Effects Of Different Strategies Research Articles

Teaching English to Young Learners: A Literature Review

This study aimed to identify age-appropriate materials for teaching English to young students, explore engaging teaching methods that promote active participation and language acquisition, and investigate the importance of creating a supportive learning environment for young students. This research uses a library research method, which involves identifying and locating sources of factual information or personal or expert opinion on a research question. This method was chosen in this study because of its performance-enhancing properties. Therefore, this study requires strong theoretical and experimental evidence to support its argument. Research findings on age-appropriate English teaching materials for young students highlight the effectiveness of different strategies. Research highlights the importance of visual and interactive materials, storybooks, songs and hymns, games, and technology integration to engage younger students. These methods not only capture students' attention but also promote language skills, comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. In addition, establishing a positive and supportive atmosphere, clear expectations and routines, supportive teacher-student relationships, collaborative learning, and a safe communication environment are among them. elements necessary to promote optimal learning. The importance of creating positive teacher-student relationships cannot be overstated, as these relationships form the basis of a confident and nurturing classroom atmosphere. In addition, the study highlights the value of differentiated teaching methods that are tailored to young learners' diverse learning styles, language levels, and interests. By tailoring instruction to individual needs, teachers can ensure that all students feel respected and supported on their language learning journey.

Response- and probability-based evaluation of spectrally matched ground motion selection strategies for bi-directional dynamic analysis of low- to mid-rise RC buildings

In this study, the effect of different strategies which consider various levels of constraints for spectrally matched ground motion (GM) selection on seismic responses of the buildings was evaluated. For this, six different three-dimensional buildings and three different local soil classes were considered. Various GM record sets were used for each strategy and local soil class pair to perform bi-directional nonlinear dynamic analyses of the buildings and maximum global and maximum inter-story drift ratio demands were obtained. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed strategies, the mean and dispersion of the demands were investigated. Then, the differences among the means of the seismic demands obtained for the strategies were evaluated using the analysis of variance method. Moreover, probability curves of the demands were constructed and compared. The results indicate that i) the mean of the demands generally used for code-based performance assessment can be estimated more consistently by the proposed strategies; ii) the supplemental constraints about spectral matching allow to control the dispersion of the spectral acceleration values of selected GMs and hence the dispersion of the demands; iii) using the appropriate one of the proposed strategies, GMs with desired dispersion of spectral accelerations can be acquired for probability-based performance assessment.

Leadership and change management in the transition to online curriculum delivery in Malaysia: a comparative case study

PurposeThis research aims to investigate the leadership strategies employed by two higher education institutions in Malaysia as they navigated the shift to online delivery of their computer science programs in response to the demands of Education 4.0.Design/methodology/approachA phenomenological, comparative case study approach was used to delve into the leadership and management practices of these institutions during the transition to online learning. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis.FindingsThis study explores the leadership strategies employed by two higher education institutions in Malaysia during their transition to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Five key themes emerged from the data: leadership and team coordination, training and skill development, adaptation to new assessment methods, resource management and work culture and environment. Both institutions demonstrated effective leadership, continuous training and adaptability in assessment methods. However, differences were noted in resource management and work culture. Institution A's leader had to liaise with various departments and personally invest in equipment, while Institution B was already well-equipped. The work culture at Institution A demonstrated flexibility and mutual understanding, while Institution B used key performance indicators to measure progress. Despite these differences, both leaders successfully managed the shift to online teaching, underscoring the importance of effective leadership, continuous training, flexibility, resource management and a supportive work culture in managing change. The study also highlighted the distinct roles of curriculum leaders in both institutions, with Institution A's leader focusing on multiple activities, while Institution B's leader was able to focus solely on curriculum change due to their institution's preparedness.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a rich, qualitative exploration of the strategies and challenges faced by program leaders in managing the shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research could build on these findings by conducting similar studies in other educational contexts or countries to compare and contrast the strategies and challenges faced by program leaders. Additionally, future research could also employ quantitative methods to measure the effectiveness of different strategies in managing the shift to online teaching. This could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to successful change management in educational institutions.Practical implicationsThis study provides valuable insights for program leaders, educators and policymakers in managing change in educational institutions. The themes identified in this study – effective leadership, continuous training and skill development, flexibility in adapting to new assessment methods, effective resource management and a supportive work culture and environment – can serve as a guide for program leaders in managing future changes in their institutions. Moreover, the strategies employed by the program leaders in this study, such as forming a powerful coalition, providing training on online tools and prioritizing student welfare, can be adopted or adapted by other program leaders in managing change.Originality/valueThis study presents a unique contribution to the existing literature by offering a comparative analysis of change management strategies in two distinct educational institutions during the shift to online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It uncovers the nuanced differences in leadership styles, resource management and pedagogical adaptations, providing a rich, context-specific understanding of the change process. The study fills a research gap by examining the practical application of Kotter's 8-Step Change Model and the McKinsey 7S Model in real-world educational settings. The findings offer valuable insights for other institutions navigating similar changes, thereby extending the practical and theoretical understanding of change management in higher education.

