Effect Of Different Rates Research Articles

Effect of Different Rate and Time of Application of Slag based Gypsum on Nutrient Use Efficiency, Quality and Yield of Groundnut

Background: Slag based gypsum (SBG) is a value-added product of iron and steel industry. Application of gypsum as source of calcium and sulphur for groundnut cultivation is common practice and mainly applied during peg initiation stage of groundnut. However, its effect is mainly influenced by the type of soil and dissolution of gypsum, which facilitates the yield and quality of groundnut. Hence, field experiments were conducted to know the effect of application of different rates of SBG as basal and split application on soil properties, yield, quality, nutrient use and uptake efficiency of groundnut in acidic soil. Methods: This study contains of seven treatments which includes recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with three levels of SBG (375, 500 and 625 kg ha-1) was applied as basal and split and 500 kg natural gypsum (NG) ha-1 was applied as basal dose according to package of practice (POP) of University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore by using randomly complete block design (RCBD) at Agricultural Research Station, Balajigapade during kharif 2018 and 2019. Result: The pooled data of two field experiments on groundnut revealed that application of RDF + 625 kg SBG ha-1 as 50% at sowing + 50% at peg initiation stage recorded higher pod (28.01 q ha-1), haulm (54.46 q ha-1), kernel (20.59 q ha-1), protein (89.70 q ha-1) and oil (7.06 q ha-1) yield when compared to other treatments. There was an increase in pod, haulm and oil yield of groundnut by 11.62, 20.59 and 17.99%, respectively with the split application of 625 kg SBG ha-1 (50% at sowing + 50% at 30 DAS) over NG applied treatments. Split application of SBG significantly increased the availability of nutrients in post harvest soils than basal application. Significantly higher S and Ca nutrient use efficiency (33.98 and 28.93 kg produce/kg S and Ca utilized, respectively) and uptake efficiency (0.39 and 1.29 kg kg-1, respectively) was recorded with the split application of SBG @ 375 kg ha-1.

Effect of Zinc Nanoparticles on Plant Growth and Some Soil Properties

A field experiment with three replications was conducted on sprinkler irrigated sandy soil during two successive summer and winter seasons (summer 2021 and winter 2021/2022), which cultivated with corn (Zea mays) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at Agricultural Research Station farm in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was cultivated as an indicator crop to evaluate the residual effect of different rates of zinc nutrient in nanoparticles form versus mineral zinc sulphate fertilizer and studying their effects on growth and crop yield and some soil chemical properties. The zinc nutrient forms were applied by fertigation through sprinkler irrigation system. The obtained results revealed that the corn and bean parts dry matter, yield and some soil chemical properties including available soil nutrients content, EC, pH and SOM were greatly improved in general with additions of these nutrients forms. During zinc nanoparticles treatments, the most effective treatment was with the rate of half dose from minerals at recommended dose (ZnNPs at 50% MNRD). Mineral forms in normal recommended dose (MNRD) gave nearly equal effect with ZnNPs at 50 % MNRD.

Effect of Different Rates, Application Timing, and Combination of Nonfumigant Nematicides in Control of Meloidogyne incognita in Watermelon

The use of plasticulture systems, which consist of raised beds, plastic mulch, and drip irrigation, for watermelon production has increased in the Southern United States in recent decades. The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is a significant pathogen of watermelon production in plasticulture systems and can cause varying levels of yield loss depending on the nematode population density if not properly controlled. A few new nonfumigant nematicides (fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, and fluopyram) have emerged in the last decade to help manage RKNs. A 2-year field study was conducted to examine the impact of different rates, application timing (i.e., days before transplanting, at transplanting, and days after transplanting), and combinations of these new nematicides and an older one (oxamyl) in control of RKN in watermelon cultivar Fascination. The nematicide treatments, except for a single-time application of oxamyl in 2019 and 2020, significantly reduced root galling compared with the untreated check. Similarly, all treatments, except a single application of oxamyl in 2020, resulted in a lower soil population level of M. incognita than the untreated check. All nematicide treatments, except a single application of fluensulfone and a two-time application of fluopyram at a half-recommended rate, increased fruit yields when compared with the untreated check. Overall, the drip application of new chemistries, known as 3-F nematicides, has been shown to be a useful option for RKN management in watermelon. At-planting application of fluazaindolizine or fluopyram and two-time applications of oxamyl based on the manufacturer's recommended rate show potential to prevent crop loss.

