Effects Of Different Land Use Research Articles

Evaluating the Influence of Land Use and Landscape Pattern on the Spatial Pattern of Water Quality in the Pearl River Basin

Differences in land use and landscape patterns have become crucial factors affecting regional water quality. In order to investigate the effects of different land use and landscape patterns on water quality, this study used dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and potassium permanganate index (CODMn) from 147 conventional water quality monitoring stations in the Pearl River basin of China from January to December 2021 as representative water quality parameters. The quantitative relationship between land use, landscape pattern, and water quality in the Pearl River basin was investigated using geographic information system technology (GIS) and partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that the overall water quality of the Pearl River basin was relatively positive and mainly threatened by organic pollution. The water quality of the Pearl River basin was affected by the spatial characteristics of land use and landscape pattern, showing a poorer spatial pattern on the eastern and western ends and a better one in the central part of the basin. The developed PLS regression model could better explain the quantitative relationship between water quality, land use, and landscape pattern, concluding that unused urban land has the greatest impact on water quality, with an impact coefficient of more than 0.10. The interspersion juxtaposition index (IJI) for representing landscape patterns had the greatest impact on water quality indicators, with an impact coefficient of −0.15 on DO, 0.13 on NH4+-N, and 0.15 on CODMn, respectively. Meanwhile, land use types such as unused land and water and landscape patterns indicated by the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and the contagion index (CONTAG) had significant effects on watershed water quality. The results of the study provide a reference value for the optimal adjustment of land use structure and water quality improvement in the basin.

Extracted samples and in situ soil investigations to assess the effects of different land use and tillage management practices on soil organic matter composition

AbstractThe effects of land use change on soil organic carbon (SOC) content have been investigated extensively. However, little research has been conducted on how soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry changes under different land use management practices, particularly with different soil cultivation methods. Thus, in this study, we compared the effects of various land use management practices, including six medium‐term tillage practices, namely no‐tillage (zero‐tillage), disking, shallow cultivation, deep cultivation, ploughing, and loosening, and a natural ecosystem, namely tree line, on SOM composition. The present study examined Chernozem soils during spring and autumn under varying land uses in randomised complete block designs, with four replicates at depth increments of 0–10 cm. The SOM composition was characterised using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformat spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐VIS). More intensive tillage operations resulted in larger SOM composition changes. Overall, conservation tillage, namely no‐tillage, disking, shallow cultivation, and deep cultivation, SOM was more like the tree line soil than the soil under conventional tillage. Both DRIFTS and UV‐VIS revealed that tree line soil had the lowest aromaticity (15%) and, therefore, a lower decomposition rate and higher SOM recalcitrance compared with the cropland soil (27%). After observing the relationship between tillage operation and aromaticity, aromaticity increased with increasing tillage intensity. This study demonstrates that land use can alter the structure and stability of SOM compounds. We observed that afforestation is similar to conservation tillage, and results are obtained quickly (<40 years). Hence, regeneration agriculture and conservation tillage may be the superior solutions for increasing SOM, sustainable agriculture, and food security in current soil and climate conditions. In addition, DRIFTS measurements of bulk soil provided more detailed information on the quality and stability of SOM than UV‐VIS measurements.

Analysis of Water Quality Around the Patancheruvu, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.

In nature, water quality affects the condition of ecosystems and altering the existence of living beings. In this paper the study of water quality is done for Patancheruvu block, Telangana, India. The main objective of this research is to find out the effect of different land use on water and protect it from contamination without hampering the environmental balance. The method used in this research to evaluated groundwater quality includes single factor evaluation method called Water Quality Index (WQI). The study area is divided in to 3 zones and collected bore water data from 16 sites around the study area. WQI analysis is done for two periods i.e., monsoon season and non-monsoon season. The results explained that, among the 16 sites,3 sites which are falling in the 3rd zone are not suitable for domestic purposes. Out of remaining 14 sites, 11 sites are satisfactory, and 2 sites are slightly modified. It is concluded that water quality of the Patancheruvu is degraded, fundamentally, by three factors: agricultural sewage discharges, industrial wastewater and urban wastage.