Development of a Machine Learning Framework Based on Occupant-Related Parameters to Predict Residential Electricity Consumption in the Hot and Humid Climate

Occupant-related variables constitute one of the most significant groups of factors influencing residential building energy consumption. However, prediction methods often oversimplify these parameters, leading to substantial discrepancies between predicted and actual consumption. To address this issue, the present study aims to develop a machine learning framework for predicting electricity consumption in residential buildings based on occupant-related factors. The study incorporates twenty-six inputs, including occupant characteristics such as demographics, occupancy, behavior, and behavioral efficiency, two time-related factors, and three extra parameters related to equipment (refrigerator age, hot water source, and type of electricity meter) for training and testing the Random Forest (RF) algorithm in both regression and classification forms. The results indicate that the trained RF regressor exhibits well performance (R2Train = 0.989, R2Test = 0.916, MAETrain = 0.81, MAETest = 2.21, RMSETrain = 1.27, and RMSETest = 3.45). Furthermore, feature importance analysis reveals that the most significant parameter is the time of year, representing weather conditions, followed by the number of occupants, neighborhood, indoor set-point range, mean age of occupants, window opening, and cooling system mode. Even after removing the least impactful factors, the model maintains strong performance with the 16 most important variables (R2Train = 0.986, R2Test = 0.910, MAETrain = 0.83, MAETest = 2.25, RMSETrain = 1.31, and RMSETest = 3.49). Additionally, the RF classifier is designed for problems with 2, 4, 6, and 8 classes based on energy consumption ranges. The results of this model demonstrate that the 2-class model achieves the highest performance (AccuracyTest = 0.963, MAETest = 0.04, and RMSETest = 0.19). However, it lacks detailed categorization of homes based on electricity consumption. On the other hand, the 4-class and 6-class models strike a good balance between prediction performance and the level of detail. In conclusion, the proposed method can accurately predict residential electricity consumption and can serve as a valuable reference for researchers and utility managers when formulating energy reduction policies and comparing the effectiveness of different strategies.

Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in the fed-batch bioreactor production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Bacillus megaterium using different carbon sources.

This study investigates the effects of different strategies on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-P(3HB) production in a fed-batch bioreactor by Bacillus megaterium using candy industry effluent (CIE), sucrose, and rice parboiled water (RPW) as carbon sources. In biosynthesis, kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of substrate conversion into products and/or cells, productivity, instantaneous, and specific conversion rates were evaluated. The maximum concentration of P(3HB) was 4.00g.L-1 (77% of the total dry mass) in 42h of cultivation in minimal medium/RPW added with a carbon source based on CIE, demonstrating that the fed-batch provided an increase of approximately 22% in the polymer concentration and 32% in the overall productivity in relation to medium based on commercial sucrose. Fed-batch cultivation also had the advantage of avoiding the extra time required for inoculum preparation and sterilization of the bioreactor during the batch, which thereby increased the overall industrial importance of the process. Effluents from the candy, confectionery, and/or rice parboiling industries can be used as alternative substrates for P(3HB) production at a low cost.