Effect of the gain rate during growing phase on the performance and characteristics of carcass and meat of super precocious steers.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of different rates of weight gain during the backgrounding on animal performance and carcass and meat characteristics of steers finished in feedlots. Thirty-six Angus steers, 12 ± 2months of age, were backgrounded during 91 days on Aruana grass pasture (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) managed under different stocking rates to achieve three different weight gains: HIGH ADG (average daily gain)-no feed restriction (ADG = 0.846 kg); MEDIUM ADG-moderate feed restriction (ADG = 0.456 kg); and LOW ADG-high feed restriction (ADG = 0.154 kg). To ensure the difference in ADG, we offered 0.7% live weight of concentrate feed in the HIGH treatment and a better forage supply in the MEDIUM treatment. After the backgrounding, the animals were finished in feedlot. There was no effect of the previous performance on the animals' performance in the feedlot. The LOW presented higher weight (218.9 vs. 207.9 kg) and hot (54.0% vs. 51.3%) and cold (53.5% vs. 50.5%) carcass yield than the MEDIUM, besides presenting meat with less cooking losses (15.0% vs. 18.2%), marbling (7 vs. 4.0 points), palatability (7.1 vs. 6.3 points), juiciness (7.2 vs. 6.4 points), tenderness (7.1 vs. 6.3 points), and lower shear force (5.78 vs. 8.75 kg) than HIGH. LOW ADG steers stay longer in the finishing phase but presented in general better quality carcass and meat than those with MEDIUM or HIGH during the backgrounding.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATES OF ORGANIC NITROGEN INPUTS ON PLANT TOTAL NUTRIENT, UPTAKE, AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF LEAFY VEGETABLE

In organic farming, nitrogen (N) is one of the most crucial factors. Other than the limited source of N for organic fertilizer as the key factor for growth-limiting nutrients in organic farming, the cost of fertilization is also affected by different N application rates in organic farming running. Therefore, in this study, emphasis was given to the effect of different rates of N in organic farming on the plant total nutrient, uptake, and growth performance of leafy vegetables. A study was conducted in a glasshouse at an integrated organic farming research area in the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) at Serdang, Selangor for two consecutive cycles. The experimental treatments were focused on the different rates of N inputs (12, 24, and 36 kg/ha of N from organic sources) with soil alone as a control. The treatments were applied 14 days after seeding (14-DAS) using green spinach as a test crop. The study result found that a 24-63 kg/ha rate of organic N input had improved N and P uptake in spinach (leafy vegetables), as well as their growth performances. Study findings have shown that the range of application rate of organic N between 24 to 36 kg/ha, promotes nutrient uptake in plants and can be scaled up to farm level to sustain organic system productivity.

Influence of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and productivity indicators of large clustered grapes

The article examines the effect of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of grape varieties with large clusters. The transition periods of phenological phases, productivity indicators, chemical composition of grape bunch cluster weight and juice, influence of mineral fertilizers on the mechanical composition of grape bunch and cluster were determined. In the study of the effects of different rates of mineral fertilizers, the transition periods of phenological phases, the mechanical and chemical composition of grape bunch clusters were analyzed mathematically and statistically, it was proved that the highest result was given when N160 P120 K40 kg/ha was given. When mineral fertilizer N160 P120 K40 kg/ha is applied, flowering and ripening periods start 3 and 6 days earlier in varieties, sugar content is 1.6% high, acidity is 0.5 g/l, shingles is 1.5%, and flesh and juice is 1.8 % is high, 2.8% is less in the seed and it is found that the rudiment seed does not differ significantly.

