Effects In Different Regions Research Articles

Distributions and Direct Radiative Effects of Different Aerosol Types in North China

Different aerosol types exhibit distinct radiative effects in different regions, attributed to their unique optical characteristics and regional distributions. This study focuses on North China, which is impacted by both natural and anthropogenic aerosols with high concentrations and a variety of aerosol types. While many studies on aerosol direct radiative effects have been conducted in this region, the majority have focused on a specific type of aerosol or overall aerosol, leaving limited research on the direct radiative effects and contributions of different aerosol types. In this study, we use CALIPSO satellite data from 2011 to 2020 to investigate concentrations and distributions of different aerosol types. The results reveal that dust, polluted dust, polluted continental/smoke, and elevated smoke are the dominant aerosol types in North China. Based on the radiative closure experiment, we systematically calculate the radiative effects of different aerosol types and their corresponding contributions to the energy budget by combining satellite data with the Fu–Liou radiative transfer model. The annual average net aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) of North China is −6.1 and −13.43 W m−2 at the TOA and surface, respectively, causing a net warming effect of 7.33 W m−2 in the atmosphere. For each main aerosol type, dust contributes 93% to the shortwave ADRE in the western dust source region, while polluted dust mainly contributes 31% and 45% of the total ADRE, in Northwest China and North China Plain, respectively. Anthropogenic pollutant aerosols account for 58% of the total ADRE in Northeast China. This study holds great significance in elucidating the dominant aerosol types and their concentrations in North China, comprehending the impacts of different aerosol types on the local energy balance.

Foreign direct investment, off-farm employment and rural labour income: evidence from China

ABSTRACT The study is to investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects China’s off-farm employment and per capita income of rural labourers and compare the effects in different regions. Based on panel data from 1997 to 2018 in 27 provinces and analysing the results of the simultaneous equations and dynamic generalized moment models with economic distances as extra instrumental variables, the study finds that FDI on average has played a significantly positive role in Chinese off-farm employment and per capita income of rural labourers. However, FDI has a much bigger impact on off-farm employment and per capita income of rural labourers in the coastal region than that in the inland region. In addition, we observe a positive off-farm employment and income effect of FDI with rural labour’s education level playing a significantly positive moderating role. The impact mechanism test also shows that FDI’s impact on off-farm employment and income is realized by stimulating the development of non-agricultural industries and directly creating jobs. These adjustments make a significant contribution to poverty reduction in rural China. China should further adjust the structure of FDI and optimize the regional distribution of foreign investment for promoting the overall transformation in rural China.

Industrial carbon emission efficiency prediction and carbon emission reduction strategies based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization-backpropagation: A perspective from regional clustering

Against the backdrop of global climate change, industrial carbon emission reduction has become an important pathway to for global low-carbon development. This study constructs a framework of geographic spatial constraints regionalization and multi-objective machine learning to predict future industrial carbon emission efficiency (ICEE) and explore strategies for carbon emission reduction. Firstly, the ICEE of 285 Chinese cities were calculated by the super-efficiency slacks-based measure. Secondly, the cities were classified into four ICEE level regions through the spatially constrained multivariate clustering. Next, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization-BP (MOPSO-BP) model was constructed to predict the future trends of ICEE in the four regions. Finally, the geographical detector and multi-scale geographically weighted regression were employed for exploring driving force and carbon emission reduction strategies in different regions. The results show that most cities had low or medium ICEE, while super efficiency cities were mainly distributed in the east coastal areas. The prediction performance of the MOPSO-BP model for the four regions was better than the ordinary particle swarm optimization-BP and traditional BP model. Except for the Agricultural Production Region, there is considerable room for improving the ICEE of other regions over the next decade. Macroeconomic and microeconomic development have a global effect in promoting regional ICEE improvement, urban construction shows a promoting or inhibiting effect in different regions, and information technology has significant spatial heterogeneity in its influence within each region. The analysis framework developed in the study is a reliable solution for managing and planning ICEE and provides constructive suggestions for future regional low-carbon development.