Enhancing attention in autism spectrum disorder: comparative analysis of virtual reality-based training programs using physiological data

BackgroundThe ability to maintain attention is crucial for achieving success in various aspects of life, including academic pursuits, career advancement, and social interactions. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a common symptom associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which can pose challenges for individuals affected by it, impacting their social interactions and learning abilities. To address this issue, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for attention training with the ability to create personalized virtual worlds, providing a conducive platform for attention-focused interventions. Furthermore, leveraging physiological data can be instrumental in the development and enhancement of attention-training techniques for individuals.MethodsIn our preliminary study, a functional prototype for attention therapy systems was developed. In the current phase, the objective is to create a framework called VR-PDA (Virtual Reality Physiological Data Analysis) that utilizes physiological data for tracking and improving attention in individuals. Four distinct training strategies such as noise, score, object opacity, and red vignette are implemented in this framework. The primary goal is to leverage virtual reality technology and physiological data analysis to enhance attentional capabilities.ResultsOur data analysis results revealed that reinforcement training strategies are crucial for improving attention in individuals with ASD, while they are not significant for non-autistic individuals. Among all the different strategies employed, the noise strategy demonstrates superior efficacy in training attention among individuals with ASD. On the other hand, for Non-ASD individuals, no specific training proves to be effective in enhancing attention. The total gazing time feature exhibited benefits for participants with and without ASD.DiscussionThe results consistently demonstrated favorable outcomes for both groups, indicating an enhanced level of attentiveness. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different strategies for attention training and emphasize the potential of virtual reality (VR) and physiological data in attention training programs for individuals with ASD. The results of this study open up new avenues for further research and inspire future developments.

Calcium fertilization strategy to improve production and quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango in semi-arid conditions

ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for the development of mango plants. New technologies are emerging in the market to assist the production process, such as organic acids and amino acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different strategies of Ca fertilization on the production and physical-chemical quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango grown under Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The experiment was carried out in two commercial mango orchards, following a randomized block design, with four replications and four plants per block. The factorial design was composed by three formulations of Ca-based products and three forms of application. Fruit were harvested at the physiological maturity to determine yield and quality. There was no statistical difference among treatments for the incidence of internal physiological disorders in mangoes, with mean values ranging from 0.08% to 0.38%. Fruit production and physical-chemical quality were affected by the different Ca formulations and forms of application. Fruit production ranged from 21.5 to 44.4 kg per plant. The Ca foliar application plus fertigation in the form of CaCl2.2 H2O resulted in higher production, as well as higher fruit weight and lower weight loss at 40 days after harvest.

Evaluation of follow-up strategies for women with epithelial ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment.

This is an update of a previous Cochrane Review, last updated in 2014. Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer and seventh most common cause of death due to cancer in women worldwide. Traditionally, most women who have been treated for cancer undergo long-term follow-up in secondary care. However, it has been suggested that the use of routine review may not be effective in improving survival, or health-related quality of life (HRQOL), or relieving anxiety. In addition, traditional follow-up may not be cost-effective. To compare the potential effects of different strategies of follow-up in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, following completion of primary treatment. For this update, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, CENTRAL 2022, Issue 11, MEDLINE, and Embase from August 2013 to November 2022. We also searched review articles and contacted experts in the field. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated follow-up strategies for women with epithelial ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment. We followed standard Cochrane methodology. Two review authors independently selected potentially relevant trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. They compared results, and resolved disagreements by discussion. We assessed the certainty of evidence, using the GRADE approach, for the outcomes of interest: overall survival (OS), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychological effects, and cost analysis. For this update, we included one new RCT, including 112 women with ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer, who had completed primary treatment by surgery, with or without chemotherapy. This study reported the effect of individualised, i.e. individually tailored, nurse-led follow-up versus conventional medical follow-up on HRQOL, psychological outcomes, and cost-analysis. Individualised follow-up improved HRQOL in one of the two scales, with a decrease in mean difference (MD) in the QLQ-C30 discomfort scale following 12 months of individualised treatment compared to 12 months of conventional treatment (MD -5.76 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) -10.92 to -0.60; 1 study, 112 participants; low-certainty evidence; minimal important difference 4 to 10 points). There may be little or no difference in the other HRQOL scale (QLQ-Ov28, MD -0.97 points, 95% CI -2.57 to 0.63; 1 study, 112 participants: low-certainty evidence); psychological outcome, measured with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS; MD 0.10 point, 95% CI -0.81 to 1.02; 1 study, 112 participants: low-certainty evidence), or cost analysis (MD -GBP 695.00, 95% CI -1467.23 to 77.23; 1 study, 112 participants: moderate-certainty evidence). Our previous review included one RCT, with 529 women in a confirmed remission, with normal CA125 concentration and no radiological evidence of disease, after surgery and first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. This study evaluated immediate treatment of ovarian cancer relapse following a rise of serum CA125 levels versus delaying treatment until symptoms developed for OS, and HRQOL. There was little or no difference in OS between the immediate and delayed arms after a median follow-up of 56.9 months (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.20; 1 study, 529 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Time from randomisation to first deterioration in global health score or death was shorter in the immediate treatment group than in the delayed treatment group (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.88). Limited evidence from one trial suggests that routine surveillance with CA125 in asymptomatic women and treatment at CA125-defined relapse does not seem to offer survival advantage when compared to treatment at symptomatic relapse. However, this study pre-dates the use of PARPi maintenance treatment and the increased use of secondary cytoreductive surgery, so the results may be limited in their applicability to current practice. Limited evidence from one trial suggests that individualised nurse-led follow-up may improve HRQOL in women with ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment. Large RCTs are needed to compare different types of follow-up, looking at survival, HRQOL, psychological effects, and cost as outcomes.