The Effect of Application of Different Doses of Acid Mixture Seed Coating Method on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Fiber Technological Characteristics

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different rates of seed coating of an organic acid mixture (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) on the yield and technological characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Before seeding, cotton seeds were coated with an organic acid mixture product [0.75% citric acid, 0.25% glutamate, 0.25% proline, and 98.75 inert ingredients (water)], in six different doses (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 cc) to compare with control (uncoated). Seed cotton yield, fiber yield, plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, 100 seeds weight, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber elongation, fiber uniformity ratio, short fiber index, fiber yellowness (+ b), fiber reflectance (Rd) and spinning consistency index (SCI) values were examined. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of seed cotton yield, fiber yield, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, and the number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, while there was a non-significant association in terms of other examined observations and fiber technological characteristics. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained from 1500 cc application doses as 5073.80 kg ha-1 which was 19,78% (838.00 kg ha-1) higher than that of the control (4235.80 kg ha-1). In conclusion in light of the information obtained from this study, a remarkable increase in yield was obtained as a result of coating the cotton seeds with the product containing organic acid mixtures (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) at different doses. For this reason, it was concluded that it may be recommended to cover the seeds with the aforementioned mixtures before sowing.

Utjecaj primjene dušika, magnezija i željeza na njihov sadržaj u peršinu (Petroselinum crispum)

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different rates of N, Mg and Fe applications on the mineral content of parsley leaves. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse according to the randomized plot design with three replications. Seven N, Mg and Fe dose treatments were designed as 130, 160, 190, 220, 250, 280 and 310 kg per ha N as ammonium nitrate (33% N), 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg per ha Mg as magnesium sulphate (16% MgO) and 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 56 Fe kg per ha as ferrous sulphate (20% Fe). The treatments did not significantly affect phosphorus concentrations in parsley leaves. The nitrogen uptake of the plant increased in all three element applications and the highest N, K and Ca values were determined in nitrogen fertilizer applications. The nitrate amount in the leaves also increased depending on the increasing N rates. The results indicate that the most effective fertilizer in the nutrition of parsley is nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen doses up to 310 kg per ha did not increase the nitrate amount in parsley above the permissible level.

Manipulative Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber Nourished with Poultry Manure in Sandy Loam Soil

There is high demand for cucumber because of its nutritional and medicinal implications. Despite the several benefits of the crop, there is little information on the agronomic performance of the crop in open and shaded conditions using different rates of poultry manure in south east Nigeria. The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different rates of poultry manure on the growth and yield of cucumber in open and shaded conditions. This research was conducted in the research farm of the Agricultural Education Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The experiment was laid out using RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) and replicated three times for both the open and shaded conditions. The poultry manure treatments applied were 0, 2 and 4ton/ha and data for the growth parameters were recorded on the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks after planting (WAP) while data on yield parameters were taken at harvest. The results indicated that cucumber planted under open system had the highest number of leaves, branches, stem girth, number of flowers, number of fruits and weight of fruits per plant when treated with 2ton/ha of poultry manure in comparison with 0ton/ha and 4ton/ha treatments under shaded system. The researchers therefore concluded that farmers in the study area can grow cucumbers in an open field with 2ton/ha poultry manure for optimal growth and yield of the crop.

The effect of different rates of ultra-thin gossamer-like rGO coatings on photocatalytic performance in ZnO core-shell structures for optoelectronic applications