Geographies of Opportunity for Youth Across the Contiguous United States

Opportunity youths (OY) are youths between 16 and 24 years of age who are neither in school nor working. Research suggests that youth disconnection can have negative consequences on youths’ well-being, their communities, and the economy at large. The existing literature however neglects the underlying socio-demographic and economic factors that systematically contribute to the cause of youth disconnection in the United States. This study aims to explore the characteristics associated with youth disconnection and their spatially varying effects in different regions across the contiguous United States. Using data from the 2015 to 2019 5-year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample, results suggest that areas with higher percentages of OY are located in the Sunbelt region (e.g., southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia). Moreover, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) analysis illustrated spatially varying relationships with disconnection, demonstrating that factors have unique effects across different geographic areas. The potential impact of intersectionality for OY by race and ethnicity, ability, nationality, language, income, and parenting status is discussed. These results highlight the influence of local contexts in creating and reinforcing youth disconnection as well as informing responses to local support services for OY.

Fluxes in a full-flooded lubricated Tapered Roller Bearing: Particle Image Velocimetry measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations

The acquisition of complex fluxes inside a Tapered Roller Bearing (TRB) via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an experimental challenge. This can be successfully performed by exploiting a special test rig having the outer ring manufactured with sapphire. In the present paper, the velocity field in the region between cage, rollers and outer race have been captured via PIV in a fully flooded lubricated TRB. The experimental conditions have been reproduced numerically via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The comparison of PIV results with CFD ones showed excellent consistency. It has been observed that, in the target domain, the tangential velocity of the lubricant is greater than those of the cage. In addition, in the proximity of the edges of the rollers, squeezing effects due to high gradients of pressure have been recorded. The distribution of flow rates due to the pumping effect in different regions of the TRB have been estimated.

Neonatal treatment with resveratrol decreases postural and strength impairments and improves mitochondrial function in the somatosensory cortex rats submitted to cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by postural, motor, and cognitive disorders, being one of the main causes of physical and intellectual disability in childhood. To minimize functional impairments, the use of resveratrol as a therapeutic strategy is highlighted due to its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in different regions of the brain. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neonatal treatment with resveratrol on postural development, motor function, oxidative balance, and mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of rats submitted to a cerebral palsy model. Neonatal treatment with resveratrol attenuated deficits in somatic growth, postural development, and muscle strength in rats submitted to cerebral palsy. Related to oxidative balance, resveratrol in cerebral palsy decreased the levels of MDA and carbonyls. Related to mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in animals with cerebral palsy treated with resveratrol, an increase in mRNA levels of TFAM, in association with the increase of citrate synthase activity. The data demonstrated a promising effect of neonatal resveratrol treatment, improving postural and muscle deficits induced by cerebral palsy. These findings were associated with improvements in oxidative balance and mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of rats submitted to cerebral palsy.

How international students affect inbound tourism? Empirical evidence from 269 cities in China

Diseño/metodología/enfoque (límite 100 palabras)Tomando como muestra 266 ciudades de China a nivel de prefectura, e integrando a los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en el mismo marco analítico, el documento aplica el modelo de efectos fijos, el modelo de variables instrumentales y el modelo de efectos mediadores para investigar el impacto de los estudiantes internacionales en el turismo receptor.Objetivo (límite 100 palabras)El propósito de este documento es investigar la relación causal y el mecanismo entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.Resultados (límite 100 palabras)Los estudiantes internacionales contribuyen significativamente al aumento de los turistas entrantes y de los ingresos por turismo en China, que siguen siendo válidos tras una serie de pruebas de solidez. Cuando utilizamos los datos de reubicación de las universidades y facultades urbanas chinas en la década de 1950 como variable instrumental para los posibles problemas endógenos de los estudiantes internacionales, los resultados siguen siendo válidos. La investigación de la heterogeneidad muestra que el impacto de los estudiantes internacionales en el turismo receptor tiene efectos heterogéneos en las distintas regiones. Además, el análisis del mecanismo muestra que los estudiantes internacionales promueven el turismo receptor de China principalmente a través de tres canales: el efecto del crecimiento económico, el efecto del capital humano y el efecto de la inversión extranjera.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación (límite 100 palabras)Este trabajo aporta pruebas sobre la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, como todos los datos del estudio proceden de China, hay que ser prudentes a la hora de aplicar los resultados de este trabajo a otras regiones.Implicaciones prácticas (límite 100 palabras)Este documento aporta pruebas sobre la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, dado que todos los datos del estudio proceden de China, debe tenerse precaución a la hora de aplicar los resultados de este documento a otras regiones.Implicaciones sociales (límite 100 palabras)Este trabajo descubre de forma creativa las variables instrumentales de los estudiantes internacionales con formación académica para hacer frente a los posibles problemas endógenos y, a continuación, identifica la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.Originalidad/valor (límite 100 palabras)Este trabajo descubre de forma creativa las variables instrumentales de los estudiantes internacionales para tratar los posibles problemas endógenos, y luego identifica la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.