Enhancement the Performance of Multi-Level and Multi-Commodity in Supply Chain: A Simulation Approach

In today's global economy, effective supply chain management plays a pivotal role in the success of a business. The repercussions of a business strategy on the entire supply chain remain uncertain until it is implemented. Utilizing simulations offers the opportunity to gauge performance before implementing the strategy. The primary aim of employing supply chain simulation is to analyze the effects of different strategies on profit enhancement and cost reduction across all supply chain tiers. This research paper has formulated a discrete event simulation model using Arena software to evaluate and enhance the operational efficiency of the detergent supply chain. The problem involves multiple levels and commodities, encompassing four manufacturers, two intermediate storage warehouses, and four main distributors following an (s, S) inventory control approach. Shortages are permitted, leading to a partial loss or back-ordering of products. The overarching objective is to minimize the overall inventory costs within the system, accounting for holding costs at each tier, managing shortages, and the expense incurred due to lost sales. A range of scenarios are developed to set control parameters, with the evaluation of supply chain performance falling into two main categories: financial and operational considerations.

Workplace health promotion programs among health workers: a systematic literature review

Objective: To identify the effect of workplace health promotion activities (WHPA) on the health status of health personnel. Methodology: A systematic literature review was performed. Six computerized databases were used to search for studies on the effect of at least one health promotion activity on the health status of health personnel. Studies were included if they were published in peer-reviewed and indexed journals and were written either in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Information such as study population, sample size, type of study, outcome, and health promotion activities performed were extracted from each publication. All the included articles were measured in terms of their methodological quality, including the risk of bias. Results: Lower scores on perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and mood symptoms were reported. An improvement in sleep hours and quality and a reduction in dietary sodium intake were informed. Improvements in participants’ dietary habits, weight loss, and body fat percentage, along with increased physical activity and a reduction in pain levels were reported. A reduction in the prevalence of cigarette smoking was found. Conclusions: WHPAs can enhance physical and mental health, and overall well-being, and encouraging healthier behaviors among health personnel. Most of the studies targeting mental health focused their efforts primarily on reducing healthcare workers’ perceived stress. WHPAs that addressed both diet and physical activity behaviors were more effective at improving weight outcomes than those that used only one approximation. Overall, this study offers valuable information on the impact of worksite-based health promotion interventions, including the effect of different strategies applied

Understanding the Impact of Vaccination and Self-Defense Measures on Epidemic Dynamics Using an Embedded Optimization and Evolutionary Game Theory Methodology.

Explaining how individual choice and government policy can appear in the same context in real society is one of the most challenging scientific problems. Controlling infectious diseases requires effective prevention and control measures, including vaccination and self-defense measures. In this context, optimal control strategies incorporating vaccination and self-defense measures have been proposed using the framework of evolutionary game theory. This approach accounts for individuals' behavior and interactions in a population. It can provide insights into the effectiveness of different strategies for controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The optimal control strategy involves balancing the costs and benefits of vaccination, considering the dynamic interplay between the infected and susceptible populations. By combining evolutionary game theory with optimal control theory, we can identify the optimal allocation of resources for vaccination and self-defense measures, which can maximize the control of infectious diseases while minimizing costs. The model is utilized to analyze public health policies diseases, such as vaccination and self-defense strategies, to mitigate the spread of infectious in the context of delayed decision-making.