Continuous maize cultivation with high nitrogen fertilizers associated with the formation of dried soil layers in the semiarid farmland on the Loess Plateau

• Different land use types were chosen to determine soil desiccation. • Long-term maize cultivation with high yield caused a DSLs in the deep soil layers. • Crop rotations are recommended for maize production in the semiarid environment. Sustainable agriculture ensures food security and combats climate change by minimizing reliance on water resources. Maize ( Zea mays L.) is commonly grown with plastic mulching practice on the Loess Plateau of China, but its impact on soil desiccation is not well understood. We compared the effects of different land-use, including 17-year continuous wheat cultivation, 19-year pea-wheat rotations, 12-year continuous maize cultivation (high yield), 30-year multi-crop rotations, and 9-year continuous maize cultivation (varying yield) under four nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (i.e., 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha −1 ). Average crop evapotranspiration during 2009–2020 for long-term continuous wheat, pea-wheat rotation, high-yielding maize, and multi-crop rotations was 222, 201, 277, and 393 mm, respectively, while average effective precipitation from March to September was 329 mm for all treatments. Continuous high-yielding maize cultivation formed a dry soil layer (DSL) in the deep soil profile (>400 cm), which was not found in other cultivation modes. After 9-year continuous high-yielding maize cultivation, 300 kg N ha −1 applying (20.9 Mg ha −1 biomass yield) formed the DSLs in the 360–960 cm soil profiles, while under 200 kg N ha −1 (20.1 Mg ha −1 biomass yield), the soil water content was almost close to the threshold of DSL in the 600–740 cm soil depth; while under 0 and 100 kg N ha −1 (<15 Mg ha −1 biomass yield), the DSL was not found along the soil profile, indicating that DSL formation under continuous maize cultivation was is driven by high N rates (or high yield level). These results suggest that long-term high-yielding maize cultivation with plastic mulching causes severe soil water depletion, resulting in the formation of a DSL in the deep soil profile. To maintain productivity, farmers should not be encouraged to carry out long-term continuous cropping of high-yielding maize in the semiarid environment on the Loess Plateau.

The effect of different land use planning scenarios on the amount of total soil losses in the Mikail Stream Micro-Basin.

Erosion is seen as a major productivity problem in the world. Unplanned agricultural practices caused by human activities initiate the soil erosion process. Especially in sloping areas, agricultural activities without soil conservation measures accelerate this process. This study prepared land use planning (LUP) scenarios to reduce soil losses in the Mikail Stream Micro-Basin, which has an erosion problem and a rough topography. ILSEN land evaluation method, which is formed by interpreting FAO land evaluation principles according to Turkish conditions, was used in the creation of the scenarios. Soil conservation (terracing and contour agriculture) land-use types (LUT) that can help in erosion reduction were included in the ILSEN method and 8 different LUP scenarios were created. Soil protected (terracing and contour farming) LUTs that can help reduce erosion were included in the ILSEN method and 8 different LAP scenarios were created. The RUSLE Method integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to calculate the estimated amount of soil loss caused by the scenarios created. For land evaluation and erosion studies, serial-based soil map of the area and Google Earth images were used. Scenario 7 created has reduced soil loss by 79% compared to the present land use (Scenario 8) of the basin. While the soil loss caused by the present land-use of the basin was 335.95 tons ha-1year-1 on average, the amount of soil loss caused by the 7th scenario was calculated as 69.05 tons ha-1year-1 on average. The results showed that the ILSEN land evaluation method can be a model to be used in the creation of erosion-reducing LUP scenarios in areas with erosion problems.

Groundwater recharge in phreatic aquifers, a case study: modeling unsaturated zone and recharge rates of the Rio Claro Aquifer using Hydrus-1D

The hydrological process in which water infiltrates from the soil surface to the top of saturated zone of an aquifer is called groundwater recharge. A better understanding of this process is one of the keys for a proper management of an aquifer system, especially in places where water supply relies solely on groundwater. This study presents the applicability of the one-dimensional mathematical model HYDRUS-1D® to simulate the unsaturated zone of the Rio Claro Aquifer, southeastern Brazil, in order to interpret the behavior of the aquifer recharge over time and under different rainfall regimes. Deriving out of simulations, the influence of different precipitation rates, as well as the effect of different land use on the recharge zones was assessed. Results enabled us to observe the variation of distinct properties of the soil profile, such as the spatio-temporal changes in hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture content at different soil horizons and depths due to flow and rainfall dynamics. Moreover, the average infiltration time from the soil surface to the top of saturated zone was estimated to be between 85-90 days. The precipitation/recharge ratio was at 20-30% intervals, presenting higher values in periods of greater precipitation. Likewise, changes in land use such as the increase in paved areas led to a nearly virtual zero recharge emphasizing the importance of uncovered areas for natural aquifer recharge processes.