Comparison of multiple treatment regimens in children with Helicobacter pylori infection: A network meta-analysis.

Multiple regimens have been widely used in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. However, there is a lack of comparison and evaluation of their effectiveness in different regions of the world. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved. Review Manager 5.4, Stata SE 15 and R 4.0.4 statistical software were used to analyze date. The ranking probability is assessed according to the surfaces under cumulative ranking (SUCRA). 163 studies were eligible for this study, involving 336 arms and 18,257 children, and 10 different interventions. The results showed that the eradication rates of sequential therapy with probiotics (SP), bismuth-containing quadruple (Quadruple) therapy, concomitant therapy and PCN therapy were at least 90%. Cumulative ranking showed that SP therapy had the best eradication effect (SUCRA 92.7%) whereas Bismuth-containing triple therapy (B) had the worst (SUCRA 3.5%). Subgroup analysis suggested that SP therapy ranked first in China and other regions, and the ranking of Triple therapy with probiotics therapy (TP) was equally stable (SUCRA 72.0% vs 76.4% respectively). The security of the SP and TP therapy had great advantages. As for the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, SP therapy ranks highest. SP and TP therapies are most safe.

Measurement and Comparison of the Innovation Spatial Spillover Effect: A Study Based on the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, China

Innovation is an important factor to improve the quality of economic growth, and amplifying the innovation spatial spillover effect is an important measure to support the development of innovation. Scholars have carried out diversified research on the innovation spatial spillover effect, but there is still practical significance for deepening the research on the spatial spillover effect. In particular, the multi-angle comparative study in different regions still has research value, especially for the field of urban agglomeration integration. The spatial econometric model is a common method to measure spatial spillover effect. In order to carry out a multi-angle comparative study of innovation spatial spillover effects in different regions, this study takes two typical integrated urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in China as the object, and conducts a comparative study of the evolutionary characteristics of innovation spatial spillover effects based on urban scale data and the spatial econometric model. Differently from previous studies, invention patents are adopted to characterize the innovation level. The results show that there are significant positive innovation spatial spillover effects in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and the spatial spillover effect in the Yangtze River Delta is stronger. The spatial spillover effect exhibits significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. For example, the spatial spillover effect in the core region and the fringe region of the urban agglomeration exhibits a positive effect, but the Yangtze River Delta is stronger than the Pearl River Delta. As an important innovation, the spatial spillover effects both exhibit the evolutionary characteristics of “inverted U-shape” based on the changes in geographical distance, and the spatial spillover effect of the Yangtze River Delta is always larger. Based on the empirical research, we propose promoting high-quality development by strengthening urban agglomeration cooperation, realizing urban agglomeration expansion in an orderly way, and improving the macro-political system.

Controls on Flood Trends Across the United States

AbstractTrends in flood magnitudes vary across the conterminous USA (CONUS). There have been attempts to identify what controls these regionally varying trends, but these attempts were limited to certain—for example, climatic—variables or to smaller regions, using different methods and datasets each time. Here we attribute the trends in annual maximum streamflow for 4,390 gauging stations across the CONUS in the period 1960–2010, while using a novel combination of methods and an unprecedented variety of potential controlling variables to allow large‐scale comparisons and minimize biases. Using process‐based flood classification and complex networks, we find 10 distinct clusters of catchments with similar flood behavior. We compile a set of 31 hydro‐climatological and land use variables as predictors for 10 separate Random Forest models, allowing us to find the main controls the flood magnitude trends for each cluster. By using Accumulated Local Effect plots, we can understand how these controls influence the trends in the flood magnitude. We show that hydro‐climatologic changes and land use are of similar importance for flood magnitude trends across the CONUS. Static land use variables are more important than their trends, suggesting that land use is able to attenuate (forested areas) or amplify (urbanized areas) the effects of climatic changes on flood magnitudes. For some variables, we find opposing effects in different regions, showing that flood trend controls are highly dependent on regional characteristics and that our novel approach is necessary to attribute flood magnitude trends reliably at the continental scale while maintaining sensitivity to regional controls.