Testing pathways to scale: study protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial of a centralized and a decentralized (“Train the Trainers”) dissemination of a mental health program for Kenyan adolescents

BackgroundProviding care in Kenya to all youth in need is difficult because of a shortage of professional providers and societal stigma. Previous trials of the Anansi model, which involves delivering low-touch mental health interventions through a tiered caregiving model (including lay-providers, supervisors, and clinical experts), have shown its effectiveness for reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in school-going Kenyan adolescents. In this trial, we aim to assess two different scale-up strategies by comparing centralized implementation (i.e., by the organization that designed the Anansi model) against implementation through an implementing partner.MethodsIn this three-arm trial, 1600 adolescents aged 13 to 20 years will be randomized to receive the Shamiri intervention from either the Shamiri Institute or an implementation partner or to be placed in the treatment as usual (TAU) control group. The implementation partner will be trained and supplied with protocols to ensure that the same procedures are followed by both implementors. Implementation activities will run concurrently for both implementors. The Shamiri intervention will be delivered by trained lay providers to groups of 10–15 adolescents over four weekly sessions which will take place in secondary schools in Machakos and Makueni counties in Kenya. The TAU group will receive the usual care offered by their respective schools. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, midpoint (2 weeks), endpoint (4 weeks), and 1 month follow-up. The analysis will be based on an intent-to-treat approach. Mixed effects models will be used to assess trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms, mental well-being, perceived social support, and academic performance) and secondary outcomes for the intervention groups and the control group. Effect sizes will be computed for the mean differences of the intervention and control arms at midpoint, endpoint, and follow-up.DiscussionThis trial will provide insight into the comparative effectiveness of different strategies for scaling a school-based mental health care model. Findings will also indicate areas for improved efficiency of the model to enhance its replicability by other implementors.Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) (ID: PACTR202305589854478, Approved: 02/05/2023).

Strategies for optimizing electronic tips service profit

Electronic tip systems have become very popular in the era of cashless payments. With the widespread use of such services, the problem of maximizing profits has arisen, which concerns both establishments using electronic tip services and the services themselves that provide such services. Identifying factors that influence guests’ economic behavior when leaving tips will allow for the creation of an optimal strategy to increase the efficiency of the system. This study used data on the profits of the electronic tip service in public catering establishments. A simulation model was created to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different strategies; a methodology for finding the optimal strategy was described; and a clustering of establishments was performed using analysis of variance to customize the optimal strategy.

Do Affordable, Clean, and Modern Energy Matter for Environmental Sustainability? The Dynamic Effects of Different Strategies of Renewable Energy, Carbon Emissions, and Trade Openness on Sustainable Economic Growth

Do Affordable, Clean, and Modern Energy Matter for Environmental Sustainability? The Dynamic Effects of Different Strategies of Renewable Energy, Carbon Emissions, and Trade Openness on Sustainable Economic Growth

Does clean energy matter? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy, carbon emissions, and trade openness on sustainable economic growth

Does clean energy matter? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy, carbon emissions, and trade openness on sustainable economic growth

Maximizing Annual Energy Yield in a Grid-Connected PV Solar Power Plant: Analysis of Seasonal Tilt Angle and Solar Tracking Strategies

Harnessing the abundant solar resources holds great potential for sustainable energy generation. This research paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of seasonal tilt and solar tracking strategy scenarios for a 15 MW grid-connected PV solar power plant situated in Kandahar province, Afghanistan. The study investigates the impact of fixed tilt, seasonal tilt, SAHST (single-axis horizontal solar tracking), and SAVST (single-axis vertical solar tracking) on energy yield, considering technical, economic, and environmental aspects. In the first scenario, a fixed tilt angle of 31 degrees was employed. The second scenario explored the use of seasonal tilt angles, with a summer tilt angle of 15 degrees and a winter tilt angle of 30 degrees. The third scenario analyzed SAHST. Finally, the fourth scenario focused on implementing SAVST. SAVST proved to be an exceptional solution, showcasing a remarkable increase in annual energy yield, and generating an additional 6680 MWh/year, 6336 MWh/year, and 5084 MWh/year compared to fixed, seasonal, and SAHST scenarios, respectively. As a result, surplus energy yielded an income of USD 554,440.00 per year compared to fixed tilt. However, the investment cost for the solar tracking system amounted to USD 1,451,932, accompanied by an annual operation and maintenance cost of 0.007 USD/W/year. The analysis revealed a promising payback period of 3 years, confirming the economic feasibility of this investment. The findings underscore the effectiveness of different strategies for optimizing solar power generation in the Kandahar region. Notably, the installation of SAVST emerged as an influential solution, significantly increasing power production. These research outcomes bear practical implications for solar tracking strategies for addressing the load challenges faced by Kandahar province and offer valuable insights for the operators and operation of solar power plants in similar regions.