In the study, core-shell-structured Al/(ZnO:rGO)/pSi/Al photo-diodes were successfully fabricated using a sol-gel spin-coating method by varying the concentration of reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) from 1 % to 9 % (wt). The ZnO:rGO composite solution was coated on a silicon (p-Si) wafer at 1000 rpm and 300 K. Both aluminum back-ohmic and front-rectifier contacts were performed on the p-Si wafer by physical-vapor-deposition (PVD). The morphological and chemical structure of the photo-diodes were determined by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The current-voltage (I-V) analysis in dark and under ultraviolet (UV, 365 nm) wavelength was utilized in detail. Basic electrical parameters, including the ideality factor (n), barrier height (BH) and series-shunt resistances (R s , R sh ), were calculated using a variety of methods and compared to each other. The Card-Rhoderick method was used to extract energy-dependent profiles of interface traps (N ss ). The core-shell-structured (ZnO-7 % rGO) photo-diode exhibited the best photocatalytic performance both in dark and under various illumination intensities (50–250 mW/cm 2 ). The ZnO:rGO interlayer at the metal-semiconductor (M/S) interface leads to improvement of the photo-diode in respect of low-ideality factor/Nss/leakage-current and high-rectification and BH. • The ZnO:rGO core-shell structures were synthesized and coated successfully and homogeneously using sol-gel spin coating. • This study is pioneer due to the fact that there is no detailed study about the Al/ZnO:rGO/pSi/Al photo-diodes from ZnO:rGO interface as wrapped different rGO rates ZnO core-shell. • The rGO nanosheets were provided bridging and this may be a conductivity mechanism between ZnO spheres that increases the conductivity of the photo-diodes. • The 7 % rGO included ZnO core-shell structure has a strongly positive effect on the photo-diode performance. • The 7 % rGO included ZnO:rGO interlayer can be succesfully used instead of traditional insulator layer in the future.

Effect of Different Rates and Time of Application of Phosphorus on Yield, Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Monetary Returns of No-till Maize (Zea mays L.) after Lowland Rice

Field experiment was conducted during dry seasons for 2 consecutive years at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on no-till maize after lowland kharif rice on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Treatments executed are three Phosphorus levels (30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three Phosphorus application times (at 10 days before harvest of rice, at the time of sowing of maize and at the time of first irrigation to maize). The results revealed that application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded superior grain and stover yield, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over that of 45 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1. But, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 left behind the soil with lower amount of available Nitrogen and Potassium and higher Phosphorus status after harvest of the crop. Application of phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice and at the time of sowing of maize being on par resulted in better grain and stover yield of maize, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over its delayed application (at the time of first irrigation to maize). The application of Phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice or at the time of sowing of maize depleted greater amount of available Phosphorus from the soil than its application along with first irrigation.

Effect of different rates of potassium fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and yield components under Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Effect of different rates of potassium fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and yield components under Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Effect of Different Rate to Nitrogen on Gray Water and Water Footprint to Potato

Effect of Different Rate to Nitrogen on Gray Water and Water Footprint to Potato

Substitution of raw lucerne with raw citrus lemon by-product in silage: In vitro apparent digestibility and gas production.

Fruit pomace addition to lucerne silage could rapidly reduce silage pH creating an acidic environment and thus maybe preventing spoilage. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates of inclusion of citrus lemon by-products on lucerne. In this study, the following five different treatments were prepared: L0 (control) with 100% lucerne; L25 (75% lucerne with 25% lemon pomace); L50 (50% lucerne with 50% lemon pomace); L75 (25% lucerne with 75% lemon pomace); and L100 (100% lemon pomace). After ensiling, the chemical composition, nutritive value, stability, in vitro apparent digestibility, and gas production of silage were determined. The dry matter (DM) content was higher for lemon pomace substitution equal to or exceeded 50% (P < 0.01). Crude protein, on the contrary, decreased (P < 0.01) over the same percentage of substitution. The L100 and L75 treatments showed higher DM apparent disappearance rate and lower (P < 0.05) crude protein and neutral detergent fiber apparent degradation rate vs. L0. Lemon pomace could be used at high inclusion level in lucerne silage, allowing the preservation of this by-product all the year, improving some chemical silage characteristics, and reducing proteolytic processes that usually happen on lucerne silage. Moreover, the in vitro apparent digestibility and gas production results showed that a partial substitution of lucerne with lemon pomace is able to improve silage digestibility.