Digital economy, environmental regulation and green eco-efficiency—Empirical evidence from 285 cities in China

Strengthening green eco-efficiency has emerged as one of China’s key objectives for its present economic green development. All walks of life have progressively begun to pay attention to how to leverage the rapidly developing digital economy to promote regional green eco-efficiency upgrading. This work first develops a mathematical model to investigate the inherent mechanism of digital economy development on green eco-efficiency enhancement and presents a research hypothesis, which is then followed by a fixed-effects model and a spatial econometric model to evaluate the geographic spillover effect of digital economy development on green eco-efficiency enhancement and the moderating influence of environmental regulation. According to the test results, the growth of the digital economy can greatly increase green eco-efficiency, with environmental legislation acting as a helpful moderator. Additional empirical research revealed that environmental regulation and the development of the digital economy both favourably promote and adjust green eco-efficiency. However, there are various effects of different regions and different time periods, it shows that there are “strong in the East and weak in the west,” “weak in the East and weak in the west” and “weak first and then strong.” Therefore, each region in China should promote the development of digital economy, accelerate the digitization of industry, and promote the green ecological efficiency of China’s industry with the digital economy a grip. At the same time, the regulating role of government environmental regulations should be given full play to narrow the differences between regions and promote the green, coordinated, and sustainable development of each regional economy.

Effect of different regions on fermentation profiles, microbial communities, and their metabolomic pathways and properties in Italian ryegrass silage.

Italian ryegrass is less studied in northern China due to high-quality forage grass has not been fully utilized. Full utilization of high-quality forage grass helps to alleviate the shortage of forage grass in winter and spring season and guarantee stable development of livestock production. Consequently, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different regions in northern China on the fermentative products, bacterial community compositions, and metabolic pathways and metabolites of Italian ryegrass silage. The Italian ryegrass was harvested from three regions (Ordos-WK; Hohhot-AK; Ulanqab-SYK) and ensiled for 60 days. Single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were used to analyze bacterial communities and metabolites, respectively. After 60 d of fermentation, the SYK group had the lowest pH (4.67), the highest lactic acid contents (95.02 g/kg DM) and largest lactic acid bacteria populations (6.66 log10 cfu/g FM) among the treatment groups. In addition, the SYK group had the highest abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (63.98%). In SYK group, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis was the significantly enriched (p < 0.05) and high-impact value (0.0225) metabolic pathway. In AK group, tryptophan metabolism the was the significantly enriched (p < 0.001) and high-impact value (0.1387) metabolic pathway. In WK group, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) was the significantly enriched (p < 0.001) and high-impact value (0.1174) metabolic pathway. Further, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was positively correlated with cinnamic acid, tetranor 12-HETE, D-Mannitol, (2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid L-Leucine, guanine, isoleucyl-aspartate and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl propanoate, but negatively correlated with isocitrate and D-mannose. In conclusion, this study can improve our understanding of the ensiling microbiology and metabolomics in different regions to further regulate the fermentation products and promote livestock production.

Impact of Green Credit on Industrial Structure in China

Since the reformation and opening up, the conflict between domestic economic development and environmental pollution has become increasingly obvious, and the structure of industry needs to be adjusted urgently. Based on the strategic background of sustainable development, green credit policy has been proposed to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. Green credit adopts a differentiated credit strategy for highly polluting industries and green and energy-saving industries to support the development of green and environmental industries, forcing highly polluting and high-emission industries to upgrade their technological innovation and reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the demand for green economy, China's green credit has become the main driving force to achieve high-quality development such as ecological, circular and low-carbon development of industries, and green credit has a positive effect on the upgrading of industrial structure. In the process of implementing green credit in China, there are still problems such as time lag in the improvement of industrial efficiency and obvious differences in the promotion effect in different regions, which affect the effect of green credit on the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. It is recommended to focus green policies on the government and banking financial institutions, increase the government's green financial support, and continuously improve the green credit system of banks.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling coordinated development of production-living-ecology system in China