Effects of Different Land Use on Some Soil Properties in Adıyaman Province

Effects of Different Land Use on Some Soil Properties in Adıyaman Province

The Change of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Soils by The Land Use

Analysing the factors driving the population size and activities of soil microorganisms is important for understanding the soil ecosystem‘s structure and functioning. For this purpose, the soil enzymes are used as an indicator of soil microbial activity and soil fertility. Although there are many studies on the distribution and activities of various soil enzymes in soils under monoculture or crop alternation conditions, there are only few studies examining the ecological relationship in natural ecosystems, especially by using enzymes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of different land uses on the catalase enzyme activity in soil. For this purpose, the catalase enzyme activities in soil samples taken from 0-5cm and 5-10cm depths in agricultural, forest, and pasture lands in north and south exposures were determined and the effects of different land use, exposure, and soil depth conditions on the enzyme activities were investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that the catalase enzyme activity significantly differed by the land use and the highest level of catalase enzyme activity in both south and north exposures and at both depth levels was found in forest soils, whereas the lowest level of activity was found in agricultural lands in north exposure and pasture soils in south exposure.

Effects of agricultural land abandonment on soil organic carbon stocks and composition of soil organic matter in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

The Mediterranean mountainous landscapes have undergone large-scale exploitation for millennia. In the Central Pyrenees, land abandonment has occurred since the 1950s, leading to a process of woody encroachment. The main objective of this paper is to shed light on the effects of different land use and land covers (LULCs) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, and on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) after land abandonment in the Central Pyrenees. Five LULCs (8 specific sites) were selected through detailed land use change mapping. Soil and litter samples (n = 160) were collected and analyzed, including Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pyrolysis–gas chromatography. Organic carbon (Corg)/N ratios, Carbon Preference Index and Average Chain Length indices were calculated based on the distribution of fatty acids in order to determine the molecular composition and degradation of SOM. The results showed: (i) an increase in the dominance index and forest cover, at the expense of shrublands and agricultural fields, and a decrease in Shannon’s Diversity and Evenness indexes; (ii) LULC and depth had significant effects on SOC and N contents and stocks; (iii) SOC and N contents and stocks were higher in the meadows and young forests; (iv) significant differences were observed between meadows and young forests and the first stages of land abandonment considering the soil profile; (v) total decomposition of lignins and an omnipresence of unsaturated and saturated straight-chain fatty acids; and (vi) Corg/N values indicate that the origin of SOM is microbial. This study confirms that SOC accumulation after abandonment is a slow process, and the first stages of the woody encroachment decrease SOC stocks. Woody encroachment should be managed with measures based on scientific knowledge, but also considering the historic adaptation of agro-pastoral activities to the environment to ensure the proper functioning of ecosystem services and promote SOC storage in Mediterranean mountain soils.

Effects of Different Land Use Practices on Nitrogen Loss from Runoff During Rainfall Events

To understand the effect of nitrogen from runoff during rainfall events for different land uses, sub-catchments A and B in the small Shipanqiu watershed in Zhong County, Chongqing-which were managed using different land use practices-were taken as research objects. Runoff flow and nitrogen levels at the outlet of the catchment were monitored. Sub-catchment A is an agroforestry-water complex and sub-catchment B is the site of traditional agriculture. EMC was used to evaluate the average concentration of runoff nitrogen during rainfall events, and the effect of this runoff nitrogen on the small watershed with different land use systems was analyzed. The results showed that the TN concentration in catchment B (1.37-15.17 mg·L-1) > catchment A (0.84-9.28 mg·L-1); the ratio of the first peak to the second peak in catchment A was 62%, which was far less than the 97% in catchment B; the average DN/TN values were 69% and 75% in catchments A and B, respectively; and the average NN/DN values were 67% and 80% in catchments A and B, respectively. The different land use practices have significant impacts on nitrogen loss. Compared with the catchment where traditional agricultural practices were followed, the agroforestry-water complex catchment effectively reduced the loss of nitrogen and decreased the first TN peak value and DN/TN and NN/DN values. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in small watersheds in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Assessment of soil microbial and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere zone under different land use/cover of a semiarid region, India