Effects of Kappaphycus Drippings (KD) Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield Performance of Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food crop in more than 60 percent of the world, and around 430 million metric tons of rice are consumed worldwide. Moreover, to reduce synthetic fertilizer use while keeping rice production on track, the researchers decided to conduct a study on Kappaphycus drippings (K.D.) foliar fertilizer in rice production at Brgy. Mangayon, Compostela, Davao de Oro from July to December 2019 to determine the effects of different rates of synthetic fertilizer (S.F.) supplemented with Kappaphycus drippings (K.D.) foliar fertilizer on the growth and yield performance of rice and the return of cost production (RPC). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in the experiment, with six treatments replicated four times. The six treatments were as follows T1 - 100% SF (Control), T2 - 90% SF + KD, T3 - 80% SF + KD, T4 - 70% SF + KD, T5 - 60% SF + KD and T6 - 50% SF + KD. The experimental plot has a 4 x 4-meter dimension. The study results showed that K.D. foliar fertilizer positively impacted rice plants' growth performance, particularly on the plant height, leaf color index (LCI), and the number of tillers and productive tillers per hill and, at the same time, reduced the rice bug population. Furthermore, rice yield was positively influenced by K.D. foliar fertilizer and increased return on production cost despite the lesser rates of synthetic fertilizer (S.F.).

Eight-year results of precommercial thinning on growth parameters in Picea orientalis (L.) link stands

ABSTRACT The effects of different rates of precommercial thinning (PCT) intensity on the stand developmental parameters in natural Picea orientalis stands were investigated to determine the most suitable thinning rate. The present study was performed in Trabzon province located in the northeastern of Turkey. In PCT plots, four different levels of PCT intensity were applied including control (unthinned), light (1.3–1.5 m spacing), moderate (1.5–2.0 m spacing) and heavy (2.5–3.0 m spacing). The values of diameter and height were measured at the end of the 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 growing seasons. The results indicated statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of PCT levels on the diameter, total stand volume and total basal area increments in all periods measured. On the other hand, significant differences were at 99% confidence level for 6 and 8-year height increments. Although the diameter increments increased with increasing levels of precommercial thinning, the height increments did not increase. Also, total basal area increments were higher than in the control in all precommercial thinning treatments, except for the heavy PCT. Considering the best results of measured growth parameters, the early results showed that the light and moderate PCT had the most favorable effect on stand development.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATES OF BIOCHAR ON NODULATION AND YEILD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max.L.merill)

The experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of different rates of biochar on nodulation and yield of soybean in Lafia, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The experiments were laid in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Biochar at the rates of 0, 4, 8 and 12 tons/ha was incorporated into ridges at planting. Four seeds of soybean were planted per hole at a spacing of 5cm between plants on four manually prepared ridges of 2 m long spaced at approximately 75cm. The seedlings were thinned to two plants after two weeks of planting (WAP). All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT statistical package while least significant difference was used to separate treatment means at 5% level of probability. The results obtained showed that biochar at the rate of 8 tons/ha significantly (p&lt;0.05) produced the highest number of nodules (20.8 and 16.4), recorded the heaviest weight per 100 seeds (16.9 and 14.9g) and grain yield of soybean (1304.0 and 1316.7 kg/ha) in both cropping seasons. The results further revealed that the highest dose of biochar (12 tons/ha) in this study did not necessarily influence and increase any parameter tested except over the control (0.0 tons/ha) in both cropping seasons. Therefore biochar at the rate of 8 tons/ha is hereby considered to be the optimum rate for sustainable soybean production in the study area.

Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Their Quantity in Acidic Luvisols under Lime Rates in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) transformations and associated changes in soil chemistry following lime application in acidic soils are very determinant to enhance P use efficiency. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rates of lime on soil P fractions and chemical properties in acidic Luvisols of southern Ethiopia. The lime rates were 0 t/ha (0%), 3.75 t/ha (50%), 7.5 t/ha (100%), and 11.25 t/ha (150%), and incubated for a month with three replications. The soil P fractions analyzed includes soluble P (P-sol), P associated with iron (Fe-P), aluminum (Al-P), calcium (Ca-P), organic part (Org-P) and residual (Res-P). The result indicated that liming significantly (p < 0.05) improved the release of P-sol, Ca-P, and Res-P, and reduced Fe-P, Al-P, and Org-P. The changes in soil chemical properties were also significant. For instance, increased rate of lime enhanced soil pH from 5.3 to 6.5, reduced exchangeable acidity from 1.47 to 0.15 cmol(+)/kg, and increased available P from 2.74 to 8.72 cmol(+)/kg. Yet, the amount of P-sol was found low for plant needs even at a 150% rate of lime. Thus, working on external P requirement to equilibrate the need for plants followed by crop response validation are suggested.