The coupling coordinated development of production-living-ecology (PLE) system is of great importance to sustainable development. However, the influencing factors for the coupling coordinated development of PLE system remain poorly understood, especially in terms of spatial and temporal differences among the main factors. In this study, we chose the panel data of 295 China’s prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2019 to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling coordinated development of PLE system using coupling model, spatial regression model, GTWR model and K-means clustering method. From our results, the coupling index of PLE system showed an increasing trend with the spatial agglomeration. Social investment, terrain condition, infrastructure, and internet development are main factors affecting the coupling coordinated development of PLE system, and different influencing factors have different effects in different regions and different periods. The targeted policies should be combined with the effects of main influencing factors in different regions and different periods. We hope that this study can provide a valuable reference for the coupling coordination of PLE system and sustainable development.

Pathway and driving forces to complete forest transition in inner Mongolia of China

China has experienced an extensive forest transition. However, the biophysical conditions and socio-economic effects in different regions are quite different in such a large country. Few studies on the forest transition of China have focused on how forest transitions occur and what process of forest transition in quality experience at the regional level. This study conducts a regional analysis on forest transition in Inner Mongolia from the dual perspectives of forest quantity and quality using data from 1980 to 2018. Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) modeling combining the sensitivity analysis method is used to comprehensively analyze potential socio-economic factors that may drive the forest transition observed in Inner Mongolia. The results show that the changing trend of the forest area in Inner Mongolia shaped a “N" curve, while the standing forest stock showed a general slow-growing trend. It is important to note that Inner Mongolia achieved a complete forest transition around 1993. The forest transition witnessed in Inner Mongolia mainly followed two pathways: the “economic development pathway” and the “national forest policy pathway.” The results suggest that the forest area in Inner Mongolia is changing into an “N" shaped curve with the number of live standing trees in the forests generally growing slowly. The results further suggest that, rather than only analyzing the spatial expansion of forest area, ecological construction is also an important determinant of future forest quality.

Generating High-Resolution CT Slices from Two Image Series Using Deep-Learning-Based Resolution Enhancement Methods.

Medical image super-resolution (SR) has mainly been developed for a single image in the literature. However, there is a growing demand for high-resolution, thin-slice medical images. We hypothesized that fusing the two planes of a computed tomography (CT) study and applying the SR model to the third plane could yield high-quality thin-slice SR images. From the same CT study, we collected axial planes of 1 mm and 5 mm in thickness and coronal planes of 5 mm in thickness. Four SR algorithms were then used for SR reconstruction. Quantitative measurements were performed for image quality testing. We also tested the effects of different regions of interest (ROIs). Based on quantitative comparisons, the image quality obtained when the SR models were applied to the sagittal plane was better than that when applying the models to the other planes. The results were statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The overall effect of the enhanced deep residual network (EDSR) model was superior to those of the other three resolution-enhancement methods. A maximal ROI containing minimal blank areas was the most appropriate for quantitative measurements. Fusing two series of thick-slice CT images and applying SR models to the third plane can yield high-resolution thin-slice CT images. EDSR provides superior SR performance across all ROI conditions.

The impact of environmental regulation on water resources utilization efficiency

With the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, water consumption has increased in China. Meanwhile, water waste, water pollution and uneven distributions of water resources have posed a great challenge to China’s economic development. Hence, the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency has become an important measure to solve the shortage of water resources. In this study, the super efficiency Data envelopment analysis model and Tobit model are adopted to study the impact of environmental regulation on water resources utilization efficiency. The results show that water resources efficiency score is different in different regions in China, where the efficiency score in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region and the central region. Environmental regulation negatively affects water resources utilization efficiency and these effects are different effects in different regions. Environmental regulation affects three variables, foreign direct investment, technological innovation, industrial structure, and then affects water resources utilization efficiency through these variables. Based on the above research, we put forward some policy recommendations for increasing environmental regulation intensity to improve water resources utilization efficiency.