BackgroundLand use/cover and management practices are widely known to influence soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. The present study investigated the effect of different land use, i.e., forests viz. mixed forest cover (MFC), Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC-dominated forest cover (PFC), and cultivated sites viz. agriculture field (AF), vegetable field (VF), respectively, on soil parameter, microbial activity, and enzymes involved in soil nutrient cycle in a semiarid region of India.ResultsThe results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in soil carbon (SC), soil nitrogen (SN) content (~ 30–80%) and consequently the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) (~ 70–80%), soil basal respiration (SBR), soil substrate-induced respiration (SSIR), and soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase) under cultivated sites in comparison with forest sites. Pearson’s correlation showed that a positive correlation of SC with SMBC, SBR, SSIR (P < 0.01), and enzymatic activities (i.e., β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase) (P < 0.05) may imply the critical role of SC in regulating microbial and enzymatic activity. Also, a positive correlation of soil moisture with urease activity (P < 0.01) was found suggesting it as a significant abiotic factor for soil biological functions. Additionally, based on the PCA analysis, we observed the clustering of SMBC/SC ratio and qCO2 nearby AF.ConclusionOur study suggests that soil microbial parameters (SMBC, SBR, SSIR, SMBC/SC, qCO2) and enzyme activity are key indicators of soil health and fertility. Land use/cover alters the SOM content and soil microbial functions. The management strategies focusing on the conservation of natural forest and minimizing the land disturbances will be effective in preventing soil carbon flux as CO2 and maintaining the SC stock.

Effect of Different Land Use on Soil Physical Properties of Experimental Farms of NDUAT, Ayodhya

Effect of Different Land Use on Soil Physical Properties of Experimental Farms of NDUAT, Ayodhya

Assessing the Impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality: a case study of Mid River Njoro Catchment, Kenya

The study assessed the impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality of the mid River Njoro catchment, Kenya. Groundwater samples were collected from eight boreholes between the period of October 2017 to February 2018 and analyzed for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus. These parameters were used to calculate the Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) value of the study area. The concentration maps (“primary maps I”) were constructed using Kriging interpolation of ArcGIS software from the seven groundwater quality parameters. The “primary maps I” were standardized with the KEBS and WHO standards to the “primary maps II” for ease of integration into a GIS environment. The “primary maps II” were then rated and weighted using a polynomial function to generate “rank maps” before calculating the GQI using spatial analyst tools of ArcGIS software. The land use map was prepared from a high-resolution Google earth satellite imagery of 2015. The mean GQI values for the different land use polygons were calculated and compared using GIS techniques. The GQI ranged from 68.38 to 70.92, indicating a high groundwater quality of mid River Njoro catchment. The major land-use types identified include settlement area, forest cover, agricultural land and mixed area. The agricultural land dominated the study area, followed by settlement area, forest cover and finally mixed area. The mean GQI value in each land use type varied minimally and this could be because of the diffuse nature of the land use types of the study area. Settlement area had low GQI, followed by agricultural land, mixed area and the forest cover had the highest mean GQI value, which corresponds to good quality of groundwater. Even though the variation is insignificant in this particular study, it somehow indicates the adverse effects of different land use on the quality of groundwater.

Effect of different land use on Potassium forms and some soil properties in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwest Iran

The pasture and forest land use change to agricultural use can effect on many properties of the soil and its productivity. The present research aims to investigate various forms of K (soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and structural forms) and some soil properties in different land use of three areas including Choram, Kakan and Bahmaei in Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad Province. Four profiles were excavated in different land use of each area (In total, 12). All profiles were described and classified based on the Keys to Soil Taxonomy. The results showed that there is not any significant positive correlation between the clay and silt contents in different land use, while the lowest content of clay was observed in agricultural land use. The percentage of organic carbon was in its highest level in pasture land use (1.01%), and in its lowest level in agricultural (0.7%) and (0.4%) wheat cultivation. The highest and lowest pH levels were obtained in paddy soil (8.11) and garden (6.8), respectively. The average level of soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, structural and total forms of K in the studied area were 0.5- 6.1, 45-262, 86-366, 835-5197 and 967-5555 mg/kg of the soil, respectively. The studied soils of Kakan and Choram areas had the lowest and highest levels of non-exchangeable, structural, and total forms of K, respectively. In addition, the highest levels of soluble and exchangeable forms of K were observed in Bahmaei and Kakan areas, respectively. The soluble and exchangeable forms of K had significant changes in different land use,

