Effect Of Different Nitrogen Doses Research Articles

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the seed yield and the content and quality of fat in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars

Pot marigold seeds contain oil with a specific composition (presence of calendic acid); hence, they can be used as an alternative oil raw material. In 2011–2013, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg N∙ha-1) on the seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition in four pot marigold cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization exerted a positive effect on the number of flower heads and seed yield. However, the response of marigold cultivars to nitrogen doses applied varied, i.e. the yield of the ‘Tokaj’ and ‘Radio’ cultivars was significantly increased up to the dose of 60 kg N∙ha-1, whereas such an increase was noted in the ‘Orange King’ and ‘Persimmon Beauty’ cultivars at the dose of 90 kg N∙ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization modified the content of fat: the low nitrogen doses (30 kg N∙ha-1) did not influence the fat content in the seeds, whereas the increasing doses resulted in its gradual decline. The cultivars were characterised by significant differences in plant morphology, seed yield, and fat quality. During the three-year period, the highest seed and fat yields were determined for the ‘Orange King’ cultivar (1857.3 and 339.3 kg·ha-1, respectively) and the highest proportion of calendic acid in the oil (54.86%) was detected in the ‘Persimmon Beauty’ cultivar. The yield and quality of marigold oil depended on both nitrogen fertilization and the weather conditions prevailing during the growing seasons. The increase in the nitrogen doses was accompanied by an increase in the content of linoleic acid and a decrease in the level of oleic acid. The cooler and wetter growing season in 2011 turned out to promote the highest fat and calendic acid accumulation.

Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on Some Agricultural Characteristics and Alkaloid Content of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. and Hyoscyamus niger L.

AbstractAlkaloids, nitrogen containing basic substance, have a complex structure. They are one of the most important groups of secondary metabolites, which is synthesized in roots and transported to other organs. Since alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds, the availability of nitrogen is expected to play an important role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in plants. Nitrogen affects yield and quality of medicinal plants, therefore, growers usually apply large amount of nitrogen to obtain high yields. The objective of the present study was to determine yield, yield components and alkaloid content of two henbane species (Hyoscyamus reticulatusL. andHyoscyamus nigerL.), collected from wild flora of South-eastern Anatolia, grown under four nitrogen applications (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha−1), in 2010-2011 growing seasons. In the field trial, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, number of capsule per plant, capsule width, capsule length, number of seed per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and total alkaloid content were investigated. The results of study showed that nitrogen doses were found important for investigated characters but not important forHyoscyamusspecies. Seed yield per plant varied from 8.4 to 11.6 g per plant, their alkaloid contents were found between 0.14% and 0.21%.

Effect of Varying Levels of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

Nitrogen (N) fertilization at higher rates enhances the yield of crop plants; however, overuse of N in cultivation of crop not only decreased Nitrogen Use Efficiency of crop plants but caused severe environmental pollution. Hence, the optimum use of N is perquisite for sustainable development of Agriculture. This study was carried out during 2016, to evaluate the effect of various nitrogen applications on the economic performance of muskmelon. This research work was laid out at experimental site of Horticulture orchard SAU Tandojam with three replications in RCBD. The growth and yield performance of muskmelon was assessed by using six nitrogen (N) levels viz; 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1. Two varieties including Chandny and golden tumbro were used in the current study.The result showed that effect of different nitrogen doses on the economic important parameters of muskmelon was significant (P

The Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on Yield and Some Yield Components of Melissa officinalis Subsp. altissima

Melissa officinalis subsp. L. altissima (Sibthr. et Smith) Arcang which belongs to Lamiaceae (mint) family is a perennial, herbaceous and essential oil bearing plant. Its essential oil and extract could be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. However, there is a limited number of reports on agronomy and chemical contents of Melissa officinalis subsp. L. altissima (Sibthr. et Smith) Arcang. In this study, effect of five different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150and 200 kg ha -1 ) on some agronomic traits of Melissa officinalis subsp. L. altissima (Sibthr. et Smith) Arcang were examined in the conditions of Mediterranean climate in 2011 and 2012. All traits were significantly affected by the different nitrogen doses in the second year of the experiment. Higher nitrogen doses increased plant height, number of branches, fresh herbage yield, fresh leaf yield, dry herbage yield and dry leaf yield. On the other hand, the highest N dose (200 kg ha -1 ) did not give the highest values in terms of plant height, number of branches, fresh herbage yield and dry herbage yield. In the second year, 150 kg ha -1 nitrogen treatment was appeared to be better than other treatments.