Intensity of CO2 emissions of sod-podzolic soil depending on fertilization and lime application

Topicality. With climate change, agricultural production accounts for about 15 % of green-house gas emissions. Disbalance of organic carbon decreases the environmental sustainability and productivity of agroecosystems and soil fertility. With soil management, the intensity of carbon monoxide emission from the soil can reduce to optimize its organic matter. Issues. There is a crucial need to study and analyze comprehensively the effects of different rates of chemical meliorants and mineral fertilizers for crops in the Western Polissia crop rotation on the volume of CO2 emissions from sod-podzolic soil. Aim. To study the characteristic features of carbon dioxide emissions from sod-podzolic soil during winter wheat and spring barley cultivation with different rates of meliorants and fertilizers. Materials and Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical and statistical methods. Results. On the background of mineral fertilization, land reclamation with limestone materials at 0.5 and 1.0 rates determined by the hydrolytic acidity of the soil generally decreases CO2 emissions into the air. During the growing season, depending on the development stage of spring barley, the level of carbon dioxide emission in the variant with N90P90K90 was 89.8–68.3–63.5 mg CO2/kg soil, and in combination with 1.0 rate of dolomite powder – 83.1–59.8–63.6 mg CO2/kg soil. It is noted that the intensity of CO2 accumulation in the surface layer depended on rates of ameliorant, soil moisture and temperature. Thus, the carbon dioxide emission in a winter wheat field was the highest when 1.5 rates of dolomite powder were applied on the background of N120P60K90 , and in the stem elongation stage at air temperature 13.2 ℃ was 77.7 mg CO2/kg of soil. When air temperature increased to 22.0 ℃ in the heading stage, this indicator increased by 1.2 times and at air temperature of 20.4 ℃ in the full maturity stage, it decreased by 1.3 times. When 1.0 rate of dolomite powder was applied, CO2 emission decreased to 18.2 mg CO2/kg of soil compared with 1.5 rates in the full maturity stage of wheat due to the intensity of redox processes in the soil when different rates of limestone materials was applied. Conclusions. In the short-term crop rotation, lime application had a positive effect on the for-mation of deficit-free balance of organic carbon in sod-podzolic soil with intensive application of mineral fertilizers for crops. When we applied 1.0 and 1.5 rates of dolomite powder on the background of N120P60K90 in winter wheat crops, the organic carbon balance was 0.35–0.28 t/ha, in spring barley crops on the background of N90P90K90 – 0.10–0.16 t/ha. Key words: winter wheat, spring barley, land reclamation, fertilizers, carbon dioxide, balance.

Effect of Different Rates of Liquid Trichoderma harzianum on Growth Enhancement of Tissue Cultured Abaca Seedlings

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of liquid Trichoderma harsianum on the growth enhancement of tissue-cultured Abaca seedlings. There are six treatments replicated four (4) times with 5 samples per replication. The following were the treatment: T0-control, T1- 50 ml of L.T, T2- 40 ml of L.T, T3-30 ml of L.T, T4- 20 ml of L.T, and T5-10ml of L.T/liter of water. Based on the results, it did not successfully reject the null hypothesis on plant height, pseudostem girth, leaf count per plant, leaf area per plant, and the number of primary roots of Abaca seedlings treated with liquid Trichoderma harsianum. While the two parameters successfully rejected the null hypothesis, there is highly significant that developed greater lengths for their shoot and root lengths treated with liquid Trichoderma harsianum. When compared to the control, the use of Liquid Trichoderma harsianum can significantly increase abaca growth. Treatment 3 of Abaca seedlings with 30 ml of liquid Trichoderma harsianum was the most effective of the five treatments with this substance. The correlation between treatments and parameters is also favorable.