The Response of Dissolved Organic Matter during Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Periods in the Regulated River for Sustainable Water Supply

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers are an important factor in pollution management due to the abundance of stored carbon. Using fluorescent spectroscopy, we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of DOM compositions, as well as their properties, for two of the major four regulated rivers—Han River (HR) and Geum River (GR) in South Korea. We collected eight sampling sites, four from each of the two rivers (from close to the weirs) in order to observe the integrated effects of different land use (terrestrial input) during the monsoon (July) and post-monsoon periods (September). High integral values of DOM compositions (July: 30.81 ± 9.71 × 103 vs. September: 1.78 ± 0.66 × 103) were present in all eight sites after heavy rainfall during the monsoon period, which indicated that Asian monsoon climates occupy a potent role in the DOM compositions of the rivers. Regarding DOM compositions, tryptophan-like and fulvic acid-like components were predominant in HR and GR, especially in GR with high integral values of protein-like and humus components. However, the properties of terrestrial DOM between HR and GR are markedly different. These results considered due to the different land use, where the terrestrial DOM shows a low degree of humification due to a high percentage of agriculture and urban land use in GR. Furthermore, these two rivers are typical regulated rivers, due to their weir constructions. High values of DOM components were present in the downstream of the weirs; however, increasingly high patterns appeared in the HR because of heavy rainfall (511.01 mm in HR; 376.33 mm in GR). In addition, a lower increasing trend of humic-like component was present in the GR due to a low percentage of forest land use/cover. These results suggest that the effect of the weir on rivers can be highlighted by the different percentages of land use/cover under the conditions of the monsoon period. Hence, DOM fluorescence can serve as an effective indicator for providing an early signal for the complex impacts of the different land use and rainfall in the regulated river systems.

Land Use in Habitats Affects Metal Concentrations in Wild Lizards Around a Former Lead Mining Site.

We investigated the potential effects of different land use and other environmental factors on animals living in a contaminated environment. The study site in Kabwe, Zambia, is currently undergoing urban expansion, while lead contamination from former mining activities is still prevalent. We focused on a habitat generalist lizards (Trachylepis wahlbergii). The livers, lungs, blood, and stomach contents of 224 lizards were analyzed for their lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, and arsenic concentrations. Habitat types were categorized based on vegetation data obtained from satellite images. Multiple regression analysis revealed that land use categories of habitats and three other factors significantly affected lead concentrations in the lizards. Further investigation suggested that the lead concentrations in lizards living in bare fields were higher than expected based on the distance from the contaminant source, while those in lizards living in green fields were lower than expected. In addition, the lead concentration of lungs was higher than that of the liver in 19% of the lizards, implying direct exposure to lead via dust inhalation besides digestive exposure. Since vegetation reduces the production of dust from surface soil, it is plausible that dust from the mine is one of the contamination sources and that vegetation can reduce exposure to this.

Effect of different land-use on occurrence and morphological traits of Carex buxbaumii (study from Biebrza National Park, Poland)

Carex buxbaumii is rare sedge of moist to wet meadows, marshes and fens. The population trends and detailed habitat requirements of this species remain unknown. In Poland, C. buxbaumii belongs to EN category of IUCN, while is even more endangered in other European countries. The knowledge on this species is limited, but probably it needs active protection for its maintenance. It is also known that plants respond morphologically to changes in the site conditions which may help to determine the ways of effective method of their conservation. Therefore, we examined the frequency and morphology of Carex buxbaumii growing in a sward of fen-grasslands i) abandoned for 15 years, ii) mowed, or iii) grazed by Konik horses. The description of the occurrence and of the morphological reaction to the differentiation in land–use type of C. buxbaumii is presented against the background of changes in vegetation cover that occurred in 2010–2016 in the examined fen-grassland.There was stated that C. buxbaumii grew on peat soils, of high content of organic matter and Ca+2. The type of land-use significantly differentiated both the frequency and morphology of C. buxbaumii. In the mowed site C. buxbaumii grew as an element of the Molinion vegetation and appeared there with 100% frequency. The individuals growing in the mowed site had the longest shoots, the longest inflorescence brackets, and the longest terminal spikes. In the site grazed by Koniks, C. buxbaumii was a component of Scheuchzerio–Caricetea nigrae vegetation, while its frequency of C. buxbaumii was 87%. The shoots there were the shortest, and in general, the morphology was the most differentiated. In the abandoned site C. buxbaumii abundance amounted 46%, and the individuals were smaller than those under the mowing regime but larger than those grazed by Koniks. In that site, the previous vegetation with high proportion of the Molinion and Phragmitetea species was replaced by Alnetea glutionosae vegetation, represented mainly by trees and shrubs. We have shown that the best conditions for the development of the C. buxbaumii population in the examined fen-grasslands are created under an extensive mowing regime.