What Affects the Economic Resilience of China's Yellow River Basin Amid Economic Crisis-From the Perspective of Spatial Heterogeneity.

This paper contributes to the study of regional economic resilience by analyzing the dynamic characteristics and influence mechanisms of resilience from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity. This paper focuses on the resistance and recoverability dimensions of resilience and analyzed the dynamic changes in economic resilience in China’s Yellow River Basin in response to the 2008 economic crisis. The multi-scale geographical weighted regression model was utilized to examine the effect of key factors on regional economic resilience. Our findings show the following: (1) The resistance of the Yellow River Basin to the financial crisis was high; however, the recoverability decreased significantly over time. (2) The spatial heterogeneity of driving factors was significant, and they had different effect scales on economic resilience. Related variety, government agency, environment, and opening to the global economy had a significant effect on economic resilience only in a specific small range. Specialization, unrelated variety, and location had opposite effects in different regions of the Yellow River Basin. (3) Specialization limited the area’s resistance to shock but enhanced the recoverability. Related variety improved regional economic resilience. Unrelated variety was not conducive to regional resistance to shock and had opposite effects on the recoverability in different regions. (4) Government agency and financial market promoted regional economic resilience. Environment pollution and resource-based economic structure limited regional economic resilience. Opening to the global economy and urban hierarchy limited regional resistance to shock, but strong economic development had the opposite effect of improved regional resistance. The location in the east of the Yellow River Basin enhanced the recoverability; however, the location in the west limited the recoverability.

Spatiotemporal differences and influencing factors of high-quality utilization of land resources in the Yellow River Basin of China.

High-quality utilization of land resources (HULR) is critical to the security of land ecosystem and sustainable socioeconomic development. To promote HULR, we explored the spatiotemporal differences and influencing factors of HULR in the Yellow River Basin (an important ecological barrier in China) by using entropy method, spatial panel regression model, and geographically and temporally weighted regression model. We found that the HULR values were 0.22 to 0.28 from 2008 to 2019, showing an increasing trend with obvious spatiotemporal differences. The spatial connectivity, technological innovation, industrialization, industrial upgrading, and marketization are important factors influencing HULR, and different factors have different spatial effects in different regions. Therefore, the important principle of HULR is to pursue the sustainable land utilization within the ecological environment carrying capacity, taking into account the unique ecological and socioeconomic conditions of each region. We hope that our study can provide references for HULR around the world.

Landscape openness has different effects on the structure, diversity and functional composition of Brazilian rainforests

Landscape openness leads to harsher environmental conditions and reduced propagule dispersal, but how it affects different forest attributes and over what spatial scale remains unclear. We evaluate the effects of landscape openness (i.e., increased forest loss and fragmentation) on nine forest attributes related to structure, diversity, and composition for four different spatial scales, and three regions in Brazilian Atlantic forest. For 35 0.1 ha forest plots we calculated nine forest attributes related to structure (basal area, maximum height, structural heterogeneity), tree biodiversity (species richness, Simpson diversity, functional richness) and functional composition (proportion of animal-dispersed and shade-tolerant species, seed size). To assess at what spatial scales landscape characteristics play a role, we calculated for each plot local matrix openness and forest patch density using four concentric circles of 400 to 3200 m radius. Landscape openness negatively affected most forest attributes, but the magnitude of effect varied with 1) landscape attribute, 2) forest attribute, and 3) region. First, matrix openness had a negative stronger effect than patch density, indicating that landscape forest loss is more detrimental than forest fragmentation. Second, landscape openness reduced most strongly forest structure and animal-dispersed species, probably because open landscapes increase edge effects which especially affect large-sized trees, and reduce the abundance and activity of zoochorous seed dispersers, while landscape openness had opposite effects on diversity in different regions. Third, landscape openness had different effects in different regions, probably because of regional differences in tree species composition, landscape configuration and composition. Finally, landscape openness affected forest structural attributes at all spatial scales, animal-dispersed species at larger spatial scales (>1600 m), and seed size at small spatial scales (<400 m). In sum, landscape openness reduced most forest attributes, although the strength varied with the landscape attribute, forest attribute, and landscape context. Conservation and restoration projects should therefore restore landscape forest cover to improve forest structure, diversity and composition, and take into account the landscape context.