Effect of increasing spring doses of nitrogen on yield and oil content in seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Effect of increasing spring doses of nitrogen on yield and oil content in seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial biomass in an Oxisol cultivated with irrigated barley in the Brazilian Cerrado

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen doses and five period of sample collection, on soil microbial biomass - nitrogen (SMB-N), total nitrogen (total N) and percentual ratio of the microbial biomass and total N (SMB-N/total N) in a Oxisol cultivated with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The experiment was installed in June, 2005, in an area located at Embrapa Cerrados, Federal District. The experimental design was a randomized block, with three plots received doses of nitrogen: 20 – 40 – 80 kg ha-1 N and a control without it and the subplots were period of soil sample. Three applications of N were realized: 10 kg ha-1 on the 5th day (06/14) after sowing; the rest of N was parceled in two applications with fertigation, on tillage, on the 27th (07/08) DAP, e no 43rd (07/22) DAP. Soil samples layer (0 - 10 cm deep) were collected for (SMB-N) determination and total N in six periods: 02 days before of the first fertigation; 02 days after of the first fertigation; 04 days before of the last fertigation and 04 days after of the last fertigation; on flowering stage and after harvesting. There was effect of the doses of N and the period of soil collection on the SMB-N, total N and in the ratio SMB-N/ total N. The average values of total N revealed steadier in short-term (cycle of the culture) and this was not a good parameter to evaluate the behavior and N transformations in the soil-plant system.

Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on the Storage Proteins and Palatability of Rice Grains of Primary and Secondary Rachis Branches

The effects of applied nitrogen (N) doses on crude protein and amylose accumulation in rice grains on primary and secondary rachis branches and their palatability were examined. The crude protein content of rice grains on both primary (PRB) and secondary rachis branches (SRB) increased with the increase in N supply showing a strong negative correlation with palatability. The correlation coefficient between protein content of the grains on PRB and SRB was –0.92 and –0.98, respectively. Although the amylose content also decreased with increasing N supply, the change was not significant oneither PRB or SRB. However, it showed a good correlation with palatability; i.e., the correlation coefficient on PRB and SRB was 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. Analysis of protein by SDS-PAGE showed that the contents of protein bodies PB-I and PB-II, were correlated with palatability, but the latter had a higher correlation. The grains on PRB showed a higher palatability than those on SRB due to the difference in the accumulation pattern of proteins and amylose. These results suggest that when breeding for varieties with good palatability, the plants with more grains on PRB should be selected and by maintaining the nitrogen level in the field, we can control protein accumulation and thus can improve the palatability of rice crop.

English

This study has been carried out during the growing seasons of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 in Turkey, to determine the effects of different nitrogen doses on the herbage (150, 230, 310, 390, 470, 550, 630 and 710 kg ha-1) and seed yields (150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 270 and 290 kg ha-1) of and some agricultural characteristics of annual ryegrass cv. “caramba”. Two different trials were established separately for the production of herbage and seed in the research. According to the two-year research, applications of different nitrogen doses are observed to be important for all properties of herbage yield and properties except for plant height of seed yield. As a result, the highest forage yield in annual ryegrass with the aim of green herbage is obtained to be of (54834 kg ha-1) 470 and (54976 kg ha-1) 550 kg ha-1 at nitrogen levels, plant height (71.9 cm), crude protein ratio (21.2%) and the yield of crude protein is (1982 kg ha-1) 470 kg ha-1. It was obtained for the seed production that the highest number of tiller (626 item/m2), fertile tiller number (483 item/m2) and grain yield are (0.54 mg) 210 kg ha-1, spikelet number per grain is (32.7 item) 250 kg ha-1 and (33.6 item) 270 kg ha-1, the highest seed yield is (343 kg ha-1) 250 kg ha-1 from the nitrogen dose application. In the light of information, the highest values were obtained from total 470 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in herbage production and 250 kg ha-1 in seed production. Key words: Crude protein, fodder crops, herbage yield, seed yield, nitrogen doses. &nbsp

The effects of different nitrogen doses on yield, quality and leaf nitrogen content of some early grape cultivars (V. vinifera L.) grown in greenhouse