Analysis of Impact of the Holocaust on the Characters in Enermies, A Love Story from the Perspective of Trauma Theory

Holocaust literature has been widely concerned in the field of literature. Based on trauma theory, this article analyzes the impact of the Holocaust on the characters in Singer's Enemy, A Love Story. This study is mainly divided into three parts: trauma theory and overview of war trauma, trauma sources of characters, trauma symptoms of characters and trauma recovery status. The study found that the characters in the novel are generally traumatized by the Holocaust. They suffer from flashbacks of painful memories, hypervigilance and fear, but they are also repairing the trauma through their own efforts or the help of others. Further research is needed to explore the wider impact of the Holocaust on individuals and groups and the effectiveness of different strategies for repairing trauma.

Effectiveness of penile ventral curvature correction and the trend of hypospadias repair: a prospective study of the national center in China

BackgroundHypospadias repair is a complex surgical procedure that involves correcting penile ventral curvature (VC) and performing urethroplasty. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies for VC correction...

Inclusiveness of Women's Empowerment in Muslim Societies

This article engages contemporary scholarly literature on women’s empowerment in Muslim societies, examining various indicators and challenges to women’s empowerment and analyzing case studies to assess the effectiveness of different strategies and initiatives. Furthermore, the research explores the norms of women’s empowerment from the perspective of Abrahamic religions, arguing that, despite having historically patriarchal norms, these religions actively worked towards promoting gender equality. In Muslim societies, cultural practices and interpretations limited women’s autonomy. Ongoing efforts within Islamic scholarship and activism strive to reconcile these practices with Islamic values and advance gender equality. Despite notable progress in recent times, the findings highlight cultural, legal, and institutional barriers that hinder women from realizing their full potential. To overcome these obstacles, this article suggests operating within existing cultural and religious frameworks to challenge gender stereotypes and encourage fair gender relations. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the importance of increased collaboration and knowledge-sharing to prioritize women’s empowerment as a fundamental development goal. By creating an environment that fosters the full participation and inclusion of women in all aspects, Muslim societies can unlock the immense potential of their female population, leading to sustainable development and social progress for all.

Utilization of whole health services among veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D): Early insights from the VA SCI/D system of care

Context/Objective Our objective was to describe early participation in Whole Health programs across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders (SCI/D) System of Care. Design Retrospective analysis of VHA administrative data. Setting The VHA SCI/D System of Care. Participants Veterans with SCI/D included in the FY2019 cumulative VHA SCI/D Registry cohort with living status during FY2017, FY2018, and FY2019. Interventions N/A. Outcome Measures We assessed the number of encounters and unique Veterans with SCI/D, and the percent of Veterans with SCI/D, who utilized each Whole Health (WH) program available in VA. Results Utilization of WH Pathway and well-being Programs increased from 62 encounters to 1703 encounters between FY2017 and FY2019 (representing 0.09% to 3.13% of Veterans with SCI/D). Utilization of chiropractic care rose from 130 encounters to 418 encounters during the same time period. Similarly, utilization of complementary and integrative health programs increased from 886 encounters to 2655 encounters (representing 1.09% to 3.11% of Veterans; FY2017 to 2019). We also report utilization of specific WH programs. Conclusion Participation in WH services has been increasing among Veterans with SCI/D who receive health care from the VHA SCI/D System of Care. However, utilization among Veterans with SCI/D remains low overall, and targeted efforts to increase WH program reach are needed. Additional information about the relative effectiveness of different strategies to support WH implementation is also needed, to ensure strategies likely to have the most impact are prioritized.