Then, samples were submitted to a demineralization cycle (5 days, 4×2 min/day, 1% citric acid, pH 3.2) and exposed to three different toothpastes (2×15 s/day): without fluoride (WF, n=12), sodium fluoride-based (NaF, n=12), and stannous fluoride-based (SnF2, n=12). Surface wear, as well as restoration interfaces wear, were investigated by profilometry of the dental substrates and restorative materials. All representative surfaces underwent AFM analysis. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05).Results NaF-based toothpaste caused the greater dentin surface wear (p<0.05). Toothpastes affected only enamel-restoration interfaces. AFM analysis showed precipitate formation in dentinal tubules caused by the use of fluoride toothpastes.Conclusions NaF-based toothpastes had no protective effect on enamel adjacent to CR and RMGIC against erosion-abrasion challenges, nor on dentin adjacent to RMGIC material. SnF2-based toothpastes caused more damage to interfaces between enamel and RMGIC.

Inhibition Effects of Different Toothpastes on Demineralisation of Incipient Enamel Lesions.

To evaluate the inhibitory effects of different toothpastes on demineralisation of incipient enamel lesions using a toothbrush simulator. Fifty enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human molars. The specimens were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10/group): 1. no treatment (control); 2. toothpaste containing arginine (ProRelief, Colgate;); 3. fluoride toothpaste (Pronamel, Sensodyne GlaxoSmithKlein); 4. tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (Recaldent, GC); 5. toothpaste (Restore, Dr. Collins) containing bioactive glass (NovaMin, GlaxoSmithKlein). All specimens were exposed to pH cycling. The remineralising agents were applied to the samples with a toothbrush simulator for 2 min twice a day for five days. The weight percentage of mineral changes for the elements calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and silica (Si) were measured by SEM energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). SEM revealed properties of treated enamel surfaces. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Statistically significantly higher levels of Ca and P were found in all groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). The toothpastes' efficacy of inhibiting demineralisation depended on the active ingredients in the respective toothpaste. The demineralisation inhibition efficacy of the tested toothpastes depended on the active ingredients in the toothpaste.

Do fluoride toothpastes have similar preventive effect in permanent and primary teeth against erosive tooth wear?

Little is known about fluoride toothpastes effect on primary teeth submitted to erosive tooth wear. To evaluate the preventive effect of different toothpastes on surface loss (SL) after severe erosion/abrasion model and to compare this effect between permanent (PT) and primary teeth (pt). Enamel samples were randomly divided according toothpastes groups (n=17). G1: placebo; G2: NaF; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion; G4: SnF2 ; and G5: NaF anti-erosion for children. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva (1hour), submitted to erosive challenge (3minutes; 1% citric acid; pH3.6; at 25°C) and to toothbrush abrasion (2minutes slurry immersion; 50 strokes; 200g) during 30 cycles. Surface loss (μm; mean±SD) was quantified by contactless profilometry. The effects of the two covariables "tooth" and "toothpaste" were analysed by non-parametric ANOVA, variables with significant effects were tested by Wilcoxon tests. pt showed significantly higher surface loss than PT in all groups (P<0.001). The mean values of SL of each group were: G1 PT 18.18(±3.98), pt 25.65(±9.21); G2 PT 14.76(±2.82), pt 18.11(±3.92); G3 PT 12.62(±5.29), pt 15.61(±6.70); G4 PT 17.12(±2.24), pt 23.41(±7.9); G5 PT 13.24(±1.29), pt 18.28(±8.96). In permanent teeth, G3 showed the best preventive effect. In primary teeth, G1, G3, and G5 showed similar effect.

Efficacy of toothpastes in the prevention of erosive tooth wear in permanent and deciduous teeth

To evaluate the erosive preventive effect of toothpastes in permanent (PT) and deciduous teeth (dt). Enamel samples were divided into five groups (n= 20): G1: placebo toothpaste; G2: NaF toothpaste; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion toothpaste; G4: SnF2-toothpaste; and G5: NaF anti-erosion toothpaste for children. The samples were exposed to five erosion-abrasion cycles (artificial saliva incubation; 3min in 1% citric acid; 2min in slurry, toothbrush abrasion, 50 strokes, 200g). Surface microhardness (SMH), surface specular reflection intensity (SRI), and cumulative surface loss (CSL) were measured. Comparisons among toothpastes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests and comparisons between PT and dt were evaluated using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. G1 exhibited significantly lower SMH values in PT than the other toothpastes (p< 0.05), with no significant differences among the others groups. In dt, G1 and G4 exhibited significantly different values than the other groups (p< 0.05). G4 exhibited lower values of SRI in both types of teeth. Deciduous teeth presented significantly higher SRI than PT (p< 0.05), except for G3. Deciduous teeth generally presented higher CSL than PT, except for G3. Deciduous teeth were more prone to mineral loss than permanent teeth. G5 exhibited better efficacy for both teeth, while G3 exhibited a better preventive effect only for deciduous teeth. Erosive tooth wear prevalence in children is growing and deciduous teeth are more susceptible than permanent teeth. Considering this, it is important to know the preventive effect of different toothpastes in an initial erosion-abrasion model.

Preventive effect of different toothpastes on enamel erosion: AFM and SEM studies

The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of new formulation toothpastes on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola), using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty enamel specimens were assigned to 10 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: intact enamel, 2: enamel + soft drink, 3: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 4: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 5: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, 6: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, group 7: intact enamel + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 8: dentin + soft drink + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 9: intact dentin + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 10: dentin + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and SEM. The root mean-square roughness (Rrms ) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test. Comparing groups 4, 6, 8, 10 (soft drink + toothpastes) Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief promoted enamel remineralization, while BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, Biorepair Plus-Total Protection and Sensodyne Repair & Protect provided lower effectiveness in protecting enamel against erosion. the use of new formulation toothpastes can prevent enamel demineralization.