Nitrogen deficiency is a worldwide problem, causing restrictions in productivity of many horticultural produces. Particularly, the issue is compounded when the greenhouse production is employed. Therefore, reliable knowledge on proper application of nitrogen ensures not only satisfactory yield but also balanced vegetative and reproductive growth in plants. This study was thus conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen doses (10, 20 and 30 kg N da -1 ) on some quality properties with petiole nitrogen content of grape cultivars ‘Early Cardinal’ (EC), ‘Yalova Incisi’ (YI) and ‘Ergin Cekirdeksizi’ (ER) grown in plastic greenhouse for two years. Overall results indicated that cluster weight, cluster length and yield values increased depending on the nitrogen doses. On the other hand, increasing nitrogen applications generally resulted in higher petiole nitrogen content. The highest petiole nitrogen values were obtained from the treatment of 30 kg N da -1 for two phenologycal periods (1.29 and 1.59% for full bloom and veraison, respectively). Considering the general investigations, 20 kg N da -1 application could be recommended in terms of nitrogen supply under such conditions. Key words : Grapevine, nitrogen fertilizing, yield, petiole analysis.

INFLUÊNCIA DE SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS NA RESPOSTA DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IRRIGADO À ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM COBERTURA

In recent years emphasis has been placed upon the systemic approach of agricultural practices to increase food production. Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has demonstrated to be a suitable crop species as a component of several production systems as it has been shown on the irrigated areas of the Brazilian Central Region. However, general crop management techniques have to be adjusted as a function of the different crop systems available and nitrogen fertilization is one of those. To confirm this hypothesis, common bean response to nitrogen application was evaluated using cultivar Apore under four different irrigated production systems using different crop rotations and soil management practices: A - bean-corn crop rotation, using moldboard plowing in the spring-summer (November/December) and harrowing in the autumn-winter (May-June) season; B – ricebean crop rotation and moldboard plowing only; C - rice/calopogonium-bean crop rotation and harrowing only; D – cornbean crop rotation using continuous no-tillage. Urea, used as the nitrogen source, was applied in topdressing using 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg.ha -1 of N. Field trials were conducted during the fallwinter season, in 1996 and 1997, in a distrofic Dark Red Latosol, at the experimental farm of Embrapa Rice & Beans. Treatment effects were detected on the number of pods per plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield. Higher yields were obtained for systems C and D in which there was less soil disturbance. In system C, the effect of different nitrogen doses fit in a quadratic model and 109 kg.ha -1 , estimated by the regression equation, provided the highest grain yields. In system D the effect was linear indicating that the bean crop demanded more nitrogen under no-tillage. In systems A and B the effect of different nitrogen doses varied according to the year of cultivation. KEY-WORDS: Crop rotation; soil preparation; yield production; productivity; dry beans.

Nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana em solo de Cerrado com aplicação de fertilizante nitrogenado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada no nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana do solo (N BMS), em diferentes profundidades, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com cevada. O experimento foi instalado em junho de 2004, em área experimental de primeiro ano de plantio direto, anteriormente cultivada com milheto por três anos e posteriormente com soja por duas safras. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: quatro doses de nitrogênio (30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) e o controle sem adubação nitrogenada. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em quatro profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm, com três repetições e em três épocas: perfilhamento pleno, floração e logo após a colheita. O N BMS e a razão N BMS:Ntotal diminuíram com a profundidade. Doses mais elevadas de nitrogênio não aumentaram o N BMS. O Ntotal não foi alterado nas diferentes doses de nitrogênio, mas diminuiu com a profundidade. Houve correlação negativa entre o N BMS e o pH do solo em todas as doses de nitrogênio, com exceção na dose zero. Houve também, correlação positiva entre a razão N BMS:Ntotal e o N BMS, porém não entre a razão N BMS:Ntotal e o Ntotal.

The Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses on Artemisia annua L.

SURMMARY The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen doses (0, 6,12 and 18 kg/da) on the plant parameters, yields and quality of Artemisia annua L. ecotype from Adana, Turkey. A two-year experiment was conducted between 1996–1998 under Adana ecological conditions. During this study, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, fresh herb yield (kg/da), dry herb yield (kg/da), dry leaf yield (kg/da), essential oil content (%) essential oil yield (l/da), artemisinin content (%), and artemisinin yield (kg/da) were investigated. The results indicated that application of different N doses statistically affected the essential oil content and oil yield only the first year of the study. But artemisinin content and yield were not significantly affected.