Land Use Guidelines to Maintain Habitat Diversity of Wood- Pastures in the Southern Carpathians Under Projected Climate Change

The biodiversity of wood-pastures depends on a balance between human interference and natural vegetation succession, which however is undergoing changes driven by socio-economic factors and climate change. Widely spread throughout Europe, wood-pastures were subject to either intensification or abandonment, leading to habitat segregation and loss. This is currently the fate of large Romanian remnant woodpastures and climate warming further complicates management adaptation.In a series of simulation experiments, we compared the long-term effects of different land use and climate change scenarios on the habitat diversity of a wood-pasture in the Southern Carpathians (Fundata village, Romania). We tested livestock densities according to management guidelines, complemented with shrub-cutting in order to maintain a structurally-diverse landscape with high habitat values in the light of climate change. We found that significant losses of open pastureland and inclusion into forest, as well as landscape structural simplification and loss of complex habitats can be expected from climate warming, with more severe consequences in a hotter climate perspective. We arguefor the re-establishment of the traditional multi-use of wood-pastures at optimum livestock densities in combination with low-intensity shrubcutting, because our study demonstrated that traditional practices offer a balanced compromise between agricultural use and maintaining habitat mosaics that are robust to climate change.

Landscape heterogeneity in landform and land use provides functional resistance to gene flow in continuous Asian black bear populations.

ContextGenetic diversity is one of the most important facets of biological diversity, and changes in the spatial pattern of habitats, often modified by human activity, are believed to have affected the genetic diversity of resident natural populations.ObjectivesWe undertook a landscape genetic analysis in order to determine which landscape features influence gene flow within Asian black bear populations and to identify the underlying processes.MethodsIn our evaluation of gene flow, we estimated four parameters of resistance with regard to landscape elevation: the mean, the difference between the highest and lowest, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation of elevation among individuals. We then examined the resistance effect of different land use types.ResultsWith the exception of mean elevation, we found that all parameters showed a significant relationship with genetic distance, indicating that unevenness in elevation provides functional resistance to gene flow. Although we found no evidence of landscape barriers (isolation‐by‐barrier), there was an indication of landscape resistance (isolation‐by‐resistance). Urban area and farmland are suggested to be the strong factors contributing to the resistance to gene flow, even though isolation‐by‐distance was also detected. When we examined gene flow for pairs of males and pairs of females, both isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance were stronger in order of female pairs, male pairs, all individual pairs.ConclusionsWe conclude that landscape resistance was detectable with a high contrast in landscape heterogeneity and they are more influential on females than males.OPEN PRACTICES This article has been awarded Open Data badge. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gn0qf16. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.

Effects of different land use and land cover data on the landslide susceptibility zonation of road networks

Abstract. This work evaluates the influence of land use and land cover (LUC) data with different properties on the landslide susceptibility zonation of the road network in the Zêzere watershed (Portugal). The information value method was used to assess the landslide susceptibility using two models: one including detailed LUC data (the Portuguese Land Cover Map – COS) and the other including more generalized LUC data (the CORINE Land Cover – CLC). A set of fixed independent layers was considered as landslide predisposing factors (slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope-over-area ratio, soil, and lithology) while COS and CLC were used to find the differences in the landslide susceptibility zonation. A landslide inventory was used as a dependent layer, including 259 shallow landslides obtained from the photointerpretation of orthophotos from 2005, and further validated in three sample areas. The landslide susceptibility maps were assigned to the road network data and resulted in two landslide susceptibility road network maps. The models' performance was evaluated with prediction and success rate curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The landslide susceptibility results obtained in the two models present a high accuracy in terms of the AUC (&gt;90 %), but the model with more detailed LUC data (COS) produces better results in the landslide susceptibility zonation on the road network with the highest landslide susceptibility.